颗粒圆孔射流碰撞并行直接数值模拟算法研究

本文对空间模式发展的颗粒圆孔射流碰撞进行了并行直接数值模拟算法研究。气相采用可压缩的N-S方程直接求解。颗粒相采用Lagrangian方法跟踪实际的颗粒运动。利用并行求解算法,实现了颗粒穿越边界面的模拟以及高效颗粒碰撞算法。考虑了颗粒和流体的双相耦合以及颗粒之间的碰撞。在本文的计算条件下,颗粒的直径远小于网格的间距,平均的Kolmogorov尺度和网格的间距在一个量级。气相和颗粒相的应力与实验的对比研究表明,本文的颗粒并行程序是可信的。     

并行计算环境中的高效气热耦合方法

气热耦合计算有助于高温透平叶片热流和温度分布的准确预估。在气热耦合计算中,流体区域和固体区域可能采用不同的网格形式和不同的求解器;此外,在大涡模拟等大规模计算中,流体区域和固体区域的耦合需要在并行环境中进行。因此,需要发展在不同求解区域支持不同的网格形式和求解器,并且适用于大规模并行计算环境的高效气热耦合方法。本文发展了并行计算环境中的高效气热耦合方法,其流体域和固体域之间的耦合通过高效的并行数据交换来实现,其对求解器类型和网格形式以及负载分配没有限制。数值算例验证了本文气热耦合方法在并行计筛环境中的高效性和灵活性。     

后台阶气固两相流动的大涡模拟

本文基于开源计算流体力学软件OpenFOAM,开发了气固两相流动双向耦合求解器,并对Re=13800、颗粒直径为150μm的玻璃球的后台阶两相流动进行了计算。其中气相采用大涡模拟方法,用盒式过滤函数对流体相控制方程过滤求解。颗粒相采用拉格朗日方法对颗粒进行跟踪。将计算结果和实验数据进行对比,以此来检验颗粒受力计算模型和亚格子气固两相求解器的准确性。     

三维射流中颗粒与流体的双向耦合作用

采用基于欧拉一拉格朗日的双向耦合模型对三维气固两相平面射流中颗粒与流体的双向耦合作用进行了直接数值模拟.在考虑颗粒相的反作用后,气相运动采用直接耦合求解,计算颗粒场时,选取Stokes数为0.1的较小颗粒,采用Lagrangian方法跟踪其运动.重点考察了颗粒相与流体相之间的相互作用,分析了不同固相载率的颗粒对流场特性以及对自身扩散的影响.模拟结果表明由于颗粒的影响,在射流入口处流场最初生成的两个大涡沿横向被拉伸,而在射流下游区域,涡结构则沿流向被拉伸;在射流的下游,颗粒降低了流场中心区域的流向平均速度,削弱了流场中心区域的湍流强度.此外,跟单向耦合相比,双向耦合情况下的颗粒分布更加均匀,并且均匀程度随固相载率的增加而增大.     

空间发展湍流气粒两相平面混合层的大涡模拟与统计

本文对空间发展的湍流气固两相平面混合层流动进行了大涡模拟研究,其中气相亚网格尺度（SGS）使用结构函数模型,气相控制方程组采用SIMPLE方法求解,固体颗粒运动用拉格朗日方法计算。计算结果正确重现了流体涡结构的卷起、合并和破碎过程,以及小尺寸颗粒在涡边缘（低涡度区）的局部富集现象。对直径分别为42μm、72μm和135μm分别进行了模拟,并将统计结果和实验测量结果（Hishida　et　al[1]）比较,表明两者的平均速度吻合很好,但颗粒数密度和脉动速度存在较明显的差异,因此有必要对亚网格应力和颗粒之间的耦合作用以及拟序结构的三维性对颗粒运动的影响开展深入研究。     

气固鼓泡床的全尺度直接数值模拟

颗粒全尺度直接数值模拟由于不引入任何相间作用力封闭模型、同时又考虑了颗粒相与流体相之间的四向耦合,因而具有极高的计算精度和准度。本文采用内嵌边界多重直接力算法结合软球碰撞模型对实验室尺度的气固鼓泡流化床装置进行了全尺度直接数值模拟。计算结果真实还原了鼓泡流态化的流动情形,且能有效地捕捉装置内部流场的详细运动情况和涡结构。对流化床内颗粒在传统的离散元模型框架下进行曳力统计发现,平均曳力比全尺度模拟结果小约20%~30%。其具体数值因选取比较的曳力模型和统计网格而异。改进传统曳力模型需考虑颗粒群的非均匀性以及颗粒拟温度。     

高速气流作用下激光加热金属平板数值模拟

数值模拟研究了高速气流作用下激光加热金属平板温度场。流体控制方程为三维雷诺平均Navier-Stokes方程,固体控制方程为能量方程,湍流粘性系数求解使用k-ε两方程模型。采用流固耦合计算方法,使用两相流模型模拟气流对烧蚀物的剥蚀,较完整地模拟了激光辐照金属材料的物理变化过程,计算得到了不同气流速度下金属平板的温度分布以及烧蚀形貌。分别使用两相流方法和动网格方法对高速气流作用下激光对金属板的烧蚀效应进行了计算,结果表明,两相流方法与动网格方法都能较好地模拟高速气流作用下激光加热金属平板的温度响应,由于两相流方法能够较全面地模拟对流换热、熔化与凝固过程以及金属液体在气流冲刷下的动力学过程,因此能获得比动网格方法更为合理的物理图像。     

直接模拟离散颗粒对湍流射流的影响

发展了一种基于双向耦合的直接数值模拟方法,研究了两相湍流射流中离散颗粒对气相射流的影响。流场采用高分辨率的算法直接耦合求解,颗粒相采用拉格朗日方法跟踪。结果表明不同Stokes数的颗粒对射流的影响不同。所有的颗粒都降低了射流速度半宽,但对流向平均速度剖面的影响比较复杂.Stokes数为0.01和50的颗粒降低了横向平均速度,使得湍流强度剖面变的更宽更低;而Stokes数为1的颗粒则增加了横向平均速度,降低了湍流强度。     

贴体坐标系下模型加力室的大涡模拟

本文利用贴体网格对带V形槽稳定器模型加力燃烧室素流化学反应流流动进行大涡模拟的研究。采用区域法生成模型加力燃烧室的二维贴体网格,并采用多区域耦合法进行区域之间的数据传递,求解加力室整体流场。采用k方程亚网格尺度模型和亚网格EBU燃烧模型分别估算其亚网格紊流粘性和化学反应速率,用热通量辐射模型估算辐射通量,并用交错网格下SIMPLE算法和混合差分格式求解离散方程,壁面函数处理固壁边界条件。计算结果显示了稳定器后面的回流区气流结构,所得的热态流场模拟结果与实验比较吻合,表明采用贴体网格对模型加力燃烧室进行大涡模拟能真实反映流体流动及燃烧过程。     

气固两相各向同性湍流的自适应网格模拟

气固两相湍流是一个复杂的多尺度,多物理场的难题.为了捕捉流场的小尺度涡以及其对颗粒的作用,传统上采用了静态的高分辨率网格,消耗极大的计算资源.本文基于小波算法对网格进行加密或疏化,从而实现网格的自适应.基于自适应网格的框架上,建立颗粒与流场分块的映射,搭建了欧拉-拉格朗日的气固两相流模拟的并行平台.通过对均匀各向同性湍...     

可压剪切层线性稳定性特征直接数值模拟

基于伪随机数生成技术促白噪声扰动,以高精度迎风／对称紧致混合差分算法求解二维／三维非定常可压Navier－Stokes方程,揭示了可压自由剪切层初始剪切过程中扰动的线性演化特征,以及该过程对扰动波数和方向的内在选择性,验证了所用算法的有效性,表明线性理论同数值模拟相结合是可压剪切层研究的合理途径之一。     

Simulating coupled dynamics of a rigid-flexible multibody system and compressible fluid

As a subsequent work of previous studies of authors, a new parallel computation approach is proposed to simulate the coupled dynamics of a rigid-flexible multibody system and compressible fluid. In this approach, the smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method is used to model the compressible fluid, the natural coordinate formulation (NCF) and absolute nodal coordinate formulation (ANCF) are used to model the rigid and flexible bodies, respectively. In order to model the compressible fluid properly and efficiently via SPH method, three measures are taken as follows. The first is to use the Riemann solver to cope with the fluid compressibility, the second is to define virtual particles of SPH to model the dynamic interaction between the fluid and the multibody system, and the third is to impose the boundary conditions of periodical inflow and outflow to reduce the number of SPH particles involved in the computation process. Afterwards, a parallel computation strategy is proposed based on the graphics processing unit (GPU) to detect the neighboring SPH particles and to solve the dynamic equations of SPH particles in order to improve the computation efficiency. Meanwhile, the generalized-alpha algorithm is used to solve the dynamic equations of the multibody system. Finally, four case studies are given to validate the proposed parallel computation approach.     

A Multiphase Godunov Method for Compressible Multifluid and Multiphase Flows

We propose a new model and a solution method for two-phase compressible flows. The model involves six equations obtained from conservation principles applied to each phase, completed by a seventh equation for the evolution of the volume fraction. This equation is necessary to close the overall system. The model is valid for fluid mixtures, as well as for pure fluids. The system of partial differential equations is hyperbolic. Hyperbolicity is obtained because each phase is considered to be compressible. Two difficulties arise for the solution: one of the equations is written in non-conservative form; non-conservative terms exist in the momentum and energy equations. We propose robust and accurate discretisation of these terms. The method solves the same system at each mesh point with the same algorithm. It allows the simulation of interface problems between pure fluids as well as multiphase mixtures. Several test cases where fluids have compressible behavior are shown as well as some other test problems where one of the phases is incompressible. The method provides reliable results, is able to compute strong shock waves, and deals with complex equations of state.     

A coupled pressure-based computational method for incompressible/compressible flows

Pressure-based flow solvers couple continuity and linearized truncated momentum equations to derive a Poisson type pressure correction equation and use the well known SIMPLE algorithm. Momentum equations and the pressure correction equation are typically solved sequentially. In many cases this method results in slow and often difficult convergence. The current paper proposes a novel computational algorithm, solving for pressure and velocity simultaneously within a pressure-correction coupled solution approach using finite volume method on structured and unstructured meshes. The method can be applied to both incompressible and subsonic compressible flows. For subsonic compressible flows, the energy equation is also coupled with flow field and the density of fluid is obtained by equation of state. The procedure eliminates the pressure correction step, the most expensive component of the SIMPLE-like algorithms. The proposed coupled continuity-momentum-energy equation method can be used to simulate steady state or transient flow problems. The method has been tested on several CFD benchmark cases with excellent results showing dramatically improved numerical convergence and significant reduction in computational time.     

求解可压Navier-Stokes方程的对称超紧致差分格式及其并行算法

考查了超紧致差分方法,并将其精度同传统差分格式和紧致差分格式做了比较,结果显示超紧致方法具有良好求解效率.用分块流水线方法设计了超紧致差分格式的并行算法,进行数值实验及并行性能分析.     

Scattering of spatially inhomogeneous sound waves by a spherical particle

The problem of monopole, dipole, and rotational scattering of a spatially inhomogeneous time-harmonic sound field by an arbitrary spherical particle is solved for the cases of the medium being a viscous compressible liquid or an isotropic elastic medium. Equations for the spherical mean fields at the particle are obtained. These equations are used to derive the formulas for the scattered fields. Different limiting cases of particle behavior are considered. In particular, it is shown that the dipole scattering is determined by two components of particle oscillations, one of which corresponds to translational oscillatory motion and the other to oscillations of two antiphase monopoles. For these types of particle oscillations, a scattering matrix, which determines the scattering of an arbitrary field by a particle, is constructed. The matrix allows the formalization of the processes of multiple sound scattering by particles and is valid for any distances between the particles down to their contact.     

基于低马赫数方法的内嵌边界数值算法研究

低马赫数方法通过对可压缩方程中的压力波进行过滤,得到的方程能够对于反应或者传热造成密度出现较大波动问题进行很好描述。此方面的研究大多数集中在多相反应等问题上,然而工程实际上普遍存在的流固耦合以及多场耦合问题却鲜有涉及。本文将低马赫数方法与内嵌边界方法进行结合发展出可以用来求解弱可压缩流动中的流固耦合以及传热问题的数值算法。本文对加热圆柱在封闭腔体内的自然对流进行研究,同时也对本文提出的算法的正确性以及准确性进行了验证。     

可压涡卷空间演化的迎风紧致差分数值模拟

从数值算法的耗散和色散特征的时空全离散Fourier分析出发,通过直接求解二维非定常可压Navier Stokes方程,将发展的5阶迎风紧致差分格式用于无约束可压平面受迫剪切层中基频涡卷空间演化过程的数值模拟.采用被动守恒标量等方法显示了基频涡卷的饱和、一次对并、二次对并等现象,据此探讨了入口来流亚谐扰动引起的初值效应问题,表明可压大尺度涡结构空间演化形态与受迫扰动方式之间存在关联.     

统一坐标系下二维气动方程组的Runge-Kutta间断Galerkin有限元方法

构造了统一坐标系下二维可压缩气动方程组的Runge-Kutta 间断Galerkin(RKDG)有限元格式. 文中将流体力学方程组和几何守恒律统一求解, 所有计算都在固定的网格上进行, 在计算过程中不需要网格节点的速度信息. 文中对几个数值算例进行了数值模拟, 得到了较好的数值模拟结果.