谐振电机耦合型双效自由活塞斯特林子系统性能实验研究

本文提出了一种谐振电机耦合型双效自由活塞斯特林系统,其主要部件有自由活塞斯特林发动机子系统、谐振电机以及自由活塞斯特林制冷机/热泵子系统。全文针对谐振电机耦合型双效自由活塞斯特林子系统分别开展了制冷/热泵子系统、发动机子系统制冷和热功转换特性的实验研究。电驱动制冷子系统实验结果表明,当平均充气压力为3.3 MPa,工作频率为60.0 Hz,水冷温度19℃时,实验系统制冷效果较为显著,输入电功130 W时无负荷的制冷温度可以达到-23.7℃。发动机子系统热驱动声功输出特性实验结果表明,系统充气压力的变化对于系统热驱动起振特性有着十分明显的影响。另外,当平均充气压力为2.9 MPa,水冷温度22℃,外接电阻1500 Ω时,系统的加热功率越高,系统的热功转换性能越好。本文所开展的谐振电机耦合型双效自由活塞斯特林子系统的实验研究对未来要进行的整机系统热驱动制冷实验奠定重要基础。     

燃气和电驱动热声发动机的对比研究

热声发动机利用热声效应把热能高效转化为声功,系统中不存在任何机械运动部件,应用前景光明.热声发动机的一个突出优点是直接采用热能驱动,可以提高低温位热能的品位.在原有电驱动热声发动机的基础上,制作了一台燃气驱动行波热声发动机,以氮气为工质,充气压力为1.2 MPa时,获得了1.34的最大压比.对电驱动和燃气驱动两种加热方式作了对比研究,得到了燃气驱动条件下热声发动机的起振状态、加热功率和直流抑制的规律.     

一种扩散吸收式制冷系统的性能实验

设计了一套带有气液分离精馏设备的吸收扩散制冷装置,试验研究了提升管结构、热源加热温度、氨水浓度、充气压力对制冷装置的影响。新型的精馏结构在提高发生氨气纯度的同时,也可减少冷凝器的负荷(冷凝器进口温度为55℃左右)。实验在环境温度T0为25-35℃,溶液浓度ξ为25%-35%,充注压力P0为13-18 MPa,加热功率Pg为220-320 W的范围内进行。结果表明:浓度的提高可获得较大的冷量,一般28-32%为宜;适当的增加系统压力可降低蒸发温度;系统的冷量随加热功率的增加而提高;确定了提升管结构参数的选取。     

燃烧型超高频热声斯特林发电机实验研究

几十至几百瓦级便携式发电设备在离网应用和应急救灾等场景发挥着重要作用。自由活塞斯特林热机因其外燃属性带来的燃料适应性好、高效、可靠和静音等突出优点而有望成为便携式电源系统的重要发电技术。本文首次提出柴油气化燃烧驱动超高频自由活塞斯特林发电机的便携式发电系统。基于热声学的阻抗匹配和燃烧–交变流动热耦合,设计并研制了一套实验系统,实验中系统考察了不同燃烧功率下的输出特性,并开展了损失分析。初步实验结果表明,该发电系统在加热温度约为600℃时的最大输出电功为320 W,以柴油热值计算的最高热电效率为11.28%。受益于130 Hz的超高工作频率,发电机本体的比功率为90 W/kg,展现出良好的应用潜力。     

低频热驱动气–液耦合热声制冷系统数值模拟研究

提出了一种低频热驱动气–液耦合热声制冷系统,通过数值模拟优化了该系统的结构参数并对其热力性能进行了数值模拟分析。首先,分别对系统关键参数的沿程分布和各部件的?损失进行了分析;然后,探究了不同压力下液体质量对系统热力学参数的影响;最后,与传统热声制冷系统进行了对比。结果表明,气液耦合热声制冷系统可以有效地提升系统的压比、制冷量、COP和相对卡诺效率,降低系统的起振温度和频率。在加热温度300℃,制冷温度15℃,环境温度50℃,平均压力10 MPa时,气液耦合热声制冷系统制冷量为31.12 k W,是传统热声系统理论值的4倍,COP和相对卡诺效率相对于传统热声制冷系统的理论值分别提升了13%和25.9%。     

热声发动机起振、消振过程的动态行为

针对热声发动机中复杂的起振、消振行为,在自行研制的"驻波型热声发动机试验平台"上,开展了工质类型、加热功率、充气压力等参数对热声发动机起振、消振行为的影响规律研究.试验结果表明:当采用纯氦气和90%氦气+10%氩气的混合气体时,系统存在一最佳的充气压力值,使起振温度和消振温度达到最低;而其余工质,其起振温度与消振温度均随着充气压力增加而逐渐提高;与此同时,由于加热功率对板叠热端温度影响较小,故采用板叠热端温度作为行为特性参数更为合理.     

星载行波管高效率阴极热子组件优化设计

为减小X波段星载脉冲行波管的热子功率,对阴极热子组件结构进行了优化设计,利用ANSYS有限元软件对该阴极热子组件结构进行了热分析,得到结构的稳态温度场分布、阴极温度瞬态解以及加热功率与阴极温度的关系,并与实测结果进行对比,对比结果表明,阴极温度模拟与实验结果误差在1.3%以内,说明了所用模型和方法的可行性。在此基础上通过研究阴极支持筒不同开槽宽度、壁厚及材料下热子加热功率-阴极温度关系,对阴极支持筒进行了优化。模拟结果显示,优化后的阴极热子组件结构加热功率由8.2W降到6.7 W。     

直线电机驱动热压缩机数值模拟及实验研究

提出了一种利用活塞与气缸间间隙充当回热器的热压缩机系统,利用编制的程序,分析了充气压力,加热温度.余隙容积、活塞与气缸之间间隙.工质等对直线电机驱动的热压缩机系统性能的影响.研制了直线电机样机驱动热压缩机样机并进行了系统实验研究,得到了阻力元件、活塞与气缸壁壁间隙、热端加热温度对冷腔和热腔内压力峰-峰值的影响,表明He...     

可用于热声发电的曲柄连杆式换能器阻抗特性理论研究

热声发电系统具有高效、可靠、结构简单及外燃等独特优势,在煤层气发电、太阳能发电及工业余热利用等领域应用前景广阔。本文针对用于热声发电的曲柄连杆式换能器,建立了物理模型,讨论了活塞质量、转动惯量及电路负载对换能器阻抗特性的影响,表明固定频率、振幅的压力波驱动下,由于曲柄连杆式换能器行程固定,其阻抗幅值不变,而相位角随负载电阻减小而减小,阻抗实部值相应增大。最后根据换能器阻抗特性,简化模拟了采用曲柄连杆式换能器的行波热声发电系统DeltaEC模型,模拟显示在充气压力3.16 MPa、热源温度650℃时,系统可输出约645.4 W电功(热电效率16.6%),表明此换能器用于大功率、低成本热声发电的优势。本研究为曲柄连杆式换能器与大功率热声热机高效匹配的应用提供了理论基础。     

太阳能热声发动机热力性能的实验研究

设计搭建了太阳能热声发动机实验系统,它由双轴全自动跟踪菲涅尔透镜聚焦型集热器和小型化驻波热声发动机两大组件构成。分别对充注不同压力N_2、He、Ar三种工质的太阳能热声发动机的起振温度、起振时热声核温度分布、压力振幅进行了实验研究。结果表明,氮气、氦气和氩气在相同充气压力下,He起振温度最高,N_2起振温度最低;N_2在充气压力1.0 MPa时达到最低起振温度394.8℃,且其压力振幅对充气压力变化不敏感;Ar在充气压力1.0 MPa时达到最低起振温度418.2℃,且其压力振幅随着充气压力的升高而逐渐增加。实验结果为优化太阳能热声发动机系统的热力性能提供了实验依据。     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Measurement of nonlinear coefficient of optical fiber based on small chirped soliton transmission

We measure the waveform and phase curves of short optical pulses before and after transmission over different lengths of fibers by use of the pulse analyzer with the frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG),and numerically simulate pulse evolution under the experimental conditions.The nonlinear coefficient of the fiber is given by comparing the experimental results with the numerical ones.Difference between the experiment and numerical simulation is analyzed.     

Resonance scattering of canonical elastic shells in absorbing fluid medium

Resonance scattering of elastic spherical shell and cylindrical shell while the surrounding fluid medium has absorption is studied. The normal mode solution derived using exact elastic theory and the separation of variables is still applicable. However, the scattering form function has to be modified for the absorbing medium, otherwise the unreasonable result would be obtained. The backscattering form function in the absorbing medium is redefined, and the form function of elastic spherical and cylindrical shell with vacuum or solid matter filled is calculated in various absorption conditions. The results show that the absorption of surrounding fluid leads to notable attenuation of the coincidence resonances in the mid-frequency, but it has a little influence on the low-frequency resonance scattering induced by the filler inside the shell.