红外低发射率隐身涂层对太赫兹波的反射光谱研究

为研究红外低发射率隐身涂层对太赫兹波的反射特性,制备了红外低发射率隐身涂料,测试了其可见光效果、红外热像图及红外发射率等特性参数。以土黄色红外低发射率涂料为测试样品,利用透射式太赫兹时域光谱系统获得了样品在太赫兹波段的复折射率。分析了特征矩阵理论,并利用特征矩阵理论计算了涂层厚度(0.3~0.5 mm）与入射角度(0°~60°)的变化对入射太赫兹波反射特性的影响。结果表明,在相应厚度及入射角度范围内,太赫兹波在0.8 THz频率下具有多个反射峰值,最高值可达90%以上,有利于实现太赫兹波对红外低发射率隐身涂层下金属目标的探测。此外,涂层厚度变化对入射太赫兹波反射率具有较大影响,涂层越厚,太赫兹波的反射振荡越多,反射峰值越大。入射角度对太赫兹波的反射特性具有一定的影响,但整体影响不大,有利于太赫兹波实现多角度目标的探测。最后,以表面均匀涂覆0.42 mm厚涂料的金属板为测试样品,实验测量了样品在0.1~1.5 THz频率范围内的反射特性,并与部分理论计算结果进行对比。结果表明：实验测量结果与理论计算结果在数值和趋势上较为吻合,但也存在一定的偏差。究其原因,主要由样品厚度和样品参数误差导致,但依然可利用特征矩阵理论研究红外低发射率涂层对太赫兹波的反射光谱特性。     

热致变色材料的吸收控制研究

(La1-xSrx)MnO3型热致变色材料是一种新型热致发射率变化功能材料,该材料的最大不足在于对太阳辐射具有很大的吸收率.针对以上问题,本文将一维微结构光谱控制特性应用于(La1-xSrx)MnO3型热致变色材料的吸收控制研究,根据太阳辐射能量分布及热致变色材料的应用温度,分析了一维微结构与热致变色材料的匹配特性,确定了一维微结构的光谱特性及其带宽.采用遗传算法优化设计了一维微结构,计算了优化结构的光谱特性,根据其光谱特性分别评估和计算了吸收控制性能和发射率变化特性,并进行了深入分析.     

激光作用下环氧/硅树脂复合涂层的1.3μm反射特性研究

利用共轭反射计装置,开展了真空环境中激光作用下环氧/硅树脂双层结构复合涂层的1.3μm反射特性研究,测量得到了涂层反射率随样品背表面温度的变化曲线。通过有限元分析和界面热阻修正得到了反射率随涂层温度的变化关系,探讨了反射率随温度的变化机理。研究结果表明,红外连续激光损伤环氧/硅树脂复合涂层,主要表现为底漆热解引发的鼓包分层和面漆热解导致的烧蚀变色;常温下涂层对1.3μm激光的反射率约为0.80,激光辐照初始时变化不明显,鼓包前后出现波动,测量区涂层鼓包、烧蚀后反射率显著下降,最终保持在一个相对较低值;反射率变化与涂层热解过程、损伤方式密切相关,涂层对1.3μm激光的反射率变化存在3个特征温度,分别对应底漆热解、面漆热解和表面状态趋于稳定时的温度。     

一种基于光子晶体的远红外与10.6μm激光兼容伪装材料的设计与制备

现代探测系统由单一工作模式到复合工作模式的转变,对伪装材料的光谱特性提出了某些特殊要求.作为一种新型人工结构功能材料,光子晶体基于光子禁带的高反射特性可以实现热红外伪装.设计了一种基于一维掺杂光子晶体的远红外与激光兼容伪装材料,利用薄膜光学理论的特征矩阵法计算了透射光谱.制备的样品经测试,与理论曲线相吻合.结果表明,利...     

分层化金属陶瓷光热转换涂层的微结构构筑与热稳定性

针对金属陶瓷基光热转换涂层高温热稳定性不足的核心问题,提出构筑吸光纳米颗粒分层化结构来替代传统金属陶瓷涂层中纳米颗粒随机分布的结构,这不仅可以抑制高温下涂层中纳米颗粒的团聚和长大,而且能够增强涂层与太阳光的交互作用,达到热稳定性和选择吸收性能的同步提升.基于此思想,本文设计并制备了Cr/AlCrN/AlCrON/AlCrO多层金属陶瓷光热转换涂层,对其微结构、光学性能和热稳定性进行了详细的研究.研究结果表明,沉积态涂层的吸收率达到了0.903,发射率为0.18.3,而且在500℃、大气环境下退火1000 h后,涂层的吸收率竟提高至0.913,发射率也仅有0.199,表现出良好的光谱选择吸收性和优异的高温热稳定性.微观组织分析发现,在AlCrON吸收层内形成了AlN,Cr₂N纳米颗粒嵌于非晶陶瓷电介质基体的稳定双相复合结构,并且AlN,Cr₂N纳米颗粒呈分层化规则排列.时域有限差分(FDTD)模拟表明,纳米粒子的分层化分布可以将光子囚禁在AlCrON层内,从而增强太阳光和涂层的作用时间和强度,有助于提升涂层对太阳光的吸收,而且退火过程中纳米颗粒...     

含片状金属粒子复合涂层辐射特性研究

含金属片状粒子复合涂层的涂料通常是由粘结剂(树脂类材料)、金属颗粒和其他功能助剂组成,广泛的应用于能源、建筑、航空航天和军事等诸多领域。将复合涂料涂覆于目标物体表面所形成的涂层,可实现光谱选择性调控的功能。目前的理论计算模型,主要是基于几何光学理论、经典K-M理论以及有效介质理论,大部分工作集中在含球形颗粒涂层的研究.本文将基于几何光学理论,使用蒙特卡洛射线追踪(MCRT)模型,研究片状平行随机分布铝颗粒及丙烯酸树脂复合涂层的光谱辐射特性,分析了粒子的体积分数、粒子尺寸参数对涂层光谱发射率的影响。     

一维金属/介质光子晶体透射特性分析

阐述了一维金属/介质光子晶体的概念,采用时域有限差分法研究了不同金属等离子体频率和碰撞频率对一维金属/介质光子晶体透射特性的影响。计算结果表明,一维金属/介质光子晶体具有在可见光波段透明,在紫外波段以及红外至微波波段不透明的特性。对于结构相同的金属光子晶体,金属等离子体频率越低,金属光子晶体在可见光波段的透射允带就越宽,透射率越高,而金属的碰撞频率对透射允带没有显著的影响。     

一维Au/MgF2光子晶体的透射性质

理论上研究了一维金属/电介质光子晶体的透射率性质,用传输矩阵方法数值计算了Au/MgF2光子带隙晶体的透射率．发现周期性结构产生的透射共振会大幅度增加光通过层状金属的透射率．通过调节一维Au/MgF2光子晶体中金和氟化镁的厚度以及周期数,得到了可见波段的高透射允带,透射率在0.4以上,而对于可见波段以外的频率几乎是完全不能传输的．这种结构在保持了高透射率的前提下还具有金属的优点,这在传感器、护目装置、反射窗、液晶显示等诸多领域都有很大的实用价值．     

一维光子晶体光谱控制实验研究

光子晶体的禁带特性为伪装材料的光谱控制研究提供了一条新的技术途径。利用传输矩阵的方法建立了一维光子晶体光谱透射、反射的理论模型,针对伪装材料近红外高反射、中远红外低发射的要求,优选Ag,MgF2和ZnS等材料作为光子晶体的薄膜材料,采用真空蒸发镀膜的方法制备出Ag/MgF2,Ag/MgF2/ZnS 4种不同周期结构的一维光子晶体,并实验研究了一维光子晶体的光谱反射和透过特性。结果表明:材料和周期结构对一维光子晶体光谱特性有不同的影响,通过优化设计可以实现在伪装波段内的光谱特性要求。     

基于一维光子晶体的新型背反射器及其在非晶硅薄膜太阳电池中的应用

本文研究制备一种由低折射率的SiOx层与高折射率的a-Si层周期性交叠构成的新型一维光子晶体(1D PC)背反射器.研究结果表明,随着SiOx/a-Si交叠周期数的增加,一维光子晶体的反射率逐步提高.当周期数大于3时,在空气中500—750 nm波长范围的平均反射率达到96%.将该一维光子晶体作为背反射器应用于NIP型非晶硅电池(电池结构为玻璃/1D PC/AZO/NIP a-Si:H/ITO),当光子晶体周期为4时,效率达到7.9%,略优于传统的AZO/Ag背反射电极结构电池(7.7%),明显高于不锈钢衬底电池(6.9%),相对效率提升14.5%.     

Low infrared emissivity of polyurethane/Cu composite coatings

Polyurethane/Cu composite coatings with low infrared emissivity near to 0.10 at the wavelength of 8-14 μm were prepared by a simple and convenient process. The influences of the content of Cu powder, surface roughness, coating thickness and temperature on infrared emissivity of the coatings were systematically investigated. The results indicated that the emissivity decreases significantly with increasing content of Cu powder and coating thickness. The coatings with smooth surface exhibit lower emissivity values than those with rough coatings. Moreover, we found the relationship between the emissivity of coatings and temperature presents a “U” type, and the emissivity reaches to the minimum at about 380 K. The mechanisms of low emissivity were proposed by optical theories, which are found to be in a good agreement with the experimental results.     

The epoxy-siloxane/Al composite coatings with low infrared emissivity for high temperature applications

Low infrared emissivity coatings with good thermal resistance were prepared by using epoxy-siloxane and aluminum as adhesive and pigment, respectively. The influence of chemical composition, surface texture, roughness and thickness on the infrared emissivity was systematically investigated. The detailed results of experimental investigation indicate that the cured composite coatings could possess low emissivity value. Due to reducing infrared absorption and forming uniform and compact char construction, the infrared emissivity decreases obviously. Both the surface roughness and thickness have a critical value, respectively. Too large roughness or thickness would not contribute to the decrease of the emissivity. Moreover, the composite coatings were tested for thermal stability in air to explore the effect of high-temperature environment on the emissivity. The results indicate that the composite coatings, still possessing low emissivity after the test, exhibit favorable thermal ageing and thermal shock resistance.     

Comparison of anti-corrosion properties of polyurethane based composite coatings with low infrared emissivity

Four polyurethane resins, pure polyurethane (PU), epoxy modified polyurethane (EPU), fluorinated polyurethane (FPU) and epoxy modified fluorinated polyurethane (EFPU), with similar polyurethane backbone structure but different grafting group were used as organic adhesive for preparing low infrared emissivity coatings with an extremely low emissivity near 0.10 at 8-14 μm, respectively. By using these four resins, the effect of different resin matrics on the corrosion protection of the low infrared emissivity coatings was investigated in detail by using neutral salt spray test, SEM and FTIR. It was found that the emissivity of the coatings with different resin matrics changes significantly in corrosion media. And the results indicated that the coating using EFPU as organic adhesive exhibited excellent corrosion resistance property which was mainly attributed to the presence of epoxy group and atomic fluorine in binder simultaneously.     

Synthesis, characterization and infrared emissivity study of polyurethane/TiO2 nanocomposites

In this study, polyurethane/titania (PU/TiO₂) nanocomposites were prepared in ultrasonic process and characterized by fourier transform IR spectroscopy (FT-IR), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and infrared emissivity analysis. The TEM and SEM results indicated that the nanoparticles were dispersed homogeneously in PU matrix on nanoscale. TGA-DSC confirmed that the heat stability of the composite was improved. Infrared emissivity study showed that the nanocomposite possessed lower emissivity value than those values of pure polymer and nanoparticles.     

Plasma sprayed Al2O3/FeCrAl composite coatings for electromagnetic wave absorption application

Al₂O₃/FeCrAl composite coatings were fabricated by atmosphere plasma spraying technique. Microstructure and dielectric properties in the frequency range from 8.2 to 12.4 GHz were investigated. The microstructure of composite coatings shows a uniform dispersion of metal particles with litter pores and microcracks in the composite coatings. The relaxation polarization and interfacial polarization in the coatings would contribute to enhance ?′ with rising FeCrAl content, and the associated loss could be considered as a dominating factor enhancing ?″. By calculating the microwave-absorption as a single-layer absorber, for the composite coatings with 41 wt.% FeCrAl content, the reflection loss values exceeding −10 dB are achieved in the frequency range of 9.1-10.6 GHz when the coating thickness is 1.3 mm.     

The synthesis and characterization of Al/Co3O4 magnetic composite pigments with low infrared emissivity and low lightness

The main challenge of low infrared emissivity coatings based on aluminum flake lies in finding an efficient method to synthesize the composite pigment with low infrared emissivity and low lightness simultaneously. In this work, we overcome this constraint to some extent, synthesizing a novel Al/Co₃O₄ magnetic composite pigments with low infrared emissivity and low lightness by thermal cracking and hot flowing method. The results show that the covering area of Co₃O₄ on the aluminum flake can be tuned by the amount of CoCO₃ adding in precursor and the reaction temperature of hot flowing, both of which pay a key factor on the VIS and IR spectral reflectance and magnetic properties. The magnetic Al/Co₃O₄ composite pigments with low lightness and low infrared emissivity can be obtained at 130 °C for 24 h in hot flowing liquid. The lightness L¹ can be decreased to 69.2, however the infrared emissivity (8–14 μm) is also low to 0.45. Compared with the single Al flakes, Al/Co₃O₄ magnetic composite pigments present stronger magnetic properties. Therefore, the Al/Co₃O₄ magnetic composite pigments have offered new choice for the pigments of low infrared emissivity coatings.     

Influence of FeSO4 concentration on thermal emissivity of coatings formed on titanium alloy by micro-arc oxidation

Ceramic coatings with high emission were fabricated on Ti6Al4V alloy by microarc oxidation (MAO) with additive FeSO₄ into the electrolyte. The microstructure, chemical composition and chemical state of the coatings were determined by SEM, XRD, EDS and XPS, respectively. The bonding strength between the coating and substrate was studied by tensile strength test, together with the thermal shock resistance of the coating. The results showed that Fe content in the coating layer significantly affect its thermal emissivity. The relative content of Fe in the coatings surface increased at first and then decreased with increasing the concentration of FeSO₄ in electrolytes, so does the emissivity of the coatings. The bonding strength became weaker with increasing the concentration of FeSO₄. In addition, the coating remains stable over 40 cycles of thermal shocking. The coating formed at 3 g/L FeSO₄ demonstrates the highest an average spectral emissivity value around of 0.87, and bonding strength higher than 33 MPa.     

一种新型红外低目标特征材料

现代探测系统由单一工作模式到复合工作模式的转变,对低目标特征材料的光谱特性提出了某些特殊要求。在文章中,基于一维掺杂光子晶体,设计了一种新型红外低目标特征材料,并研究了其复合结构对反射光谱的影响。发现在一定条件下,可以在反射光谱中的一个宽的高反射率波段内形成局部的狭窄低反射率区,从而为新型红外功能材料的研制提供了参考。