Affine Invariant Detection: Edge Maps, Anisotropic Diffusion, and Active Contours

In this paper we undertake a systematic investigation of affine invariant object detection and image denoising. Edge detection is first presented from the point of view of the affine invariant scale-space obtained by curvature based motion of the image level-sets. In this case, affine invariant maps are derived as a weighted difference of images at different scales. We then introduce the affine gradient as an affine invariant differential function of lowest possible order with qualitative behavior similar to the Euclidean gradient magnitude. These edge detectors are the basis for the extension of the affine invariant scale-space to a complete affine flow for image denoising and simplification, and to define affine invariant active contours for object detection and edge integration. The active contours are obtained as a gradient flow in a conformally Euclidean space defined by the image on which the object is to be detected. That is, we show that objects can be segmented in an affine invariant manner by computing a path of minimal weighted affine distance, the weight being given by functions of the affine edge detectors. The gradient path is computed via an algorithm which allows to simultaneously detect any number of objects independently of the initial curve topology. Based on the same theory of affine invariant gradient flows we show that the affine geometric heat flow is minimizing, in an affine invariant form, the area enclosed by the curve.     

Euclidean Complete Affine Surfaces with Constant Affine Mean Curvature

The purpose of this paper is to prove that alocally strongly convex, Euclidean complete surface with constantaffine mean curvature is also affine complete. Consequently weobtain a classification of locally strongly convex, Euclideancomplete surfaces with constant affine mean curvature.     

An Extremal Class of Three-Dimensional Hyperbolic Affine Spheres

In analogy to an inequality of Chen [2], Scharlach and co-workers [7] have found a new, optimal inequality for (equi-) affine spheres. We classify those three-dimensional hyperbolic affine spheres for which the corresponding equality is assumed. This complements the classification of the elliptic case [3].     

Affine Isometric Embedding for Surfaces

A strictly convex hypersurface in Rn can be endowed with a Riemannian metric in a way that is invariant under the group of (equi)affine motions. We study the corresponding isometric embedding problem for surfaces in R3. This problem is formulated in terms of a quasilinear elliptic system of PDE for the Pick form. A negative result is obtained by attempting to invert about the standard embedding of the round sphere as an ellipsoid.     

伪仿射对偶框架

对于给定冗余的仿射框架X（Ф）={Ф1,…,ФL）,存在对偶Y（ψ）={ψ1,…,ψL）,这个对偶可能不是仿射框架,因为它不满足Bessel条件．这样的对偶我们称为伪仿射对偶,并给出伪仿射对偶框架的一种构造公式．     

Jacobi Structures on Affine Bundles

Abstract We study affine Jacobi structures （brackets） on an affine bundle π ： A → M, i.e. Jacobi brackets that close on affine functions. We prove that if the rank of A is non-zero, there is a one-toone correspondence between affine Jacobi structures on A and Lie algebroid structures on the vector bundle A^＋ = ∪p∈M Aff（Ap, R） of affine functionals. In the case rank A = 0, it is shown that there is a one-to-one correspondence between affine Jacobi structures on A and local Lie algebras on A^＋. Some examples and applications, also for the linear case, are discussed. For a special type of affine Jacobi structures which are canonically exhibited （strongly-affine or affine-homogeneous Jacobi structures） over a real vector space of finite dimension, we describe the leaves of its characteristic foliation as the orbits of an affine representation. These affine Jacobi structures can be viewed as an analog of the Kostant-Arnold-Liouville linear Poisson structure on the dual space of a real finite-dimensional Lie algebra.     

On Affine Normal Forms and a Classification of Homogeneous Surfaces in Affine Three-Space

We classify homogeneous surfaces in real and complex affine three-space. This is achieved by choosing affine coordinates so that the surface is defined by a function whose Taylor series is in a preferred normal form.     

Affine planar geodesic immersions with maximal codimension

This work gives a classification theorem for affine immersions with planar geodesics in the case where the codimension is maximal. Vrancken classified parallel affine immersions in this case and obtained, among others, generalized Veronese submanifolds. In this work it is shown that the immersions with planar geodesics are the same as the parallel ones in the considered case. A geometric interpretation of parallel immersions is also given： The affine immersions with pointwise planar normal sections （with respect to the equiaffine transversal bundle） are parallel. This result is verified for surfaces in R4 and for immersions with the maximal codimension.     

仿射几何在轴测投影中的应用

本文利用仿射几何学建立起一套仿射理论，进而阐明轴测投的数学原理。     

Affine interval exchange transformation without an isometric model

Contrary to the case of interval exchange transformation, we show that generalized affine interval exchange transformation (affine GIET), with or without flips and admitting dense orbits, may not be conjugated to an isometric GIET. This result is proved by constructing explicitly one such affine GIET. The author was partially supported by FAPESP – Proj. Tematico No. 03/03107-9.     

胞腔代数和仿射胞腔代数简介

表示论中一个最基本的问题是确定不可约表示的参数集,这个问题至今没有完全解决.对于Graham和Lehrer引入的有限维胞腔代数,这个问题得到了完满解答,并被成功地应用于数学和物理中出现的许多代数.近来,人们引入仿射胞腔代数,将Graham和Lehrer有限维胞腔代数的表示理论框架推广到一类无限维代数上.仿射胞腔代数不仅包括有限维胞腔代数,也包括无限维的仿射Temperley-Lieb代数和Lusztig的A-型仿射Hecke代数.本文将对胞腔代数的发展历史和主要研究成果做一些综述,同时,对新引入的仿射胞腔代数及其最新成果做一点简介.     

Gluing Affine 2-Manifolds with Polygons

Affine structures on surfaces are constructed by gluing polygons. The geometry of the affine surface depends on the shape of the polygon(s) and the particular gluing transformations used. The affine version of the Poincaré fundamental polygon theorem expresses the fundamental group and holonomy of the surface in terms of the gluing data. The theorem may be used to construct all complete affine structures on the 2-torus. The space of inequivalent holonomy representations of such structures is homeomorphic to R2.     

Affine Poisson structures

We establish a one-to-one correspondence between the set of all equivalence classes of affine Poisson structures (defined on the dual of a finite dimensional Lie algebra) and the set of all equivalence classes of central extensions of the Lie algebra by ℝ. We characterize all the affine Poisson structures defined on the duals of some lower dimensional Lie algebras. It is shown that under a certain condition every Poisson structure locally looks like an affine Poisson structure. As an application, we show the role played by affine Poisson structures in mechanics. Finally, we prove some involution theorems.     

Affine Planes and Flag Linear Spaces

This paper deals with the construction of the flag linear space determined by any affine plane.     

仿射酉群作用下的面轨道生成的格

设AUG(n,Fq2)是Fq2上的n维仿射酉空间,AUn(Fq2)是Fq2上的n次仿射酉群,设M(m,r)是AUn(Fq2)作用下的(m,r)面的轨道.用L(m,r)表示M(m,r)中面的交生成的集合.讨论了各轨道生成的集合之间的包含关系,一个面属于M(m,r)生成的集合的条件,以及L(m,r)是几何格的充要条件.     

The Core of a Locally Extended Affine Lie Algebra

Locally extended affine Lie algebras are a general version of extended affine Lie algebras. In this article, we completely describe the structure of the core of a locally extended affine Lie algebra. We prove that the core of a locally extended affine Lie algebra is a direct limit of Lie tori.     

Universal Affine Classification of Boolean Functions

In this paper we advance a practical solution of the classification problem of Boolean functions by the affine group – the largest group of linear transformations of variables. We show that the affine types (equivalence classes) can be arranged in a unique infinite sequence which contains all previous lists of types. The types are specified by their minimal representatives, spectral invariants, and stabilizer orders. A brief survey of the fundamental transformation groups is included.     

仿射辛群作用下的面轨道生成的格

设ASU(2v,F_q)是F_q上的2v维仿射辛空间,ASp_(2v)(F_q)是F_q上的2v次仿射辛群,设M(m,s)是ASp_(2v)(F_q)作用下的(m,s)面的轨道,用L(m,s)表示M(m,s)中面的交生成的集合.讨论了各轨道生成的集合之间的包含关系,一个面是由给定M(m,s)生成的集合中的一个元素的条件,以及L(m,s)何时做成几何格.     

Affine,quasi‐affine and co‐affine frames on local fields of positive characteristic

The concept of quasi‐affine frame in Euclidean spaces was introduced to obtain translation invariance of the discrete wavelet transform. We extend this concept to a local field K of positive characteristic. We show that the affine system generated by a finite number of functions is an affine frame if and only if the corresponding quasi‐affine system is a quasi‐affine frame. In such a case the exact frame bounds are equal. This result is obtained by using the properties of an operator associated with two such affine systems. We characterize the translation invariance of such an operator. A related concept is that of co‐affine system. We show that there do not exist any co‐affine frame in .     

Lie Brackets on Affine Bundles

Natural affine analogs of Lie brackets on affine bundles are studied.In particular, a close relation to Lie algebroids and a duality withcertain affine analog of Poisson structure is established as well asaffine versions of complete lifts and Cartan exterior calculi.