白云鄂博超大型稀土—铁—铌矿床矿物学研究

白云鄂博是当今世界上已知特大型稀土铁铌多金属矿床,矿物种类繁多,成矿条件复杂。矿床赋存于元古界下部的硅质、泥质和碳酸岩质地层中,成矿作用与古生代的岩浆活动和伴随而来的钠氟热液和矿化剂的强烈交代有关,形成特殊的矿物组合。研究这些矿物和矿物共生组合,极大地丰富了矿物学理论,对于矿物的综合利用,具有重要的实际意义。     

白云鄂博铁-稀土矿床的物质来源和成因理论问题

白云鄂博铁矿和稀土矿的物质来源迥异,具有壳源和幔源成矿作用的二重性。原生工业铁矿为表生沉积矿床。稀土矿是叠加于铁矿的地幔流体交代矿床,其形成和产出受大陆热点的控制。矿区白云岩属正常沉积的碳酸盐岩,它的碳、氧同位素组成排除了与国外岩浆碳酸岩对比的可能性。单矿物Sm-Nd等时线年龄显示稀土矿具有早-中元古代(1700±480Ma)和加里东(424—402 Ma)2次成矿高峰期。     

皖南西坑Ag—Pb—Zn矿床烯土元素地球化学研究

对比研究了皖南西坑银多金属矿床中赋矿围岩蓝田组地层、成矿有关的花岗岩、矿石、矿床蚀变岩等地质体的稀土元素化学特征,借以示踪成矿物来源。结果表明,西坑银多金属矿床成矿热液、成矿物质主要来源于花岗岩浆作用,成矿热液和富碳酸盐岩地层水岩反应使蚀变岩相对富集重稀土。     

丁家山铅锌矿床稀土元素地球化学特征研究

丁家山铅锌矿矿床的成因复杂,主要存在矽卡岩型与块状硫化物型两种争议。尝试从稀土元素地球化学的角度对其成因进行重新探讨。结果表明:矿床的主要矿源层为元古代龙北溪组上段大理岩地层,而非中新元古代东岩组绿片岩地层;所谓的"绿片岩"为燕山期中酸性岩浆侵入体与经过区域变质的钙质泥岩、钙质粉砂质泥岩、钙质泥质粉砂岩和泥灰岩发生双交代作用所形成的矽卡岩,而非绿片岩相遭受区域变质;成矿流体主要来源于大理岩地层,少量来自岩体,而非多来源;成矿时代为燕山期,故矿床成因应为矽卡岩型。     

皖南西坑Ag-Pb-Zn矿床稀土元素地球化学研究

对比研究了皖南西坑银多金属矿床中赋矿围岩蓝田组地层、成矿有关的花岗岩、矿石、矿床蚀变岩等地质体的稀土元素地球化学特征 ,借以示踪成矿物质来源。结果表明 ,西坑银多金属矿床成矿热液、成矿物质主要来源于花岗岩浆作用 ,成矿热液和富碳酸盐岩地层水岩反应使蚀变岩相对富集重稀土。     

滇西北北衙金多金属矿床稀土元素地球化学

北衙金多金属矿床是三江特提斯成矿域中喜马拉雅期斑岩-矽卡岩型矿床的典型代表。对该矿床钾质斑岩、蚀变斑岩、斑岩型矿石、矽卡岩、矽卡岩矿石、灰岩内热液脉型矿石、蚀变灰岩到灰岩的稀土元素进行了系统的分析测试。结果表明:斑岩型铜金矿石的稀土配分模式为轻稀土富集的右倾型,具Eu弱的负异常,总体继承钾质斑岩体稀土元素特征,成矿流体主要为岩浆热液。矽卡岩稀土配分模式变化较大,可分为三种类型:直线型稀土配分模式、折线型稀土配分模式及平坦型稀土配分模式,其中折线形稀土配分模式呈现Eu正异常。本区矽卡岩属接触交代成因,稀土配分模式的特征与变化特征说明矽卡岩型铁金矿石主要形成于矽卡岩化后期,成矿环境总体上为水-岩比值较大的高温氧化环境。灰岩内热液脉型矿石稀土配分模式为轻稀土富集的右倾型,具Eu正异常,表明热液型矿石形成于较为开放的氧化环境,大气降水与岩浆热液的混合是矿石沉淀的主要机制。北衙金多金属矿床的矿石稀土元素配分曲线变化较大、类型多样,充分显示了成矿流体的多来源和多阶段成矿特征。为北衙矿区成矿作用过程与机制研究提供了稀土元素方面的证据。     

马坑铁矿——一个海相火山热液-沉积型矿床

本文通过对马坑铁矿床产出地质环境、产状特征、原生矿石类型及其结构构造的研究,阐明了该矿床属同生沉积成因,矽卡岩只是成矿后的热液迭加。并根据地质测温、矿石物质组分及成矿过程锰、铁分离等地球化学特征,论证了马坑铁矿为火山热液-沉积矿床。稳定同位素研究证明了成矿热流体为“岩浆水”与海水的混合。     

中国沉积-改造铅锌矿床

本文主要阐述了我国沉积-改造型层控铅锌矿床的地质特征,铅、硫、氢、氧稳定同位素的组成,改造热液的物理化学性质及其来源,Pb、Zn元素的活化迁移和沉淀的实验研究,矿床的成矿规律等。认为矿床的形成首先是成矿物质与含矿岩系同生沉积,又受后期地质作用影响而被改造及进一步富集成矿。整个成矿过程与岩浆活动没有明显联系。     

安徽安庆铜矿床稀土元素地球化学研究

对比研究了安微安庆铜矿床中矿石、矽卡岩、闪长岩及地层的稀土元素地球化学特征，借以示踪成矿物质来源，并通过模拟平衡热液稀土元素的模型探讨了成矿热液流体的来源。结果表明，安庆矽卡岩型铜矿作用过程中稀土元素有较强的活动性，成矿物质来源于闪长岩体，成矿热液流体来源于闪长质熔体。     

河南省董家埝银矿稀土元素地球化学特征及地质意义

为研究董家埝银矿稀土元素组成特征及其地质意义,对矿区岩浆岩、地层、构造角砾岩、蚀变岩及银矿石等的稀土元素进行了ICP-MS分析测试。从沉积岩系→片麻岩→构造角砾岩→小河花岗岩→银矿石→蚀变花岗质碎裂岩→闪长岩、辉绿岩,ΣREE逐渐增加,显示了成矿流体对岩浆岩、地层的淋滤改造作用。各类岩矿石的Y/Ho比值均与球粒陨石接近,且在La/Ho-Y/Ho图解上呈近水平分布,表明它们之间具有同源性,存在一定的成因联系。银矿石的稀土元素可分为两组:一组表现为Eu正异常和Ce负异常,反映了原始成矿热液稀土元素特征,指示成矿流体有具相对高温和相对还原的流体特征,且在成矿过程中可能有海水参与;另一组银矿石表现出Eu负异常和Ce负异常,为岩浆热液叠加改造的反映。综合分析认为,董家埝银矿属于中高温裂隙填充型矿床。     

白云鄂博富稀土碳酸岩的地球化学特征

重点解剖了一条距白云鄂博ＲＥＥ－Ｎｂ－Ｆｅ矿床东矿,ＮＥ方向３ｋｍ并切割白云鄂博群Ｈ１及Ｈ２岩性段的细料方解石碳解岩岩墙的岩石地球化学特征。结果表明：碳酸岩的稀土元素含量变化大,最高可达２０％（质量分数）、已构成稀土富矿石、碳酸岩的轻稀土元素高度富集,轻、重稀土元素之间发生地极度分馏,但无铕异常显示。形成这种岩石地球化学特征的可能机制为．：碳酸岩浆直接来源于岩石圈富集地幔的代程度部分熔融作用,残留     

白云鄂博矿中深部弱磁尾矿中稀土的赋存状态研究

运用化学分析、场发射扫描电镜、X射线能谱仪及AMICS自动矿物分析系统等分析方法对白云鄂博中深部矿石弱磁尾矿中稀土的赋存状态进行研究,研究结果表明:中深部弱磁尾矿中稀土品位为9.66%,稀土矿物主要是氟碳铈矿和独居石,且二者的比例随着开采深度的增加由原来的7∶3~6∶4逐渐变化为3∶1,氟碳铈矿的比例明显增大。元素含量种类较多,矿物的组成非常复杂,嵌布粒度很细,稀土矿物在38μm粒度以下累积量超过了90%。稀土矿物主要是与铁矿物、萤石连生,解离度较高,利于稀土矿物分选。氟碳铈矿和独居石主要以单体存在,呈微细粒状、断续或者连续条带状分布于石英、闪石、铁矿物、萤石、磷灰石、霓石、方解石中。此研究结果对白云鄂博矿中深部弱磁尾矿中稀土的高效综合利用具有重要的指导意义。     

Colorimetric determination of niobium in titanium alloys

There is need for a method for the determination of niobium in titanium alloys, since niobium-titanium alloys are becoming increasingly important. The determination of niobium in this type of alloy is an extremely difficult matter. Many approaches were tried before the problem was solved. In the method proposed in this paper the sample is dissolved in a mixture of hydrofluoric and nitric acids, the solution evaporated to a small volume, and boric acid added. Two tannic acid separations are then made to separate the niobium from the bulk of the titanium. The niobium, is determined colorimetrically by the thiocyanate method using a water-acetone medium. A study was made of the possible interference of elements that might be present in titanium alloys. It was found that the presence of tantalum causes two opposing tendencies. Tantalum can cause high results for niobium because it forms a complex with thiocyanate which is visually colorless but shows some absorption. Tantalum can cause low results for niobium by hindering the development of the niobium color. The resultant effect of the tantalum depends upon the amount of tantalum present, the amount of niobium present and the ratio of tantalum to niobium. The presence of more than one per cent. tungsten can lead to high results for niobium. Other elements that might be present in titanium alloys do not interfere with the method. The procedure is designed for titanium alloys containing 0.05 to 10 per cent. niobium. The method is reasonably rapid. Six determinations can be finished in two days. The method should be applicable to many other materials besides titanium alloys.     

Separation of trace concentrations of tantalum from niobium and some other heavy metal ions by extraction with N-oxide of trioctylamine

The distribution of tantalum(V) between 0.1M trioctylamine oxide dissolved in xylene and sulphuric acid solutions has been studied. On the basis of results on the distribution, it is concluded that at sulphuric acid concentration 0.5M, tantalum is probably extracted by a solvate mechanism as the complex Ta(OH) (SO₄)₂·3TOAO. It has also been shown that tantalum can be quantitatively separated from niobium, uranium, thorium and rare earth elements by extraction with N-oxide of trioctylamine from 0.5M sulphuric acid solution.     

Separation of niobium and tantalum by extraction chromatography with bis(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid

A novel method is developed for the reversed-phase extractive chromatographic separation of niobium and tantalum with bis(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid. Niobium is extracted from 1-10M hydrochloric acid and can be stripped with 3M sulphuric acid containing 2% hydrogen peroxide. Tantalum is extracted from 0.1-2M hydrochloric acid and can be stripped with 0.1M hydrochloric acid containing 2M tartaric acid. It is possible to separate niobium and tantalum, in different ratios, from multicomponent mixtures.     

Spectrochemical analysis of curium and americium samples

Spectrochemical procedures have been developed to determine impurities in americium and curium samples. The simultaneous separation of many impurity elements from the base material (americium and curium) is carried out with extraction and extraction-chromatographic methods using di(2-ethyl hexyl phosphoric acid (D2EHPA).

It is shown that part of the elements (alkalis, alkaline earths, silicon, tungsten, tantalum and other elements) are separated with extraction or sorption of americium and curium; the other part (rare earths, titanium, zirconium, niobium, molybdenum) with the Talspeak process.

Two fractions in the extraction chromatography and three fractions in the extraction separation of americium and curium, containing impurities, are analyzed separately by a.c. or d.c. arc spectrography. To increase the sensitivity of the spectrographic analysis and accelerate the burn-up of impurities from the crater of the carbon electrode bismuth fluoride and sodium chloride were used as chemically active substances. The extraction of impurities from weighed quantities of americium and curium samples of 5–10 mg permits the lower limit of determined impurity concentrations to be extended to 1 × 10⁻⁴–5 × 10⁻³% m/m.     

Untersuchungen zur bestimmung seltener erden durch atomabsorption mit elektrothermischer atomisierung

The determination of rare earths by atomic absorption spectrometry with electrothermal atomizationThe electrothermal atomization of traces of rare earths has been investigated with different atomizers (carbon rod, graphite furnace, tantalum ribbon). The best analytical results are obtained with a modified tantalum thermal atomizer, because the formation of rare earth carbides is then impossible. Mixed argon—hydrogen atmospheres improve the concentration of atoms in the plasma, because hydrogen reduces the rare earth oxide radicals. The optimal analytical conditions are described. The detection limits are: 25 pg Yb, 22 pg Eu, 62 pg Tm, 2000 pg Sm, 300 pg Ho, 300 pg Dy, 1300 pg Er.     

Separation of niobium and tantalum with phenylarsonic acid

Phenylarsonic acid permits satisfactory separation of niobium and tantalum and estimation of tantalum from an oxalate solution containing sulphuric acid up to pH 5.8. For complete precipitation of niobium the pH should exceed 4.8. In mixtures, tantalum is precipitated below pH 3.0 and niobium is then precipitated above pH 5.0. When the oxalate concentration is high, recovery of niobium with cupferron is recommended. When the ratio of Nb₂O₅, to Ta₂O₅ exceeds 2:1, reprecipitation of tantalum is necessary. The effect of interfering ions is studied.