A family of degenerate differential operators

Certain second-order partial differential operators, expressed as sums of squares of complex vector fields, are shown not to beC ^∞ hypoelliptic even at a point, rather than merely in an open set. The proof is based on an asymptotic analysis of a family of ordinary differential operators depending on a complex parameter. Research supported by the National Science Foundation.     

The Algebraic Integrability of the Quantum Toda Lattice and the Radon Transform

We study the maximal commutative ring of partial differential operators which includes the quantum completely integrable system defined by the quantum Toda lattice. Kostant shows that the image of the generalized Harish-Chandra homomorphism of the center of the enveloping algebra is commutative (Kostant in Invent. Math. 48:101–184, 1978). We demonstrate the commutativity of the ring of partial differential operators whose principal symbols are -invariant. Our commutative ring includes the commutative system of Kostant (Invent. Math. 48:101–184, 1978). The main tools in this paper are Fourier integral operators and Radon transforms.      

Generalized indices of operators inB(H)

A generalized dimension is further developed. Here subtraction and addition of two generalized dimensions are defined, so that the operations: ∞ ± n = ∞, ∞ + ∞ = ∞, which used to play an inflexible role, are refined and moreover, ∞ - ∞, which used to be meaningless, is done in sense. Then generalized index for semi-Fred-holm operators is developed to wholeB(H), i.e. all of bounded linear operators in Hilbert spaceH. Theorem 2.2 is proved with an example, which is in contradiction to a known proposition for semi-Fredholm operators in form, practically a refined result of the known proposition. Then, it is proved thatB(H) is the union of countably many disjoint arewise connected sets over all the generalized dimensions ofB(H). Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China     

Regular linear systems governed by systems with state, input and output delays

^** Email: hadd{at}ucam.ac.ma^*** Email: idrissi{at}ucam.ac.ma In this paper, we give a new reformulation of linear systemswith delays in input, state and output. We show that these systemscan be written as a regular linear system without delays. Thetechnique used here is essentially based on the theory recentlydeveloped by Salamon and Weiss and the shift in semigroup properties.Our framework can be applied, in particular, when the delayoperators are given by Riemann–Stieltjes integrals.     

Quantum differential operators on the quantum plane

The universal enveloping algebra of a Lie algebra acts on its representation ring R through D(R), the ring of differential operators on R. A quantised universal enveloping algebra (or quantum group) is a deformation of a universal enveloping algebra and acts not through the differential operators of its representation ring but through the quantised differential operators of its representation ring. We present this situation for the quantum group of sl₂.     

Strong Type Inequalities and an Almost-Orthogonality Principle for Families of Maximal Operators Along Directions in R2

The paper proves an almost-orthogonality principle for maximaloperators over arbitrary sets of directions in R². Namely, theL^p-bounds for an operator of this type are obtained from thecorresponding L^p-bounds of the maximal functions associatedto a certain partition of the set of directions, and from theparticular structure of this partition. Applications to severaltypes of maximal operators are provided.     

Approximately Local Derivations

Certain linear operators from a Banach algebra A into a BanachA-bimodule X, which are called approximately local derivations,are studied. It is shown that when A is a C^*-algebra, a Banachalgebra generated by idempotents, a semisimple annihilator Banachalgebra, or the group algebra of a SIN or a totally disconnectedgroup, bounded approximately local derivations from A into Xare derivations. This, in particular, extends a result of B.E. Johnson that ‘local derivations on C^*-algebras arederivations’ and provides an alternative proof of it.     

A Note on a Maximal Function Over Arbitrary Sets of Directions

Let M_S be the universal maximal operator over unit vectors ofarbitrary directions. This operator is not bounded in L²(R²).We consider a sequence of operators over sets of finite equidistributeddirections converging to M_S. We provide a new proof of N. Katz'sbound for such operators. As a corollary, we deduce that M_Sis bounded from some subsets of L² to L². These subsets arecomposed of positive functions whose Fourier transforms havea logarithmic decay or which are supported on a disc. 1991 MathematicsSubject Classification 42B25.     

Depth of Higher Associated Graded Rings

The depth of the associated graded ring of the powers of anideal I of a local ring R is studied. It is proved that thedepth of the associated graded ring of Iⁿ is asymptoticallyconstant when n tends to infinity, and this value is characterizedin terms of Valabrega–Valla conditions of I^m for somelarge integer m 0. As a corollary, a generalization is obtainedof the 2-dimensional algebraic version of the Grauert–Riemenschneidervanishing theorem (due to Huckaba and Huneke) to ideals satisfyingthe second Valabrega–Valla condition. The positivenessof Hilbert coefficients is also studied, and Valabrega–Vallaconditions are linked to the vanishing of the cohomology groupsof the closed fiber of the blowing up of Spec(R) along the closedsub-scheme defined by I.     

The problem of lacunas and analysis on root systems

A lacuna of a linear hyperbolic differential operator is a domain inside its propagation cone where a proper fundamental solution vanishes identically. Huygens' principle for the classical wave equation is the simplest important example of such a phenomenon. The study of lacunas for hyperbolic equations of arbitrary order was initiated by I. G. Petrovsky (1945). Extending and clarifying his results, Atiyah, Bott and Gårding (1970-73) developed a profound and complete theory for hyperbolic operators with constant coefficients. In contrast, much less is known about lacunas for operators with variable coefficients. In the present paper we study this problem for one remarkable class of partial differential operators with singular coefficients. These operators stem from the theory of special functions in several variables related to finite root systems (Coxeter groups). The underlying algebraic structure makes it possible to extend many results of the Atiyah-Bott-Gårding theory. We give a generalization of the classical Herglotz-Petrovsky-Leray formulas expressing the fundamental solution in terms of Abelian integrals over properly constructed cycles in complex projective space. Such a representation allows us to employ the Petrovsky topological condition for testing regular (strong) lacunas for the operators under consideration. Some illustrative examples are constructed. A relation between the theory of lacunas and the problem of classification of commutative rings of partial differential operators is discussed.

     

Irregular Wakimoto modules and the Casimir connection

We study some non-highest weight modules over an affine Kac–Moody algebra [^(\mathfrak g)]{\hat{\mathfrak g}} at the non-critical level. Roughly speaking, these modules are non-commutative localizations of some non-highest weight “vacuum” modules. Using free field realization, we embed some rings of differential operators in endomorphism rings of our modules. These rings of differential operators act on a localization of the space of coinvariants of any [^(\mathfrak g)]{\hat{\mathfrak g}}-module with respect to a certain level subalgebra. In a particular case this action is identified with the Casimir connection.     

The PDE-preserving operators on nuclearly entire functions of bounded type

The PDE-preserving operators O on the space of nuclearly entire functions of bounded type H_Nb(E) on a Banach space E are characterized. An operator is PDE-preserving when it preserves homogenous solutions to homogeneous convolution equations. We establish a one to one correspondence between O and a set Σ of sequences of entire functionals, i.e. exponential type functions. In this way, algebraic structures on Σ, such as ring structures, can be carried over to O and vice versa. In particular, it follows that O is a non-commutative ring (algebra) with unity with respect to composition and the convolution operators form a commutative subring (subalgebra). We discuss range and kernel properties, for the operators in O, and characterize the projectors (onto polynomial spaces) in O by determining the corresponding elements in Σ. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

On computing eigenvalues of second-order linear pencils

^** Email: mhannaby{at}yahoo.com^*** Email: zahraa26{at}yahoo.com In this paper, we use sinc techniques to compute the eigenvaluesof a second-order operator pencil of the form Q – P approximately.Here Q and P are self-adjoint differential operators of thesecond and first order, respectively. Also the eigenparameterappears in the boundary conditions linearly.     

A Constructive Study of the Module Structure of Rings of Partial Differential Operators

The purpose of this paper is to develop constructive versions of Stafford’s theorems on the module structure of Weyl algebras A _n (k) (i.e., the rings of partial differential operators with polynomial coefficients) over a base field k of characteristic zero. More generally, based on results of Stafford and Coutinho-Holland, we develop constructive versions of Stafford’s theorems for very simple domains D. The algorithmization is based on the fact that certain inhomogeneous quadratic equations admit solutions in a very simple domain. We show how to explicitly compute a unimodular element of a finitely generated left D-module of rank at least two. This result is used to constructively decompose any finitely generated left D-module into a direct sum of a free left D-module and a left D-module of rank at most one. If the latter is torsion-free, then we explicitly show that it is isomorphic to a left ideal of D which can be generated by two elements. Then, we give an algorithm which reduces the number of generators of a finitely presented left D-module with module of relations of rank at least two. In particular, any finitely generated torsion left D-module can be generated by two elements and is the homomorphic image of a projective ideal whose construction is explicitly given. Moreover, a non-torsion but non-free left D-module of rank r can be generated by r+1 elements but no fewer. These results are implemented in the Stafford package for D=A _n (k) and their system-theoretical interpretations are given within a D-module approach. Finally, we prove that the above results also hold for the ring of ordinary differential operators with either formal power series or locally convergent power series coefficients and, using a result of Caro-Levcovitz, also for the ring of partial differential operators with coefficients in the field of fractions of the ring of formal power series or of the ring of locally convergent power series.     

Continuation of a linear operator to an involution operator

A bounded linear operatorA:X→X in a linear topological spaceX is called ap-involution operator,p≥2, ifA ^p=I, whereI is the identity operator. In this paper, we describe linearp-involution operators in a linear topological space over the field ℂ and prove that linear operators can be continued to involution operators. Translated fromMatematicheskie Zametki, Vol. 61, No. 5, pp. 671–676, May, 1997. Translated by M. A. Shishkova     

On a Monte Carlo method for neutron transport criticality computations

^** Email: maire{at}univ-tln.fr^*** Email: denis.talay{at}sophia.inria.fr We give a stochastic representation of the principal eigenvalueof some homogeneous neutron transport operators. Our constructionis based upon the Feynman–Kac formula for integral transportequations, and uses probabilistic techniques only. We developa Monte Carlo method for criticality computations. We numericallytest this method on various homogeneous and inhomogeneous problems,and compare our results with those obtained by standard methods.     

Numerical Investigations into the Stokes Phenomenon. II

The Stokes phenomenon associated with the differential equationsW " = WZ (z²–a²) and W" = w(z² –a²)(x²–b²)isconsidered. As an application to the method introduced in paper I, somenumerical and analytical results concerning the Stokes constantsof these equations are presented.     

Logarithmic Growth for Matrix Martingale Transforms

An example is given of an operator weight W that satisfies thedyadic operator Hunt–Muckenhoupt–Wheeden condition for which there exists a dyadic martingale transform on L² (W) that is unbounded. The constructionrelates weighted boundedness to the boundedness of dyadic vectorHankel operators.     

A Characterization of Strongly Continuous Groups of Linear Operators on a Hilbert Space

It is proved that the infinitesimal generator A of a stronglycontinuous semigroup of linear operators on a Hilbert spacealso generates a strongly continuous group if and only if theresolvent of –A, ( + A)^–1, is also a bounded functionon some right-hand-side half plane of complex numbers, and convergesstrongly to zero as the real part of tends to infinity. Anapplication to a partial differential equation is given. 1991Mathematics Subject Classification 47D03.