光诱导呫吨酮电子转移和氢转移反应的激光闪光光解研究

用时间分辨激光闪光光解的方法研究了在乙腈溶剂中呫吨酮的激发三重态的性质，并得到了呫吨酮激发三重态和胺类、醇类以及酚类反应的瞬态吸收光谱和猝灭速率常数(kq)．除了苯胺和3-硝基苯胺被认为是能量转移外，呫吨酮和其余胺类的反应随着自由能变的减校lgkq逐渐增大，由此认为发生了电子转移反应．而对于二甲基-对甲苯胺、3,5,N,N-四甲基苯胺、N,N-二甲基苯胺、三乙胺来说，通过瞬态吸收光谱的变化可以知道既有电子转移反应又有氢转移反应发生．呫吨酮和醇类只发生氢转移反应，其猝灭速率常数和醇的?-C?H的键能有关．由     

Induced Intersystem Crossing at the Fluorescence Quenching of Laser Dye 7-Amino-1,3-Naphthalenedisulfonic Acid by Paramagnetic Metal Ions

The fluorescence and triplet state quenching of 7-amino-1,3-naphthalenesulfonic acid by paramagnetic metal ions have been investigated in an aqueous medium. The basic mechanism of the fluorescence quenching involves the static and dynamic electron transfer to the paramagnetic cation. The induced S₁→T₁ intersystem crossing at fluorescence quenching of the fluorophore by Cu²⁺ cation has been found. There is a correlation between triplet state quenching rate constants and values of the efficient paramagnetic susceptibility and spin of the cations. The rate constants for the quenching pathways have been calculated.     

Photoinduced interaction between MPA capped CdTe QDs and certain anthraquinone dyes

Photoinduced interaction of mercapto propionic acid (MPA) capped CdTe quantum dots (QDs) with certain anthraquinone dyes namely alizarin, alizarin red S, acid blue 129 and uniblue has been studied by steady state and time resolved fluorescence measurements. Addition of anthraquinone dyes to CdTe QDs results in the reduction of electron hole recombination has been observed (i.e., fluorescence quenching). The Stern-Volmer constant (K_SV), quenching rate constant (k_q) and association constants (K) were obtained from fluorescence quenching data. The interaction of anthraquinone dyes with QDs occurs through static quenching was confirmed by unaltered fluorescence lifetime. The occurrence of electron transfer quenching mechanism has been proved by the negative free energy change (ΔG_et) obtained as per the Rehm-Weller equation.     

Distance-dependent quenching of Nile Blue fluorescence byN,N-diethylaniline observed by frequency-domain fluorometry

Fluorescence quenching of Nile Blue by amines is thought to be due to electron transfer to the excited dye molecule from the amine electron donor. We used electron transfer quenching of Nile blue byN,N-diethylaniline in propylene glycol as a model system for an interaction which depends exponentially on distance. We investigated the time dependence of the presumed distance-dependent process using gigahertz harmonic-content frequency-domain fluorometry. The frequency-domain data and the steady-state quantum yield were analyzed globally based on either the Smoluchowski-Collins-Kimball radiation boundary condition (RBC) model or the distancedependent quenching (DDQ) model, in which the rate of quenching depends exponentially on the flourophore-quencher distance. We performed a global analysis which included both the frequencydomain time-resolved decays and the steady-state intensities. The latter were found to be particularly sensitive to the model and parameter values. The data cannot be satisfactorily analyzed using the RBC model for quenching. The analysis shows the excellent agreement of the DDQ model with the experimental data, supporting the applicability of the DDQ model to describe the quenching by the electron transfer process, which depends exponentially on the donor-acceptor distance.     

Photoluminescence Electron-Transfer Quenching of Rhenium(I) Complexes with Organic Sulfides

Electron-transfer(ET) from organic sulfides to excited state rhenium(I)-based heteroleptic tricarbonyl complexes [Re(bpy)(CO)₃(py)]⁺ (I) and [Re(bpy)(CO)₃(ind))]⁺ (II) in acetonitrile solution is facile and luminescence quenching constants, k_q, are in the range 10⁵–10⁸ M⁻¹s⁻¹. The detection of the sulfide radical cation in this system using time-resolved absorption spectroscopy is a direct evidence for the ET nature of the reaction. The k_q values for the quenching of Re(I)-complexes with organic sulfides are analyzed with a scheme involving rate controlling electron transfer process. The measured rate constants for the electron transfer (ET) reaction are close to the values calculated from Marcus theory.     

A study on the fluorescence quenching of 9-Aminoacridine by certain antioxidants

The fluorescence quenching of 9-Aminoacridine by certain estrogens and flavonoids in water was studied using absorption, steady state and time-resolved measurements. The bimolecular quenching rate constants for the chosen estrogens and flavonoids were found to be in the range of 3.2-9.2×10¹¹ and 0.36-14.46×10¹¹ M⁻¹s⁻¹, respectively. From lifetime measurement we observed that the quenching was mainly due to static mechanism through ground state complex formation. The binding constant (K) and the number of binding sites (n) were calculated based on the fluorescence quenching data. The free energy change (ΔG_et) for electron transfer process was calculated by Rehm-Weller equation.     

酸度对氧氟沙星与牛血清白蛋白结合的影响

牛血清白蛋白在不同pH的溶液中存在N（pH ～7.0）,B（pH ～9.0）和E（pH 3.5以下）等几种同分异构形态。 采用紫外-可见光谱和荧光光谱研究了酸度对牛血清白蛋白（BSA）的结构以及对不同结构的BSA和氧氟沙星的相互作用的影响,应用荧光猝灭现象和Frster理论,求出了4个不同pH下两者结合的猝灭常数、 能量转移效率和结合距离等参数。结果显示,氧氟沙星与牛血清白蛋白在pH 4.9时结合常数最大（1.928 1×105 L·mol-1）,结合距离小（r=2.55 nm）,猝灭效应最好（8.63×104 L·mol-1）;氧氟沙星与牛血清白蛋白的结合过程中,静态猝灭和非辐射能量转移是导致牛血清白蛋白荧光猝灭的原因;中性、 弱酸和弱碱性环境对两者的结合没有太大的影响,静电作用不是两者相互作用的主要作用力。使用同步荧光技术考察了氧氟沙星对BSA构象的影响。     

牛血清白蛋白与荧光增白剂相互作用的荧光光谱法研究

应用荧光光谱法研究了牛血清蛋白与荧光增白剂CBS-X、BBU、VBL的相互作用.通过Stern-Volmer方程、Lineweaver-BurK方程和双对数曲线进行计算,研究了FWA对BSA内源荧光的猝灭机制.FWA对BSA内源荧光的猝灭主要为静态猝灭和荧光共振能量转移猝灭.测定了荧光增白剂CBS-X、BBU、VBL对BSA的猝灭常量和扩散常量(283 K),确定了荧光增白剂与BSA结合位点数均为1.根据Frster非辐射能量转移理论,计算了BSA与荧光增白剂分子间的结合距离和能量转移效率.通过测定283 K和298 K时供体与受体分子间结合常量,计算了BSA与荧光增白剂作用的热力学参量.BSA与FWA作用的ΔH<0,ΔS>0,并以此确定了BSA 与荧光增白剂分子主要通过静电力进行作用.     

Electron transfer within 1,3‐dinitrobenzene radical anions: electron hopping or superexchange?

The intramolecular electron transfer on several 1,3‐dinitrobenzene radical anions with different substituents on position 5 was studied by electron paramagnetic resonance and optical spectroscopies in MeCN. The radical anions are all charge‐localized mixed valence species, as is common for meta‐substituted dinitrobenzenes. Rate constants for the electron transfer reaction were obtained by the Marcus–Hush analysis of the intervalence optical bands assuming quartic‐augmented energy surfaces and solvent‐controlled dynamics. These calculated rate constants match quite well the experimental ones obtained by simulation of the electron paramagnetic resonance spectra, which rules out bridge‐reduced states as intermediates in the reaction path and confirms the superexchange mechanism. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

荧光光谱法研究二溴羟基卟啉与蛋白质的结合作用机理

应用荧光光谱法研究了meso-四(3,5-二溴-4-羟基苯基)卟啉[T(DBHP)P]与牛血清白蛋白(BSA)之间的结合反应,基于T(DBHP)P对BSA内源荧光的猝灭机理,测定了两者之间在不同温度下的结合常数,温度为27 ℃时,荧光猝灭法测得反应的结合常数为K=1.30×106 L·mol-1,温度为48 ℃时,K=6.32×105 L·mol-1,结合常数随温度升高而减小,由此判定该猝灭类型为静态猝灭。根据Frster非辐射能量转移理论,确定了T(DBHP)P与BSA之间的能量转移效率E=0.91,能量给体(BSA)与受体[T(DBHP)P]之间的结合距离r=2.39 nm<7 nm,符合非辐射能量转移条件。依据热力学参数ΔG<0,ΔH<0,ΔS>0确定了T(DBHP)P与BSA之间的作用力主要是静电引力。同时,利用同步荧光光谱,考察了T(DBHP)P对BSA构象的影响,结果发现,T(DBHP)P的加入使BSA构象发生变化,BSA内部残基所处环境的疏水性降低。     

吲哚美辛与牛血清白蛋白结合作用的研究

应用紫外光谱和荧光光谱研究了生理条件下吲哚美辛与牛血清白蛋白的相互作用机理,确定静态猝灭和非辐射能量转移是导致吲哚美辛对BSA荧光猝灭的两大原因。利用荧光猝灭反应求得药物与牛血清白蛋白之间的结合常数和结合位点数,根据热力学参数确定它们之间的作用力类型,依据能量转移理论计算二者相互结合时给体-受体间的距离和能量转移效率,结合紫外吸收光谱和荧光光谱结果, 探讨了吲哚美辛与牛血清白蛋白的相互作用模式。     

Influence of Temperature on Photoinduced Reactions of Organic Molecules in the Gas Phase

The influence of temperature on the rate constants of photoinduced intermolecular electron transfer, representing the first stage of photoinduced reactions, has been investigated based on analysis of the quenching of fluorescence of carbazole vapor by halomethanes (CHCl₃, CH₂Br₂, CCl₄, CHBr₃) and delayed fluorescence of benzophenone and anthraquinone vapors by aliphatic amines (diethylamine, dibutylamine, cyclohexylamine, triethylamine) and pyridine. It has been established that the rate constants of photoinduced electron transfer in different donor-acceptor pairs in the gas phase can increase or decrease with increase in the temperature from 433 to 623 K. The energies of activation and enthalpy of the fluorescence-quenching process have been determined. The interrelation between the rate constants of fluorescence quenching k _q and the free energy of electron transfer G _ET has been analyzed with account for the mean vibrational energy <E _vib> of the interacting molecules. It is shown that positive and negative temperature dependences k _q(T) are characteristic, respectively, of the regions of normal (k _ET increases with decrease in G _ET) and inverted (k _ET decreases with decrease in G _ET) changes in the rate constants caused by an increase in the exothermicity of the photoinduced electron transfer process.     

Investigations on Photoinduced Interaction of 9-Aminoacridine with Certain Catechols and Rutin

The fluorescence quenching of 9-aminoacridine by certain biologically important catechols and rutin was investigated using absorption, steady state and time resolved fluorescence measurements. The in vitro-antioxidant activities of the above compounds were studied using deoxyribose degradation assay and nitric oxide scavenging assay. The experimental results showed that the fluorescence of 9-aminoacridine was quenched by quencher molecules via forming ground state complex. The bimolecular quenching rate constant k(q), binding constant (K) and number of binding sites (n) were calculated at different temperatures from relevant fluorescence data. Static quenching mechanism was supported by lifetime measurement. The free energy change (ΔG(et)) for electron transfer process was calculated by Rehm-Weller equation. The binding distance of 4-nitrocatechol with 9-aminoacridine was obtained according to Forster's non-radiative energy transfer theory. Nature of binding forces and their interactions was probed based on thermodynamic parameters.     

Interaction between varenicline tartrate and bovine serum albumin

This paper mainly investigated the interaction between varenicline tartrate and bovine serum albumin. The Stern–Volmer quenching constant and bimolecular quenching rate constant were determined; furthermore, the fluorescence quenching mechanism between varenicline tartrate and bovine serum albumin was clarified. The binding constants and the number of binding sites were deduced from the double logarithm regression curve. Thermodynamic parameters were calculated, which indicated that the binding process was spontaneous and the acting force were mainly hydrophobic forces. The binding distance was calculated to be 4.80 nm, which means that there was nonradiative energy transfer from varenicline tartrate to bovine serum albumin during the process. And the bovine serum albumin conformation affected by varenicline tartrate was analyzed through ultraviolet–visible and synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy.     

淫羊藿苷与牛血清白蛋白相互作用

在模拟人体生理条件下,采用荧光光谱法及紫外-可见吸收光谱法研究了淫羊藿苷与牛血清白蛋白的相互作用。结果表明,淫羊藿苷对牛血清白蛋白有较强的猝灭作用,猝灭方式为静态猝灭。当温度为25℃和36℃时,淫羊藿苷对牛血清白蛋白的猝灭速率常数分别为4.37×10¹²mol·L^-1·s^-1和3.90×10¹²mol·L^-1·s^-1,结合常数K_A为3.55×10⁴L·mol^-1和3.97×10⁴L·mol^-1,结合位点数为1.12和1.04;根据Foerster非辐射能量转移理论,计算出淫羊藿苷与牛血清白蛋白之间的结合距离为2.08nm,热力学分析表明,淫羊藿苷与牛血清白蛋白之间以疏水作用力为主。     

激光闪光光解研究二羟基蒽醌和腺嘌呤/胞嘧啶的电子转移反应

采用纳秒时间分辨的激光闪光光解技术研究了乙腈/水混合溶液中二羟基蒽醌和腺嘌呤或胞嘧啶之间的电子转移反应. 在355 nm紫外光作用下,经由系间窜跃产生的三重态二羟基蒽醌与两碱基分别发生电子转移反应,其中碱基作为典型的电子给体. 基于测量到的反应瞬态中间体的动力学淬灭速率,两个反应过程被认为分步进行,先电子转移之后发生质子转移反应. 通过研究表观淬灭速率与两个碱基浓度的依赖关系,分别得到了两个双分子间电子转移反应的速率常数,分别是9.0×10⁸ L/(mol·s) (胞嘧啶)、3.3×10⁸ L/(mol·s) (腺嘌呤).     

Fluorescence quenching of 9-cyanoanthracene in presence of zinc tetraphenylporphyrin in a polar liquid medium

Steady-state and time-resolved techniques are used to study photoinduced electron and/or excitational energy transfer processes involved within a novel donor (zinc tetraphenylporphyrin)-acceptor (9-cyanoanthracene) system in a polar liquid medium (acetonitrile) at the ambient temperature (300 K). After photoexcitation of 9-cyanoanthracene, its fluorescence emission as well as lifetime are found to be quenched in presence of zinc tetraphenylporphyrin. The fluorescence quenching is ascribed to be due to the combined effect of electron transfer from zinc tetraphenylporphyrin to 9-cyanoanthracene and energy transfer (radiative as well as non-radiative) from 9-cyanoanthracene to zinc tetraphenylporphyrin. The highly exergonic values of Gibbs free energy change for both forward electron transfer reaction (−1.15 eV) and charge recombination reaction (−1.94 eV) indicate the possibilities of occurrences of these two processes in the Marcus inverted region. The fluorescence quenching rate due to photoinduced electron transfer reaction is found to be close to the diffusion-controlled limit within the present donor-acceptor system upon excitation of the acceptor molecules.     

A theoretical study of energy transfer in the quenching of O(1 D 2) by CO(1Σ+)

Energy transfer processes occurring during the collisional quenching of O(¹ D) by CO(¹Σ⁺) are studied using a classical collision complex model together with potentials previously derived for the C(³ P) + O₂(³Σ _g ^-) reaction. Room temperature quenching rate constants, electronic-vibrational transfer efficiencies and product vibrational state distributions are in good agreement with experiment. The calculated and experimental temperature dependences of the electronic-vibrational transfer efficiencies and vibrational populations, however, disagree. The effect of using vibrationally excited CO as a quenching partner is studied and shown to result in a lowering of the quenching rate constant by a factor of 4 at room temperature. Enhancement of initial translational energy by the equivalent of a vibrational quantum of energy leads to an even larger decrease in the rate constant. This difference between vibrational and translational energy enhancement is interpreted in terms of an increased centrifugal barrier in the latter case.     

External Heavy Atom Quenching of the Fluorescence of Pyrene via Charge-Transfer Complexes.

The third harmonic (355 nm) of a pulsed, Nd-YAG laser has been used to induce pyrene fluorescence in cyclohexane solution. The rate constants of fluorescence quenching of pyrene by alkyl and aryl bromides have been measured. The increase of k_q with increasing the electron affinity of the quencher is attributed to CT interactions between the fluorophore and the heavy atom quencher involving a CT encounter complex, in which the quencher acts as an electron acceptor.