曙光一号自由电子激光器的理论计算

系统总结曙光一号自由电子激光器理论计算的主要结果:包括曙光一号装置主要参数的选取和理解;磁场失谐曲线的计算;常参数摇摆器和变参数摇摆器的主要结果;高阶波导模的贡献;电子束参数扰动对激光性能的影响;空间电荷效应等。计算结果表明,常参数摇摆器激光输出功率可达80MW,效率约50％;变参数摇摆器激光输出功率可达250MW左右,效率约16％。     

曙光一号自由电子激光装置的设计研究

曙光一号自由电子激光装置(SG-1 FEL)是一台高功率毫米波段自由电子激光放大器,它由3.5MeV直线感应加速器、电子束调制系统、变参数摇摆器和微波种子源等部件组成。本文扼要叙述了SG-1 FEL的物理设计和主要技术参数,并重点分析了各主要部件的实验研究、计算模拟,以及物理设计和结构的特点。     

变参数自由电子激光放大器的设计方法

据自由电子激光原理,利用变参数摇摆器设计可以大幅度提高自由电子激光放大器的效率,在分析文献中所提出的“单电子共振”和“磁场指数下降法”基础上,提出了变参数摇摆器的“多电子自洽设计和最佳选择”的设计方法。经数值计算证明,所提出的方法明显优于其它方法。     

曙光一号自由电子激光实验的理论分析

对曙光一号自由电子激光实验方案和结果进行了系统的理论分析和数值计算。首先用实测的束流发射度ε＿Ｎ＝０．３６～０．６３ｒａｄ·ｃｍ论证了电子束可以不经调制而由束流传输段直接进入摇摆器达到有效产生自由电子激光。其次用编制的三维电子束传输程序模拟２ｋＡ强流束从加速器出口到摇摆的器入器传输过程。最后根据实测参数，使用ＣＥＢＱ程序和ＷＡＧＦＥＬ程序，对曙光一号ＡＳＥ实验、功率放大实验和磁场失谐曲线进行的计算表明，曙光一号束流发射度大约在印ε＿Ｎ＝０．６１～０．８ｒａｄ·ｃｍ附近；ε＿Ｎ＝０．８ｒａｄ·ｃｍ时，上述实验与曲线的理论计算基本一致；曙光一号双向聚焦摇摆器设计是成功的；从功放结果分析，磁控管输入摇摆器的ＴＥＯ１模的功率约为５０Ｗ，并对下一轮实验提出了改进意见。     

自由电子激光振荡器的二维数值模拟

在柱二维坐标系中,用数值计算方法求解了摇摆器内电子模拟方程组、光场方程组和无源区(不含摇摆器区)经非自适应方法变换后的无源旁轴波动方程并设计了相应的程序R_2D。用该程序计算的数值结果表明,在有源条件下二维数值模拟结果与高斯光束近似下的数值模拟结果符合较好;取完全相同的计算条件R-2D程序与洛斯阿拉莫斯实验室(LANL)的FELEX程序的计算结果符合较好;初步认为LANL实验数据的物理图象合理,数值结果基本可信;最后给出北京自由电子激光器(BFEL)的一些物理数据。     

自由电子激光振荡器的三维数值模拟

仔细地考查了与三维自由电子激光振荡器物理方程组相应的３－Ⅰ程序的可靠性。在此基础上使用该程序计算、分析了在电子束与光束同轴条件下，当电子束参数如能散度、发射度、束流等参量改变时三维自由电子激光的一些基本规律。     

曙光一号自由电子激光器(FEL)电子束发射度的分析

对曙光一号自由电子激光装置电子束发射度的测量值进行了深入的分析。严格地计算了不同发射度的束流在摇摆器内的传输,计算了发射度对激光功率的影响。由此得出,曙光一号自由电子激光器可以省去9米长的束流选择段。     

100微米自由电子激光研究进展

自由电子激光器（FEL）是一种将相对论性电子的动能变换成电磁辐射的装置。电子束和电磁波沿摇摆器在同一直线上传输，摇摆器使电子产生横向的速度分量，实现电子和辐射场之间的能量交换。从电子束抽取的动能转换成电磁辐射，辐射的波长决定于电子束的能量和摇摆器参数。FEL具有波长连续可调、可获得高功率和光束品质好等优点，在军事上和基础科学研究中有很好的应用前景，美国、日本以及一些欧洲国家对自由电子激光的研究极为重视，并得到了很好的成果。2004年7月美国的JLAB实验室获得了10kW的自由电子激光，使人们对自由电子激光在激光武器中的定位进行了重新思考，从而掀起了又一轮世界范围内的自由电子激光研究热潮。     

能量啁啾电子束自由电子激光放大啁啾脉冲

 提出采用具有能量啁啾电子束的自由电子激光放大器放大啁啾脉冲,分析说明了它的工作机理和滑移现象对其的影响。采用研制的1维非定态程序GOFEL-P,对能量啁啾自由电子激光放大器放大啁啾脉冲的过程进行了数值模拟和分析,计算了不同啁啾参数的脉冲被放大后的腔外压缩情况。结果表明：与单能电子束时相比,能量啁啾自由电子激光可以放大具有更大啁啾参数的啁啾脉冲,使压缩后的脉冲峰值功率增大至568 GW,脉冲宽度缩短至2.29 fs,大幅增强自由电子激光放大啁啾脉冲以及腔外压缩脉冲的效果。     

自由电子激光振荡器的三维数值模拟

仔细地考查了与三维自由电子激光振荡器物理方程组相应的３－Ⅰ程序的可靠性。在此基础上使用该程序计算、分析了在电子束与光束同轴条件下，当电子束参数如能散度、发射度、束流等参量改变时三维自由电子激光的一些基本规律。     

磁场逐渐增强的摇摆器

研究了用磁场增强摇摆器来提高自由电子激光器效率的机制．采用KMR方程，考虑空间电荷效应，模拟计算发现自由电子激光器的效率有了很大的提高，而且电子束能散度越大，对提高自由电子激光器效率越有帮助．因此采用磁场增强摇摆器能充分利用加速器的能量来莸得更高的自由电子激光器能量 关键词：     

Three-dimensional simulation analysis of a 3 cm wavelengthfree-electron laser afterburner

We have simulated a 3 cm wavelength free-electron laser afterburner (FEL Afterburner) using two sets of parameters: one is for a 3-cm period wiggler and the other is for a 5.4 cm period wiggler. For the 3 cm period wiggler, the input beam energy is 112.5 keV, and for the 5.3 cm period wiggler the beam energy is increased to 290 keV to make the FEL Afterburner operate at the same frequency. It is found, from the simulations, that the FEL Afterburner with a longer period wiggler has a higher power conversion efficiency: larger than 16% $ for the 5.4 cm wiggler while only about 9% for the 3 cm wiggler. It is also shown that to enhance the interaction efficiency in the slow wave cavity, the slow wave number should be a little larger than the sum of the fast wave number and the wiggler wave number     

高平均功率FEL的标度律

 讨论了设计高平均功率康普顿型自由电子激光（FEL）装置的基本思路与相关的标度律。强调了除电子束平均流强外，能量抽取率是装置实现高平均功率的决定性因素。这个量的标度律基本上由摇摆器参数（周期数）单独确定，与摇摆器周期长度和强度无关，与激光波长无关。指出如无能量回收系统，按目前光阴极电子枪+超导射频加速结构装置可预期的电子束团100 pC/bunch，平均电流为mA情况下，15MeV电子束能给出的激光平均输出功率为百瓦量级。     

Electric-Wiggler-Enhanced Three-Quantum Scattering and the Output Power Affected by this Scattering in a Free-Electron Laser

We derive the cross section of scattering through the three-quantum interaction of an electron with the incident laser field, the emitted photon, and an axial electrostatic field produced by the magnetic wiggler in the magnetic wiggler acting as the sole zeroth-order perturbing classical field in the first free-electron laser （FEL）. In the derivation, we apply quantum-wiggler electrodynamics （QWD）. We find that this scattering predominates the usual two-quantum scattering. The output power of spontaneous free-electron two-quantum Stark emission driven by the above electrostatic field attenuated by the three-quantum scattering agrees within a factor of 10 with the measured power in the case of the first FEL.     

A high-power millimeter-wave sheet beam free-electron laseramplifier

The results of experiments with a short period (9.6 mm) wiggler sheet electron beam (1.0 mm×2.0 cm) millimeter-wave free electron laser (FEL) amplifier are presented. This FEL amplifier utilized a strong wiggler field for sheet beam confinement in the narrow beam dimension and an offset-pole side-focusing technique for the wide dimension beam confinement. The beam analysis herein includes finite emittance and space-charge effects. High-current beam propagation was achieved as a result of extensive analytical studies and experimental optimization. A design optimization resulted in a low sensitivity to structure errors and beam velocity spread, as well as a low required beam energy. A maximum gain of 24 dB was achieved with a 1-kW injected signal power at 86 GHz, a 450-kV beam voltage, 17-A beam current, 3.8-kG wiggler magnetic field, and a 74-period wiggler length. The maximum gain with a one-watt injected millimeter-wave power was observed to be over 30 dB. The lower gain at higher injection power level indicates that the device has approached saturation. The device was studied over a broad range or experimental parameters. The experimental results have a good agreement with expectations from a one-dimensional simulation code. The successful operation of this device has proven the feasibility of the original concept and demonstrated the advantages of the sheet beam FEL amplifier. The results of the studies will provide guidelines for the future development of sheet beam FELs and/or other kinds of sheet beam devices     

毫米波自由电子激光的数值模拟和实验的比较

从波导管毫米波自由电子激光器的设计要求出发,根据Livermore实验室FRED程序的物理思想,编制了空间三维的数值模拟程序(WAGFEL)。为了检验程序的可靠程度,结合ELF装置的实际参数,进行了数值模拟并和实验结果进行了比较。结果表明,把Wiggler磁场B_w增大300 Gs后,WAGFEL程序的模拟结果和Livermore实验室的实验结果基本符合。模拟使用的全部参数,除B_w增大300Gs外,都是ELF的实际参数。模拟时峰值磁场B_w=4050Gs,实验测量峰值磁场B_w=3720Gs,相差在8％左右。WAGFEL程序可以用来从事毫米波自由电子激光器的设计以及基本物理问题的研究。     

Development of FEL and SASE in the far-infrared region at ISIR, Osaka University

Free electron laser (FEL) and self-amplified spontaneous emission (SASE) are being developed in the far-infrared region using the L-band electron linac at the Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (ISIR), Osaka University. The L-band linac was recently remodeled extensively not only for higher operational stability and reproducibility but also for high power operation of FEL. After commissioning of the linac, we first began SASE experiment with a newly-developed strong-focusing wiggler. Recently we began FEL experiment and obtained lasing with the high peak power at 70 μm again after a long break.     

Three-dimensional simulation of long-wavelength free-electron lasers with helical wiggler and ion-channel guiding

A three-dimensional simulation of a steady-state amplifier model of a long-wavelength free-electron laser (FEL) with realizable helical wiggler and ion-channel guiding is presented. The set of coupled nonlinear differential equations for electron orbits and fields of TE 11 mode in a cylindrical waveguide are solved numerically by the Runge-Kutta algorithm with averages calculated by the Gaussian quadrature technique. Self-fields and space-charge effects are neglected, and the electron beam is assumed to be cold and slippage is ignored. The parameters correspond to the Compton regime. Evolution of the radiation power and growth rate along the wiggler is studied. Ion-channel density is chosen to obtain optimum efficiency. Simulations are preformed for the FEL operating in the neighborhood of 35 GHz and 16.5 GHz for the electron beam energies of 250 keV and 400 keV, respectively. The result of the saturated efficiency was found to be in good agreement with the simple estimation based on the phase-trapping model.