Fabrication and optical properties of two‐dimensional photonic crystal of ZnO pillars

Two‐dimensional (2D) photonic crystal of ZnO pillars was synthesized on silicon substrate by the combination of template method and vapor‐phase transport method. The microstructure and morphology of the ZnO photonic crystal was evaluated by using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X‐ray diffraction (XRD). Large‐area specular reflectance measurements showed the presence of photonic stop band. The effect of the photonic band gap and the special structure on the photoluminescence (PL) properties of ZnO photonic crystal has been investigated. Both suppression and enhancement in the PL were observed. Raman scattering analyses demonstrated that the defect of ZnO photonic crystal exists in this experiment. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

新型纯二维嵌套复式周期结构光子晶体的光学禁带特性及制备研究

本文提出了一种两套晶格嵌套的全新纯二维嵌套复式周期光子晶体结构,并通过理论计算获得了外周期结构调制禁带位置,内周期的细微结构通过填充率的改变和结构的周期效应调制禁带宽度的新型禁带特性,从理论上验证了嵌套结构利用小尺寸周期调制大波长禁带的可行性.同时首次利用软刻蚀图案掩膜保护电化学阳极氧化方法制备出了这种全新嵌套复式周期结构.     

Three absolute photonic gaps from 2d square compound lattices

The photonic band structures of two‐dimensional square compound lattices are calculated by the plane‐wave method. Four air hole cylinders drilled in a square dielectric cylinder which locate at each square lattice site are embedded in a background of air. Three absolute photonic band gaps common to E and H polarized waves are created when given proper structure parameters. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

h-BN型超晶格等离子体光子晶体能带特性研究

六方氮化硼(h-BN)晶格结构是一种类六方对称复式超晶格结构。具有h-BN晶格构型的光子晶体以其宽光子带隙特点受到国内外学者的广泛关注。本文利用不同尺度低压气体放电管与Al₂O₃介质棒周期性排列,构建了新型h-BN型超晶格等离子体光子晶体,实现其空间结构和等离子体参数的动态调控。利用微波透射谱对比研究了h-BN型超晶格与简单三角晶格等离子体光子晶体禁带位置、宽度和数目。分析了放电电流、介质棒阵列数对不同频段光子带隙的影响,以及电磁波入射角度对电磁传输特性的影响。结果表明：等离子体的引入不仅能够形成新的光子带隙,而且可以选择性地使部分禁带位置发生移动;相对于简单三角晶格,h-BN型超晶格等离子体光子晶体呈现出更多光子带隙;Al₂O₃介质棒阵列数对等离子体光子晶体禁带位置、宽度和数目均具有重要影响。电磁波入射角度变化越大,电磁传输特性差别越显著,透射谱相关性越差。本文所设计的新型h-BN型超晶格等离子体光子晶体为制作可调谐光子晶体提供了新的思路,在微波和太赫兹波控制领域具有潜在应用价值。     

固-流结构声子晶体中弹性波能带的色散研究

推导出弹性波斜入射固-流结构声子晶体的转移矩阵和色散公式.利用色散公式研究了弹性波在固-流结构声子晶体中的能带特性.结果表明,介质厚度固定时,弹性波中会出现多级禁带,禁带的频率中心随入射角的增加而向高频方向移动,入射角增加到一定值后会分裂出新的禁带,分裂出的禁带频率宽度随级数的增加而增大.入射角固定时,禁带的频率宽度随介质厚度近似成反比变化,分裂出的禁带频率宽度随介质厚度的增加而减小.     

光在介电常数正弦调制的一维光子晶体中的传输

本文用平面波展开法和时域有限差分法研究了光在介电常数受正弦函数调制的一维光子晶体传输规律,发现该光子晶体同样具有一般光子晶体的带隙结构.带隙宽度随调制深度的增加而增加,随周期长度的增加而减小.还用时域有限差分法计算得到源频率分别在禁带和通带时电场在介质中的分布,禁带情况下电场在介质中受到抑制,通带情况下不受抑制.说明不论介质的介电常数如何分布,只要满足周期性的条件,介质都会具有一般光子晶体共有的本质特征.     

光子晶体中掺杂激活杂质的光增益研究

本文借助光子晶体中二能级原子的自发辐射理论说明缺陷态局域场存在的必然性以及局域场基本性质,为研究掺杂自发辐射的内在规律提供了理论依据,在此基础上,将自发辐射理论与数值模拟相结合,在缺陷介质中掺入和未掺入激活杂质时,数值模拟研究一维光子晶体的掺杂局域场特征以及受激辐射增强和透射率大于1现象与光子带隙边缘群速度异常和掺杂层复有效折射率负的虚部之间的内在规律,由此说明如在光子晶体的缺陷介质中掺入激活杂质,复有效折射率具有负的虚部,光子禁带中会出现品质因子非常高的杂质态,具有很大的态密度,这样便可实现自发辐射的增强,出现较强的受激辐射放大,在带隙的边缘处,光子晶体的群速度较小或群速度异常,受激辐射放大最容易出现在靠近光子带隙的边缘。     

Luminescent properties of europium (III) acetate monohydrate in synthetic opal pores

Abstract

This paper presents a systematic photoluminescence spectra study of the (111) growth surface of an opal photonic crystal whose pores were filled with salt Europium (III) acetate monohydrate (C₆H₉EuO₆×H₂O). Ultraviolet excitation was provided by semiconductor laser operating at wavelengths of 405?nm. Emission spectra were measured both for free-form salt samples and for salt in opal pores annealed at various temperatures up to 1000?°C. The influence of changes in the coordination environment of europium ions on the luminescence spectra in the process of dehydration and salt decomposition up to Eu₂O₃ is established. Differences in the spectra of salt in the pores of opal were revealed compared with the spectra in the free state.     

含左手材料的——维“啁啾”光子晶体的偏振特性

把“啁啾”函数引入含左手材料的一维光子晶体中,且左手材料的介电常数和磁导率采用Lossy Dryde model,利用传输矩阵法研究了其透射谱.结果表明:在“啁啾”函数对材料几何厚度调制较小时,该光子晶体有完整的禁带,随着调制的加强,禁带宽度增加,但底部逐步抬高.在相同的调制下,磁、电等离子体频率的比值越大,禁带宽度越宽.入射角增加,TE模的禁带宽度不变而TM模的禁带宽度变窄,TE模和TM模均产生了角度隙,此角度隙的宽度随入射角增加而变宽,且TM模的变化大于TE模的.周期数N变化时,角度隙基本不变.nR的变化对禁带和角度隙的位置没有影响,但nR越小,禁带底部越高且圆,角度隙中透射峰峰值越大.     

化学还原法向二氧化硅人工欧泊中填充Se

本文提出了一种新的调节人工欧泊晶体的光学带隙的方法.采用改进的溶剂蒸发法将单分散SiO2微球组装成在红外光区具有光子带隙的人工欧泊,采用化学还原法向欧泊中填充高折射率材料Se,改变其光学带隙特性.采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射和可见-近红外光谱仪(VIS-NIR)等对Se-SiO2三维光子晶体的形貌、结构和光学性能进行了观察测试.研究结果表明Se以纳米晶粒的形式均匀地包覆在SiO2微球表面,与相同晶格周期的SiO2光子晶体相比,Se-SiO2光子晶体的带隙发生明显的红移.     

一维光子晶体结构参数的随机扰动对其光学特性的影响

用特征矩阵法研究结构参数存在随机扰动的情况下一维光子晶体的光学特性, 无论是加工过程中介质层几何厚度的误差, 还是介质层折射率的随机波动都会影响一维光子晶体的光学特性.随机扰动对一维光子晶体带结构高频部分影响较大, 造成带结构消失, 甚至全部变成禁带; 随机扰动对光子晶体缺陷模式的影响是使缺陷模的位置发生随机平移, 平移的程度与随机度有关, 介质层折射率的随机变化要比介质层厚度的随机变化对缺陷模位置的影响要大; 周期数目的增加可以部分地减小缺陷模的平移, 但同时会使缺陷模透射率减小,增加缺陷层厚度可以有效降低随机扰动对光子晶体缺陷模式的影响. 本文的研究将对一维光子晶体的设计工作提供有价值的参考.     

空气放电中自组织等离子体光子晶体研究

采用平板双水电极介质阻挡放电装置,通过放电丝的非线性自组织,在空气放电中获得不同对称性二维等离子体光子晶体.随外加电压升高,等离子体光子晶体经历了从等边三角晶格到四方晶格结构的转化.在实验测量数据的基础上,采用平面波展开方法计算了等离子体光子晶体转化过程中的带隙结构变化.提出了一种在空气放电中实现的新型可调等离子体光子晶体.     

二维异质结光子晶体弯曲波导的传输特性研究

应用时域有限差分(FDTD)方法,通过数值模拟研究光在二维异质结光子晶体L型弯曲波导的传输特性.结果表明:在异质结光子晶体波导中能更好地对光进行控制;并且异质结光子晶体L型弯曲波导的传输效率较同质结光子晶体波导提高了6;~7;.计算结果为高度集成化的光子晶体波导器件,提供了一条新的设计思路和依据.     

The chromatic shift of 1-D photonic crystal films influenced by the alkyl group on imidazolium moiety of ionic liquids

Retaining reflection color developed from the photonic crystals has been our main interest. Persistent reflecting color from polymer photonic crystals using non-volatile solvents has been huddled by permeation of large molecular weight solvents. Some ionic liquids can permeate in between polymer photonic crystal layers. Polystyrene-b-poly-2-vinylpyridine (PS-b-P2VP) was used to obtain photonic crystals. The molecular weight of PS-b-P2VP and the hydrophobicity of the ionic liquids were altered to attain persistent color. Imidazolium and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium were used as cations of ionic liquids where the anion was bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide. The photonic crystals made with block copolymers of 84k–69k and 57k–57k molecular weights showed the persistent distinct colors by swelling with the ionic liquids.     

基于带隙分析的三维反蛋白石光子晶体的非理想态结构参数的求解

应用平面波展开法分析了三维反蛋白石结构光子晶体的带隙性质;计算了沿[111]方向入射时其赝带隙(第一、第三赝带)中心频率分别与填隙材料在模板中填充率ff、模板煅烧因子sf的关系曲线:随ff的减小,v增大;随sf的增大,v随之增大,非理想状态下,ff＜100;、sf＞1,因此较理想态发生蓝移;由此提出了求解平均填充率ffev与平均煅烧因子sfev的计算框图.     

Two Ag(I)-Containing Supramolecular Coordination Polymers Constructed from the Multidentate N-donor Ligand 1-((1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)methyl)-3,5-bis(3-pyridyl)-1,2,4-triazole Based on Hydrogen-Bonding and π–π Interactions: Syntheses,Crystal Structures,Optical Band Gaps and Luminescent Properties

Two Ag(I)-based coordination polymers, namely [Ag₂(3,3′-tmbpt)(o-Hbdc)₂]·H₂O (1) and [Ag₈(3,3′-tmbpt)₄(1,2,4-Hbtc)₄(H₂O)] (2) (3,3′-tmbpt?=?1-((1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)methyl)-3,5-bis(3-pyridyl)-1,2,4-triazole, o-H₂bdc?=?1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid and 1,2,4-H₃btc?=?1,2,4-benzenetricarboxylic acid), have been synthesized. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses, elemental analyses, infrared spectra, powder X-ray diffraction analyses and thermogravimetric analyses have been carried out to characterize the structures of 1 and 2. Compound 1 shows a (3,4)-connected 2D layered structure with a Schläfli symbol of (4²·6)(4²·6³·8). The intermolecular O–H···O hydrogen-bonding interactions extend the 2D layer into a 3D supramolecular architecture. Compound 2 exhibits a (3,3)-connected double-layered structure with a Schläfli symbol of (4·8·10)₂(8²·10)₂. The intermolecular C–H···O hydrogen-bonding interactions link the double-layers to form a 3D supramolecular architecture. Moreover, there are intramolecular and intermolecular π–π interactions in 1 and 2, which stabilize the whole 3D supramolecular architectures. The band gaps of 1 and 2 are 3.19 and 3.09 eV, respectively, indicating the potential of 1 and 2 as semiconductive materials with wide band gaps. Moreover, 1 and 2 emit intense blue-green light, which may be potential photoactive materials.

Graphic Abstract

Two Ag(I)-based 3D supramolecular coordination polymers constructed from a multidentate N-donor ligand and two aromatic polycarboxylate anions via hydrogen-bonding and π–π interactions have been synthesized and characterized. The band gaps and photoluminescent properties of the compounds have been studied.

     

光子晶体多组元缺陷态问题研究

缺陷态光子晶体可以用于制作良好的谐振器、偏振器、滤光器等光学器件,具有重要的应用价值。本文发展了光子晶体缺陷态问题的PG有限元界面问题计算方法,有效地处理了各种不同组元体系、几何结构、界面形状、材料属性以及模态的光子晶体缺陷态问题。数值结果表明,二组元结构单点缺陷对带隙的影响较小,只是使局部范围内的波继续传播而产生一条缺陷带,多点缺陷使一些特定范围内的波可以传播而产生多条缺陷带,线缺陷产生的影响较大,可以使整个禁带消失。结合线缺陷与点缺陷,波导结构中的侧点缺陷可以有效地应用于光子晶体阻带内诱导窄通带或在波导的通带内诱导非常窄的阻带。三组元结构引入了不均匀介质、复杂介质形状以及不同几何结构的缺陷态。通过计算与分析发现Ω₃区域的介质形状对结果影响比较有限,表面层越不光滑禁带越窄,n型缺陷态在TM模中的高频区域更容易产生禁带。对于TE模来说,n型与v型的缺陷态更容易产生禁带。     

掺杂光子晶体光纤的缺陷模增益谱与光孤子拉曼放大研究

本文研究在层状结构光子晶体光纤中引入多个缺陷区,制作出多芯的光子晶体光纤,在光子晶体光纤中增加的多个线缺陷形成波分复用技术的多个传输信道,在此基础上数值模拟研究在缺陷介质中掺入和未掺入激活杂质,光子晶体光纤的掺杂局域场特征以及受激辐射增强和透射率大于1现象与光子带隙内群速度异常和掺杂层复有效折射率负的虚部之间的内在规律,进一步研究发现在光子晶体光纤的各个线缺陷中掺入拉曼增益介质,得到光子晶体光纤拉曼放大规律.由于光子晶体光纤的各个信道间存在带隙,使得信道间信号串扰必然受到抑制,利用这些特性可以设计分布式高增益、极低噪声、宽带和有利于光集成的新型光子晶体光纤拉曼放大器,将它用于密集波分复用(DWDM)光通信系统.     

异质结构光子晶体的制备与带隙特性研究

本文采用多次垂直沉积法制备出了可见光范围的多重异质结构光子晶体,并对其形貌特征和带隙特性进行了分析.扫描电镜图像表明:所制备的异质结构光子晶体排列规整、不同结构间界面明显.光学吸收光谱分析结果表明:异质结构光子晶体与各单一结构光子晶体带隙相比,带隙明显增大,为各单一结构光子晶体带隙的叠加,且与不同结构的叠加顺序无关.     

Liquid Crystals and Polymer-Based Photonic Crystal Fibers

Experimental results of polymer photonic liquid crystal fibers based on commercially available (Kiriama) PMMA and cyclo-olefin polymer (Zeonex 480R) microstructured polymer fibers infiltrated with nematic liquid crystals (2CHBT/8CHBT and PCB) are presented and thermally-tuned photonic band-gap propagation mechanism is observed. These preliminary results suggest, that polymers binding to liquid crystals much easier than silica, can offer new opportunities while using polymer-based photonic crystal fibers.