基于粒子群算法的动态热释电目标跟踪

热释电传感器用于红外目标跟踪,可以通过光学调制探测到运动目标的相对方向,而不能确定其准确距离,对此提出一种群智能搜索的动态热释电跟踪方法。传感器在摆动状态下感知红外目标,发现目标时,记录其探测角,通过分析探测角序列与运动目标轨迹离散点在极坐标系下的关系,将目标轨迹的确定转化为极径序列的确定,然后建立关于极径序列的多维粒子群空间,并构造评价粒子优劣的适应度函数,实现了运动目标轨迹的跟踪。该方法扩大了热释电探测范围,提高了目标跟踪精度,通过人体目标直线、曲线运动跟踪实验得出平均定位误差不超过0.4m,表明方法有效。     

有向传感器网络中热释电红外传感器节点部署及仿真研究

针对有向传感器网络（Directional Sensor Networks, DSNs）探测区域中PIR（Pyroelectric Infrared Sensor）传感器节点部署问题,设计了4种基于几何形状的节点部署方案,计算了各部署方案的节点密度。基于修改后的TIS测试编写仿真算法,在Matlab平台上对各节点部署方案进行了仿真实验,统计不同部署方案下的目标检测率,并对实验数据进行分析。结果表明,设计的4种部署方案的目标检测率均高于随机部署约10%;等腰三角形部署方案适用于节点数目充足的情况,能实现探测区域全覆盖,目标检测率可达80%以上;正方形部署方案适用于节点数目有限的情况,能实现探测区域大部分覆盖,目标检测率可达75%以上。     

热释电红外探测器在安全防护系统中的应用研究

利用人体发出的红外线,通过热释电红外传感器的接收和放大,形成具有一定电压幅度的控制信号,用这一控制信号去触发语音录放电路工作,就可制成具有自动控制功能的热释电红外探测语音录放系统。电路采用最新热释电红外探测模块与语音录放模块设计,当有人出现在热释电红外探测模块的探测范围时,热释电红外传感器首先将接收到的红外辐射能转换成电能信号,再经内部电路放大、比较处理后输出控制信号,触发语音录放模块工作,播放事先录制好的语音内容,提醒人们注意。该系统电路简洁、成本低、抗干扰能力强、耐低温、免调试、工作稳定和使用方便。适宜于安装在变电所、高压开关柜和电力变压器等危及人身安全的处所使用。     

基于改进免疫遗传算法的K覆盖异构传感器节点调度

为了实现无线传感器网络监测区域目标点的多重覆盖,设计了一种基于改进免疫遗传算法的异构传感器节点调度算法实现目标点的K重覆盖;首先,在传统的概率感知模型中加入剩余能量和感知能力因素,得到改进的概率感知模型,并设计了以最小化节点数并满足覆盖度约束的目标函数;然后,采用改进的免疫遗传算法对节点进行调度,最后,给出了具体的采用改进免疫遗传算法实现WSN异构节点调度的具体算法;仿真实验表明:文中方法能在满足K覆盖约束前提下实现监测区域的节点调度,与其他方法相比,活动节点数平均多7%,具有较长的网络生命周期和较少的网络能耗。     

基于混沌并行遗传算法的多目标无线传感器网络跨层资源分配

提出了一种基于混沌并行遗传算法的多目标无线传感器网络跨层资源分配方法,该方法运用混沌序列和并行遗传算法来动态调整传感器网络节点的探测目标及通信时隙等参数,对资源分配方式进行跨层整体优化.在多目标无线传感器网络环境下,将本文方法与传统的随机分配方法、动态规划方法、T-MAC协议及S-MAC协议等资源分配算法进行了仿真比较.仿真结果表明,本文提出的混沌并行遗传算法具有通信时延小,目标检测成功率高等优点,在降低了无线传感器网络功率消耗的同时提高了对目标检测的实时性. 关键词： 无线传感器网络 无线资源管理 Henon映射 并行遗传算法     

多尺度传感网络失效节点检测系统设计

对多尺度传感网络中的失效节点进行准确检测与定位,实现故障节点的高效检测,保障传感网络的可靠运行。提出一种基于多传感器量化融合跟踪滤波检测的失效节点检测算法,并进行检测系统优化设计。构建多尺度传感网络的节点分布实体对象模型,进行失效节点检测系统总体设计和技术指标分析。设计基于多传感器量化融合跟踪滤波检测的失效节点检测算法。进行系统的硬件设计,包括A/D模块设计、时钟电路设计、程序加载电路设计、传感器通信模块设计和系统电源模块设计。在ARM Cortex?-M0平台上进行检测系统软件开发。系统仿真结果表明,该系统进行多尺度传感网络失效节点检测的准确度较高,提高了传感器网络的寿命周期。     

基于概率假设密度的无线传感器网络多目标跟踪算法

针对无线传感器网络多目标跟踪过程中杂波难以去除以及由数据关联复杂带来的计算复杂度高的问题,将概率假设密度滤波器应用于无线传感器网络,以更好地对多目标状态信息进行融合估计;首先,建立簇-树型无线传感器网络模型,并运用随机有限集理论对目标状态模型和传感器观测模型进行描述;然后,根据目标与节点之间的距离设置观测阈值,当传感器节点测量值小于观测阈值时,概率假设密度滤波器将实时对该组测量数据进行处理,从而实现传感器网络对目标状态的联合检测与跟踪;仿真结果表明,在无线传感器网络的多目标跟踪应用中,该算法比粒子滤波算法具有更高的跟踪效率和精度。     

异构不规则WSNs的定位算法

异构WSN节点在感知对象时由于遮蔽效应引起感测半径不规则,为了解决传播路径上的因障碍物遮挡引起的损耗,先求出传感器节点的感知半径,再利用Fuzzy集中最大最小法求出贴近度,然后选出一定数量满足实际需要的最大的前 个节点构成区域,求出该区域的质心坐标,即为定位坐标,为了降低算法复杂度,提出了近似算法,同时对该算法的定位误差进行了分析,最后与SBL算法进行了比较,实验表明, 该算法在不同半径时平均定位率均高于SBL算法,并且定位精度随着样本点个数的增加而增大。     

热释电红外传感器在无线遥控报警系统中的应用

热释电红外探测无线遥控报警系统由热释电红外探测模块、无线电收/发射模块、数字编/译码集成电路和语音录放模块组成。当人体进入监视区时,红外传感器首先将接收到的红外辐射能转换成电能信号,再经内部电路放大处理,输出控制信号启动发射系统工作,经编码脉冲调制后, 由发射模块向空间辐射无线电遥控编码信号;接收机收到信号后,便进行解调、放大、整形,从解码器输出编码脉冲,然后触发语音录放系统,播放事先录制好的警示语,提醒值班人员。该系统主要采用了RDP-18热释电红外探测模块,具有从信号接收至控制输出的全部功能。整体装置为模块化结构,具有频率稳定、工作可靠、免调试等特点,遥控距离1 000 m,可适用于多种场合的需要。     

电调制非分光红外瓦斯传感系统设计

基于气体红外光谱吸收原理,设计了一款电调制非分光技术的红外瓦斯传感器系统.该系统采用单光路双波长技术,以红外LED光源IRL715、防尘防水的吸收气室和热释电探测器件LIM-262组成光学探头,利用有源滤波和差分放大电路实现信号调理,采用二项式拟合瓦斯浓度-电压关系曲线,实现了对瓦斯浓度的精确探测.实验表明,该传感器能...     

A novel low-cost and small-size human tracking system with pyroelectric infrared sensor mesh network

This paper presents a low-cost and small-size human tracking system based on pyroelectric infrared (PIR) sensor mesh network. A wireless pyroelectric sensor network is developed using PIRs and PIR cone optics. The layout of PIRs and sensor nodes are well investigated and the real detection range of PIR is analyzed. A simple and effective PIR signal processing method is designed to get the event signal, and an innovative location method based on detecting angle bisectors of PIRs and data fusion is proposed. An improved Kalman filter and a particle filter are used for human tracking respectively. Simulation and Experimental results have shown that the human tracking system can effectively recognize, locate and track a human target with promising accuracy.     

Passive IR field gradient detection of thermal objects in active Fresnel zones

A dual element Passive-Infrared (PIR) sensor is used with a rotating slit aperture to map a narrow scanning beam on the sensing elements through each lens of a Fresnel lens array. The stimuli generated due to each thermal object fall in the active Fresnel zones in a certain direction based on their locations and temperature variations on the surfaces of the sources. These signals are used to analyze the signatures of stationary thermal objects, their slight movements and thermal field gradient changes of the source surfaces provided the object projected area is less than the area of the active zone. Pattern matching is performed using Dynamic-Time-Warping (DTW) algorithm on STFT reduced length time vectors. The object space is divided into m-active zones that correspond to the Fresnel zones in a Fresnel lens array. Within passive IR region from each of the active zones, the system identifies not only the heat intensity changes but also detects the slight movement of the thermal source. The efficiency of the system is dependent on the number of active Fresnel zones and the angular separation between them. This single node PIR sensor system is designed to cover an angular view of ∼10° × 80° while horizontal Field of View (FOV) is divided into 4 active Fresnel zones. Generally costly Thermal-IR camera is used for thermal analysis. Our system is comparatively less costly and active coverage zones are easily configurable by increasing number of Fresnel lenses.     

Low-Temperature Radiometric Measurements Using a Silver Halide Optical Fiber and Infrared Optical Devices

In this study, we measured an infrared radiation which is transferred by a silver halide optical fiber from a heat source using a radiometer system for low-temperature measurements. To increase the amount of infrared radiation through the silver halide optical fiber and to the pyroelectric sensor, infrared optical devices used were an infrared focusing lens and a collimator. The relationship between the temperatures of a heat source and the measured radiometer signals were determined. The measurable temperature range of a fiber-optic temperature sensor using a pyroelectric sensor was from 298 to 333 K. It is expected that a noncontact low-temperature sensor using an infrared optical fiber can be developed for medical and industrial usages based on the results of this study.     

On the heating modulation frequency dependence of the photopyroelectric signal in experiments for liquid thermal characterization

A pyroelectric sensor can be seen as a layered system consisted on a pyroelectric material sandwiched between two thin metal layers acting as electrical contacts for measurements of the voltage drop that can be induced by heating. This kind of sensor can be used as a detector of electromagnetic radiation but also for thermal characterization of materials using the photopyroelectric technique. In this work we perform a theoretical analysis based in the so-called thermal wave approach to show that, when this sensor is heated periodically by the absorption of intensity modulated light by one of the metalized surfaces, while the other metal surface is in contact with a liquid sample, the resulting pyroelectric voltage signal amplitude enhances respecting the one resulting from the bare sensor, for certain values of the modulation frequency. This contradicts the intuitively expectation based in the assumption that the sample provides a new channel for heat conduction, thereby decreasing the pyroelectric temperature. We will show that the back and forth propagation and the superposition of thermal waves through the metal coatings must be taken into account in order to explain the observed behavior. The proposed model was experimentally tested for water and glycerin samples, and using a polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) polymer film, with Ni–Cu metal electrodes, as a pyroelectric sensor.     

Test bed for measurement of angular parameters of passive infrared sensors

The paper presents a project of a test bed designed to evaluate angular parameters of detection zones of PIR sensors. The test bed is especially suited for measurements of angular width of detection zones of various PIR sensors. Furthermore, it can be used in experimental verification of the design and manufacturing quality of PIR sensor’s optical system.     

基于WSAN的道路积水监控系统的设计与实现

强降雨及城市排水系统的老化,使得城市道路低洼处积水严重,对市民人身安全、财产、路基、城市交通产生不容忽视的影响。针对该问题,采用无线传感器/执行器网络（WSAN）技术,设计了道路积水监控系统。该系统分为传感/执行层、网络层和应用层三层。传感/执行层的传感器节点使用超声波传感器采集积水信息,执行器节点使用执行器水泵进行排水;网络层网关及汇聚节点使用ZigBee网络和GPRS网络相结合来实现传感/执行层与应用层之间的数据双向传输;应用层服务器储存采集的道路积水信息,调用百度地图API将实时信息显示在web端,并通过网络层发送指令控制积水区域内的执行器水泵动作,实现闭环控制。该系统能够简洁有效地实现道路积水信息的实时共享,可以实现及时排水,具有实际的应用价值。     

卫星太阳能电池阵破损自动检测系统的研究

介绍了国内首次研制的卫星太阳能电池阵破损自动检测系统的检测原理、系统结构与设计及现场试用结果。系统采用专用照明系统,电池阵列经光学系统清晰成像至CCD传感器上,经信号放大、A/D转换后输入计算机管理和控制系统。图像传感探头自动扫描整块电池板,并由距离传感器控制,始终保持采集图像清晰。利用特有的系统控制和检测软件,处理每幅电池图像信息,检测结果通过列表形式给出损伤电池的位置、破损类型、破损度等参数。现场试验结果表明:该系统的检出率达98.5%以上,检测速度为每分钟20片电池,达到了快速、高精度、自动化检测太阳能电池阵的使用要求。     

Optimized configuration of the pyroelectric sensor metal electrodes in the photopyroelectric technique

This article deals with the photopyroelectric (PPE) technique, a useful tool for optical spectroscopy and for measurement of thermal properties of condensed mater samples, in particular in the liquid state. It has been demonstrated here that, for constant laser power, the pyroelectric (PE) sensor response does not depend on the spatial distribution of the laser beam intensity. As a consequence of this, it follows that in the case of measurements in voltage mode, the signal amplitude is inversely proportional to the active area of the sensor. Then, if the active area is diminished, leaving the total area of the sensor constant, it is possible to increase the pyroelectric signal. On the basis of this result, a method is proposed to enhance the PPE signal measured in voltage mode by means of the optimization in the configuration of the sensor metal electrodes. It was experimentally demonstrated that using this improved technique, it is possible to increase up to ten times the amplitude of the signal without electrical noise rise.     

Projectile detection using quasi-electrostatic field sensor array

Detection, localization, and ranging of the hostile fire source are very important for military and law enforcement operations. In this work authors explore use of quasi-electrostatic field created by a moving, charged projectile for the projectile detection. This paper describes development of a novel and inexpensive sensor network for detecting the quasi-electrostatic field of a charged bullet. The principle method used to sense the quasi-electrostatic field was based on a novel sensor utilizing voltage-controlled variable capacitance. A wired network was used to propagate the measurements to a central data acquisition unit. Several missile localization algorithms were explored to process the data from the sensor array making sure that all variables, including signal latency, would not affect the accuracy of the results. The results received and processed by the system report the passing objects coordinated in relation to the designated central location.