Synthesis of trifluoromethyl-promoted functional pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine and pyrazolo[5,1-d][1,2,3,5]tetrazine-4(3H)-ones

Ethyl 5-amino-3-trifluoromethyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxylate (1) was efficiently synthesized via the condensation of ethyl cyanoacetate and trifluoroacetic anhydride, followed by chloridization and the condensation with aqueous hydrazine. Its unique reactivity was exploited for the synthesis of trifluoromethylated pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine (5) and pyrazolo[5,1-d][1,2,3,5]tetrazine-4(3H)-ones (8a-j). Among them, 5 was firstly found to be a novel fluorescent molecule that might be exploited as an attractive fluorophore for possessing many binding sites, and its fluorescence intensity was obviously stronger than its methyl analogue. 8 were found to be a new chemical class of potential monocotyledonous Echinochloa crus-galli L. Beauv inhibitors, and were more active than their methyl analogues.     

Synthesis and rearrangement of cycloalkyl[1,2-e]oxazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidin-8/9-ones: an access to cycloalkyl[1,2-d]oxazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidin-5-ones

2-Substituted-4a-hydroxy-9H-cycloalkyl[1,2-e]oxazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidin-9-ones 2a-c were synthesized by an one-step cyclocondensation from the 5-substituted-2-amino-2-oxazolines 1a-c with ethyl 2-oxocyclohexanecarboxylate in ethanol at room temperature, and easily dehydrated to provide 2-substituted-9H-cycloalkyl[1,2-e]oxazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidin-9-ones 3. In refluxing xylene, the reaction conducted with various ethyl 2-oxocycloalkanecarboxylates led to the two isomeric 2-substituted-8/9H-cycloalkyl[1,2-e]oxazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidin-8/9-ones 3 and 2-substituted-5H-cycloalkyl[1,2-d]oxazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidin-5-ones 4. The structure of some compounds was unambiguously established using X-ray crystallography. According to results from the DSC analysis of compound 2a, formation of the thermodynamically stable pyrimidinones 4 could be related to an intramolecular rearrangement of kinetically controlled pyrimidinones 3.     

Synthesis and structure of benzimidazo[1,2-c][1,2,3]thiadiazoles: first examples of a novel ring system

(1-Amino-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)methanol 1 with thionyl chloride at reflux afforded 3-chlorobenzimidazo[1,2-c][1,2,3]thiadiazole 4, which reacted with various nucleophiles to give different products depending on the nature of the solvent. The structures of 4 and di(benzimidazo[1,2-c][1,2,3]thiadiazol-3-yl)sulfide 8 were confirmed by single-crystal X-ray analysis.     

A convenient synthesis of new pyrido[3,2-e][1,4]diazepine-2,5-diones and pyrido[2,3-e][1,4]diazepine-2,5-diones

A convenient synthesis of a series of pyrido[3,2-e][1,4]-diazepine-2,5-diones 8 and pyrido[2,3-e][1,4]diazepine-2,5-diones 9, is reported using the condensation of α-amino acid methyl ester derivatives with 1H-pyrido[3,2-d][1,3]oxazine-2,4-dione and 1H-pyrido[2,3-d][1,3]oxazine-2,4-dione. Compounds 8 and 9 were also synthesized by peptide coupling of α-amino acid methyl ester derivatives with β-amino acids (2 or 3) followed by the cyclisation in tetrahydrofuran with sodium hydride (NaH).     

A facile synthesis and thio-Claisen rearrangement of 3-aryl-2-phenyl-5-prop-2-ynylsulfanyl-3H-pyrimidin-4-ones: regioselective transformation to thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidin-4-ones

The synthesis and transformation of previously unknown 3-aryl-2-phenyl-5-prop-2-ynylsulfanyl-3H-pyrimidin-4-ones 3a-e to novel thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidin-4-ones 4a-e are reported.     

The synthesis of pyrrolo[2,3-c][1,2,6]thiadiazine-5-carbonitriles from (4H-1,2,6-thiadiazin-4-ylidene)malononitriles

[3,5-Bis(dialkylamino)-4H-1,2,6-thiadiazin-4-ylidene]propanedinitriles 6a-c, react with sodium methoxide or ethoxide to give the corresponding 6-alkoxy-4-dialkylamino substituted pyrrolo[2,3-c][1,2,6]thiadiazine-5-carbonitriles 7a-f in variable yields. These new compounds are fully characterised and two rational mechanisms are proposed for their formation.     

Synthesis and reactivity of pyrrolo[3,2-d][1,3]oxazine-2,4-dione. Access to new pyrrolo[3,2-e][1,4]diazepine-2,5-diones

A convenient synthesis of pyrrolo[3,2-d][1,3]oxazine-2,4-dione 4 is described and its reactivity towards various nucleophiles studied. The regioselective ring opening of anhydride 4 or its N-alkylated analog 25 in the presence of alanine or proline afforded, respectively, imidazolidinedione 22 and N-protected pyrrolo[3,2-e][1,4]diazepines 30 and 31 in a one-pot process. In a last part of this study, an alternative route to produce a library of eight non protected pyrrolo[3,2-e][1,4]diazepine-2,5-diones 35a–h is described to overcome the limited reactivity of anhydride 4.     

New iminophosphorane-mediated synthesis of thieno[3′,2′:4,5]thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidin-4(3H)-ones and 5H-2,3-dithia-5,7-diaza-cyclopenta[c,d]indenes

Mono(iminophosphorane) 4 was selectively prepared from the reaction of 3,4-diaminothieno[2,3-b]thiophene 3 with excess triphenylphosphine, C₂Cl₆, and Et₃N due to intramolecular double hydrogen bond formation. Mono(iminophosphorane) 4 reacted with aromatic isocyanates to give stable carbodiimides 8, which were further treated with aliphatic secondary or primary amines to give 2-amino substituted thieno[3′,2′:4,5]thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidin-4(3H)-ones 10 or 12 in the presence of a catalytic amounts of EtO⁻Na⁺. However, in the presence of a catalytic amounts of potassium carbonate, the carbodiimides 8 were transformed into previously unreported 5H-2,3-dithia-5,7-diaza-cyclopenta[c,d]indenes 13 via direct cyclization in high yields. The reaction of carbodiimides 8 with phenols in the presence of a catalytic amounts of potassium carbonate gave a mixture of 2-aryloxy substituted thieno[3′,2′:4,5]thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidin-4(3H)-ones 14 and 13. X-ray structure analysis of 10m supported the structure and the proposed reactivity of amino group.     

Studies on uracils: a facile one-pot synthesis of oxazino[4,5-d]-, pyrano[2,3-d]-, pyrido[2,3-d]- and pyrimido[4,5-d]pyrimidines using microwave irradiation in the solid state

N,N-Dimethyl-5-formylbarbituric acid 1 reacts with maleimide 2 and phenyl isocyanate/phenyl isothiocyanate 4 under microwave-assisted conditions in the solid phase to afford pyrano[2,3-d]pyrimidines 3 and oxazino[4,5-d]pyrimidines 5 in excellent yields. Under identical conditions, N,N-dimethyl-6-amino-5-formyluracil 6 reacts with 2 and 4 to give pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivative 7 and pyrimido[4,5-d]pyrimidines 8 in high yields.     

Substituted coumarin amidines: useful building blocks for the preparation of [1]benzopyrano[4,3-b]pyridin-5-one and [1]benzopyrano[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-one derivatives

The synthesis of [1]benzopyrano[4,3-b]pyridin-5-ones 4a-f and 4g-j starting from 3-formylcoumarin and 3-cyanocoumarin N-functionalized amidines 3a-f and 3g-j, respectively, was reported. The ring-closure reaction mechanism, under basic or acidic media, was proposed. Furthermore, the reaction of 3-formylamidines 3a,c-f with ammonium acetate gave good yields of 2-substituted [1]benzopyrano[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-ones 7.     

Synthesis of sulfur containing analogues of the soluble guanylate cyclase inhibitor 8-bromo-4H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[3,4-c][1,4]benzoxazin-1-one NS2028

Sulfur analogues of the soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) inhibitor NS2028 1a are synthesized. Treating 8-bromo-2H-benzo[b][1,4]oxazin-3(4H)-one oxime (6) with 1,1′-thiocarbonyldiimidazole (1.1 equiv) gave the carbamothioate 8-bromo-4H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[3,4-c][1,4]benzoxazine-1-thione (3a) in 83% yield. Alternatively reacting NS2028 1a with P₂S₅ (0.5 equiv) affords the carbamothioate 3a in 80% yield. Similar treatment of 8-aryl substituted NS2028 analogues 1b-d with P₂S₅ gave the carbamothioates 3b-d in 64-91% yields. Although quite stable, the carbamothioates 3a-d could be thermally isomerized in the presence of Cu (10 mol %) to afford the thiocarbamates 4a-d in high yields. Interestingly, in the case of carbamothioate 3a Pd and In metals also facilitated the isomerization. Furthermore, treatment of the thiocarbamates 4a-d with P₂S₅ (0.5 equiv) affords the carbamodithioates 5a-d in 72-89% yields. All new compounds are fully characterized including single crystal X-ray data for carbamothioate 3a and thiocarbamate 4a. Finally, a mechanism is proposed for the carbamothioate to thiocarbamate isomerization.     

Stabilization of (N-methyleneamino)imidoylketenes: synthesis of dipyrazolo[1,2-a;1′,2′-d][1,2,4,5]tetrazines

Thermolysis of substituted methyl 1-methyleneamino-4,5-dioxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylates 2a,b led to substituted dimethyl 3,9-dioxo-1,5,7,11-tetrahydro-1H,7H-dipyrazolo[1,2-a;1′,2′-d][1,2,4,5]tetrazine-1,7-dicarboxylates 4a,b and methyl 2,5-dihydro-5-oxo-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylates 5a,b as minor products. The structure of compound 4a was determined by X-ray crystallography. The proposed mechanism of this conversion includes generation of (N-methyleneamino)imidoylketenes 6a,b and its intramolecular transformation to azomethine imines—5-oxo-2,5-dihydropyrazole-1-methylium-2-ides 7a,b, which undergo dimerization in head-to-tail manner yielding products 4a,b and partially hydrolyse to compounds 5a,b.     

A one-pot synthesis of 3-methyl-5-aryl-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]-isoxazoles

Sharpless epoxidation of 4-amino-3-methyl-5-styrylisoxazoles 1 resulted in the formation of 3-methyl-5-aryl-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]-isoxazoles 4 in a one-step reaction. The reaction initially involves epoxide formation, followed by ring-opening and cyclization. Finally dehydration leads to the title compounds. The pyrrolo[2,3-d]-isoxazoles 4 were also synthesized via an alternative procedure.     

A convenient synthesis of partially reduced benzo[c]phenanthrenes, its ketals and ketones

A concise and convenient synthesis of various partially reduced 6-sec-amino-1,2,3,4,7,8-hexahydro-, 6-sec-amino-1,2,7,8-tetrahydrobenzo[c]phenanthrene-5-carbonitriles, 6-sec-amino-3,4,7,8-tetrahydro-1H-benzo[c]phenanthrene-2-one-5-carbonitrile cycloalkene ketals, pendant with electron donor and acceptor substituents has been described through base catalyzed ring transformation of 2-oxo-4-sec-amino-5,6-dihydro-2H-benzo[h]chromene-3-carbonitriles by cyclohexanone, 2-cyclohexen-1-one, 1,4-cyclohexanedione monocycloalkene ketals. The acid catalyzed deketalation of 6-sec-amino-3,4,7,8-tetrahydro-1H-benzo[c]phenanthrene-2-one-carbonitrile ketals led to yield 6-sec-amino-3,4,7,8-tetrahydro-1H-benzo[c]phenanthrene-3-carbonitrile-2-ones in excellent yield. We also performed the X-ray studies of the molecules 3d and 6a to know the degree of non-planarity.     

Substituent-induced regioselective synthesis of 1,2-teraryls and pyrano[3,4-c]pyran-4,5-diones from 2H-pyran-2-ones

Substituent-controlled regioselective synthesis of highly functionalized 1,2-teraryls 3a-k has been achieved through ring transformation of 6-aryl-4-(pyrrolidin-1-yl/piperidin-1-yl)-2H-pyran-2-one-3-carbonitriles 1a-g by aryl acetones 2a-c in the presence of powdered KOH in DMF in very good yield. Under similar reaction conditions, 6-aryl-4-methylsulfanyl-2H-pyran-2-ones 5a-f afforded 1,7-diaryl-2-methyl-4H,5H-pyrano[3,4-c]pyran-4,5-diones 6a-j as major products and 3,4-diaryl-2-methyl-6-methylsulfanylbenzonitriles as minor constituents 7a-j.     

A novel synthesis of aryl tethered imidazo[4,5-b]pyrazin-2-ones through in situ ring construction and contraction

An innovative synthesis of aryl tethered 1,3-dimethylimidazo[4,5-b]pyrazin-2-ones 4 and 6 has been delineated through base catalyzed ring transformation of 6-aryl-4-(piperidin-1-yl)-2H-pyran-2-one-3-carbonitriles 1 and methyl 6-aryl-4-methylsulfanyl-2H-pyran-2-one-3-carboxylates 5 with 7-acetyl-1,3-dimethyllumazine 2 with subsequent ring contraction of the fused pyrimidine to an imidazole ring. An additional product, methyl [6-(1,3-dimethyl-2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-imidazo[4,5-b]pyrazin-5-yl)-4-thiophen-2-ylpyran-2-ylidene]acetate 8b, was also isolated from the reaction of 5 and 2, as a minor constituent.     

Synthesis and combinatorial approach of the reactivity of 6- and 7-arylthieno[3,2-d][1,3]oxazine-2,4-diones

This paper describes a general procedure for the synthesis of new substituted thiaisatoic anhydrides or 6- or 7-aryl-1H-thiéno[3,2-d][1,3]oxazine-2,4-diones 3a-j and 4a-f. They were synthesized in large scale under microwave heating conditions with high yields. The reactivity vs nucleophilic reagents of these compounds was studied and permitted to develop a simple combinatorial procedure to synthesize a library of new thiophene ureidoacids 7a-j and 8a-j.     

An innovative approach to the synthesis of annelated [a]diaza-anthracenones through tandem cyclization

An innovative route for the synthesis of a novel class of 4-aryl-11-oxo-1,2,3,11-tetrahydro-1,3a-diazacyclopenta[a]anthracene-6-carbonitriles 5a-h and 5-aryl-12-oxo-1,3,4,12-tetrahydro-2H-1,4a-diazabenzo[a]anthracene-7-carbonitriles 5i-k has been developed by ring transformation of suitably functionalized 2H-pyran-2-ones 1 with α-oxoketene cyclic aminals 2 to give compounds 4 followed by photo-induced cyclization.     

Acylation of pyrazolo[3,4-<Emphasis Type="Italic">d</Emphasis>][1,2,3]triazin-4-ones

Acylation and sulfonylation of substituted pyrazolo[3,4-d][1,2,3]triazin-4-ones, as well as reactions with acylating agents proceeding via destruction of the triazine ring are studied.     

Synthesis and tautomeric structure of 6-arylhydrazono 1H-pyrazolo[3′,4′:4,5]pyrimido[1,6-b][1,2,4]triazepines

A simple synthetic strategy is described for synthesis of the hitherto unreported 6-arylhydrazono-1,3-diphenyl-7-methyl-1H-pyrazolo[3′,4′:4,5]pyrimido[1,6-b][1,2,4]triazepin-5(6H)-ones 5a-j. The acid dissociation constants were determined for the series prepared and were correlated by the Hammett equation using the enhanced substituent constants. The results of such a correlation together with the spectral data indicated that the studied compounds exist predominantly in the hydrazone tautomeric form.