b／a＝0．5的椭圆形通道内非牛顿流体的强化传热

对非牛顿流体在小尺寸椭圆形通道内的层流受迫对流传热进行了实验研究。实验介质为１５００Ｗｐｐｍ的Ｃａｒｂｏｐｏｌ－９３４中性水溶液。采用直接通电的方法对管壁四周等热流加热。结果表明，椭圆通道内，非牛顿流体Ｃａｒｂｏｐｏｌ水溶液的换热强于牛顿流体水，约高出水５０％左右，说明粘弹性流体在椭圆形通道内也产生二次流并能强化换热；与同种浓度的Ｃａｒｂｏｐｏｌ水溶液在方形通道内的换热结果相比，椭圆通道内的换热高于方形通道。流体的压力降则不受粘弹性的影响，仍符合幂律流体的阻力系数关系式（ｆ＝１６／Ｒｅ＊）。     

基于格子Boltzmann方法的幂律流体二维顶盖驱动流转捩研究

研究非牛顿流体转捩问题,可为调控非牛顿流体动力特性提供理论基础.相对于牛顿流体转捩问题,非牛顿流体转捩研究较少,缺乏转捩雷诺数精细预报方法.论文以格子Boltzmann方法为核心求解器,以典型非牛顿流体幂律模型为例,开展了幂律流体二维顶盖驱动流转捩模拟,给出剪切变稀和剪切增稠流体的第一转捩雷诺数,并分析了转捩雷诺数附近流场时频域特性及模态分布.结果表明,剪切变稀流体和剪切增稠流体的第一转捩雷诺数与牛顿流体差异显著,且在转捩临界雷诺数附近监控点处速度分量均呈现周期性变化趋势.通过对流场速度和涡量的本征正交分解发现,不同类型的流体在转捩临界雷诺数附近,前两阶模态均为流场的主模态,能量占比超过95%,且同类型流体不同雷诺数的主模态间具有相似的结构.     

周期性通道内非牛顿流体的流动与换热的实验研究

本文用实验方法研究了两种不同浓度的非牛顿流体（ＰＡＭ溶液）在不同温度下的流变曲线及其在周期性通道内的流动与换热规律。实验结果表明,两种ＰＡＭ溶液的稠度系数Ｋ随温度升高而减小,而流变指数ｎ则随温度升高而增加。两种浓度ＰＡＭ溶液在周期性通道内的换热强度和阻力损失均比水高。同时,在Ｒｅ 在１０～５０的范围内,通道内非牛顿流体的流动与换热规律可整理成形如 Ｎｕ＝ Ｃ１Ｒｅ＊ｍ１和 ｆ＝ Ｃ２Ｒｅ＊,ｍ２的形式。     

非牛顿纳米流体在螺旋隔板翅片管换热器与弓形隔板光滑管换热器壳程的换热性能对比

选用黄原胶作为非牛顿流体基液,碳纳米管为纳米添加粒子,实验研究了非牛顿纳米流体及其基液在螺旋隔板翅片管换热器和弓形隔板光滑管换热器的壳程冷却传热性能。实验结果表明,两台换热器的对流传热系数和压降均随雷诺数的升高而升高。与基液相比,非牛顿纳米流体在螺旋隔板翅片管换热器和弓形隔板光滑管换热器中的壳程传热系数分别提高31.3%和18.3%,其压降分别增大36.1%~52.6%和35.6%~41.4%。在雷诺数相同时,非牛顿纳米流体在螺旋隔板翅片管换热器的综合热性能为弓形隔板光滑管换热器的2.78~2.93倍。     

微尺度平面射流冲击的强化传热实验研究

本文以煤油为工质进行了窄缝射流冲击传热实验研究。对射流冲击平板时的局部传热分布做了测定，并发现了局部换热强化现象，这是由于存在壁面射流区边界层流动由层流向湍流的过渡。实验采用宽度为１２５μｍ的窄缝喷嘴，射流出口速度为６～１４ｍ／ｓ，雷诺数Ｒｅ范围６００～１２００。     

流体变物性对细矩形通道流动和传热的影响

以细矩形通道为研究对象,基于CFD的二次开发技术,采用流体固体共轭传热技术数值研究了流体变物性和入口平均物性对细矩形通道平均流动和平均传热特性的影响,同时研究了流体变物性对细通道转捩雷诺数的影响,为进一步揭示微细通道的流动和传热机理提供了依据.     

恒定非均匀磁场调控下的强制对流传热数值研究

分别对雷诺数、磁场强度和磁纳米流体浓度进行了讨论，并将数字高程模型(DEM)应用到梯度磁场模型的建立，分析了磁场梯度大小和方向对传热效果的影响。结果表明：雷诺数、磁场强度和梯度与传热效果呈正相关，在磁场介入的情况下，磁纳米流体浓度对传热效果的影响存在一个最佳值；磁场梯度方向垂直于流动方向时对传热的强化效果最显著。以平均努塞尔数和压降为目标参数，利用正交试验设计的方法研究了各变量对传热效果影响的权重大小，得到各变量取值范围内的最佳组合。     

粗糙平板微通道流动和传热的数值模拟

以粗糙平行平板微通道为研究对象,以三角形锯齿状粗糙元模拟固体表面的粗糙度,采用CFD流体固体共轭传热技术数值研究了绝对粗糙度和相对粗糙度对平行平板微通道流动和传热特性的影响,着重分析了粗糙度和流体速度对水力入口段长度和热力入口段长度的影响规律,同时研究了相对粗糙度对微通道转捩雷诺数的影响,为进一步揭示微微通道的流动和传热机理提供了依据.     

微酒窝通道与圆柱面凹槽通道对流传热强化分析

结合对流传热场协同原理分析了微酒窝通道、圆柱面凹槽通道及低肋通道强化传热特点,研究发现酒窝与圆柱面凹槽强化传热主要原因为:1)增加近壁区流体扰动,促进酒窝或凹槽内部流体与主流之间的传热;2)酒窝与凹槽均可扩展传热面积,进而提高总传热量。与低肋通道相比,酒窝与圆柱面凹槽仅对其附近流体的流动产生影响,而对主流流体的流动影响较小,进而阻力增加较少。提出传热量单元性能参数PEC_A作为评价指标,酒窝通道综合性能参数略高于圆柱面凹槽通道,而远高于低肋通道。     

SiO_2纳米流体射流冲击泡沫金属强化传热数值模拟

射流冲击拥有强化传热作用,被广泛应用在各个科技领域,而泡沫金属与纳米流体对强化传热起到有利作用。为分析SiO_2纳米流体射流冲击泡沫金属强化传热作用,在计算流体力学(CFD)基础上,通过数值模拟方法对影响传热的一些因素进行分析,通过改变雷诺数(Re)、纳米流体体积分数(ψ)、泡沫金属孔隙率(φ)和高度(H)来分析不同影响因素对表面传热系数的影响。     

具有隔板的平行通道内空气混合对流换热数值模拟

本文以锅炉干排渣装置为背景,对抽象的理论模型具有隔板的平行通道内空气混合对流换热进行了数值模拟.数值计算表明,在Re＞1000时应采用非稳态数学模型进行数值模拟;在Re＞500时,自然对流机制对流动和换热的影响基本可以忽略.数值计算给出了不同Re时的进出口无量纲压差、局部的Nux和平均Nu以及流线图.这些结果可为深入研究干排渣装置中流动和换热特性提供参考.     

Laminar Heat Transfer Augmentation through A Square Duct and Circular Tube Fitted with Twisted Tapes

Experimental studies on friction factor and heat transfer characteristics for the laminar flow of ethylene glycol in a square duct fitted with twisted tapes of different twist ratios under nearly uniform wall temperature conditions are reported in this article. The Nusselt numbers were found to be 5.44–7.49 and 2.46–4.87 times that of plain square duct forced convection values based on constant flow rate and constant pumping power criteria, respectively, for y = 2.66. The augmented friction factor and Nusselt number for a square duct is about 1.9 and 2.10 times higher than that for an augmented circular tube.     

The effect of velocity and dimension of solid nanoparticles on heat transfer in non-Newtonian nanofluid

In this investigation, the behavior of non-Newtonian nanofluid hydrodynamic and heat transfer are simulated. In this study, we numerically simulated a laminar forced non-Newtonian nanofluid flow containing a 0.5 wt% carboxy methyl cellulose (CMC) solutionin water as the base fluid with alumina at volume fractions of 0.5 and 1.5 as the solid nanoparticle. Numerical solution was modelled in Cartesian coordinate system in a two-dimensional microchannel in Reynolds number range of 10≤Re≤1000. The analyzed geometrical space here was a rectangular part of whose upper and bottom walls was influenced by a constant temperature. The effect of volume fraction of the nanoparticles, Reynolds number and non-Newtonian nanofluids was studied. In this research, the changes pressure drop, the Nusselt number, dimensionless temperature and heat transfer coefficient, caused by the motion of non-Newtonian nanofluids are described. The results indicated that the increase of the volume fraction of the solid nanoparticles and a reduction in the diameter of the nanoparticles would improve heat transfer which is more significant in Reynolds number. The results of the introduced parameters in the form of graphs drawing and for different parameters are compared.     

Cooling performance of a nanofluid flow in a heat sink microchannel with axial conduction effect

In this work, the forced convection of a nanofluid flow in a microscale duct has been investigated numerically. The governing equations have been solved utilizing the finite volume method. Two different conjugated domains for both flow field and substrate have been considered in order to solve the hydrodynamic and thermal fields. The results of the present study are compared to those of analytical and experimental ones, and a good agreement has been observed. The effects of Reynolds number, thermal conductivity and thickness of substrate on the thermal and hydrodynamic indexes have been studied. In general, considering the wall affected the thermal parameter while it had no impact on the hydrodynamics behavior. The results show that the effect of nanoparticle volume fraction on the increasing of normalized local heat transfer coefficient is more efficient in thick walls. For higher Reynolds number, the effect of nanoparticle inclusion on axial distribution of heat flux at solid–fluid interface declines. Also, less end losses and further uniformity of axial heat flux lead to an increase in the local normalized heat transfer coefficient.     

LOW REYNOLDS NUMBER FORCED CONVECTION IN MICRO WIRE SCREENS AT ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE AND LOW PRESSURES

Very low Reynolds number forced-convection heat transfer of air flow through microscale wire screens with equivalent channel diameters of 34.34 and 93.75 mum (surface area density 67,400 and 32,300 m² / m³) was measured using resistance thermometry, in which the surface temperature was detected through the measurement of electric resistance of the screens. The dependency of the Nusselt number on the Reynolds number, screen porosity, and Knudsen number was investigated at Reynolds numbers ranging from 0.03 to 5.7. The results show that the screen porosity has great influence on the heat convection and the Nusselt number is higher in the case of higher porosity. When the Reynolds number increases from 0.03 to 3, the Nusselt number increases by two orders of magnitude, and the growth rate gradually slows down. In the very low Reynolds number region, the j factor has a maximum value. In the test region, the influence of the Knudsen number on heat convection is small.     

非牛顿流体在周期性渐扩渐缩通道内层流流动与换热的实验研究

本文用实验方法研究了浓度为１５００ｗｐｐｍ的聚丙烯酰胺（ＰＡＭ）溶液在周期性渐扩渐缩通道内层流流动与换热问题。研究表明,大约经过８个周期后流动进入充分发展阶段,而换热则要经过大约２０个周期后才能进入充分发展阶段。在充分发展阶段,阻力系数和换热Ｎｕｓｓｅｌｔ数随广义 Ｒｅｙｎｏｌｄｓ数的变化关系式分别为： ｆ＝ １３５ × Ｒｅ＊－０．６３２和 Ｎｕ＝ １０．５ × Ｒｅ＊０．５９８。     

AN EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF HEAT TRANSFER AND FLUID FLOW IN A RECTANGULAR DUCT WITH BROKEN V-SHAPED RIBS

An experimental investigation of heat transfer and fluid flow in a rectangular duct roughened by broken V-shaped ribs pointing upstream was carried out. The rectangular duct had an aspect ratio of 1/8, and the Reynolds number range was from 1000 to 6000. Liquid Crystal Thermography (LCT) was used to obtain the detailed heat transfer distributions on the ribbed wall. The main observed characteristics include spanwise variation, local maxima, and saw-tooth fashion along the streamwise direction. These features were correlated and explained by the detailed velocity structures, observed by Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV). The flow characteristics introduced by ribs include altered spanwise profile of the mean flow velocity, a complicated secondary flow over the cross section, and flow separation and reattachment along the streamwise direction. In addition, a comparison of overall thermal and hydraulic performance with previously tested continuous ribs was conducted. It was found that the broken ribs had better overall performance in the high Reynolds number range.     

Numerical simulation of heat transfer and fluid flow of Water-CuO Nanofluid in a sinusoidal channel with a porous medium

This study has compared the convection heat transfer of Water-based fluid flow with that of Water-Copper oxide (CuO) nanofluid in a sinusoidal channel with a porous medium. The heat flux in the lower and upper walls has been assumed constant, and the flow has been assumed to be two-dimensional, steady, laminar, and incompressible. The governing equations include equations of continuity, momentum, and energy. The assumption of thermal equilibrium has been considered between the porous medium and the fluid. The effects of the parameters, Reynolds number and Darcy number on the thermal performance of the channel, have been investigated. The results of this study show that the presence of a porous medium in a channel, as well as adding nanoparticles to the base fluid, increases the Nusselt number and the convection heat transfer coefficient. Also the results show that As the Reynolds number increases, the temperature gradient increases. In addition, changes in this parameter are greater in the throat of the flow than in convex regions due to changes in the channel geometry. In addition, porous regions reduce the temperature difference, which in turn increases the convective heat transfer coefficient.     

An Experimental Investigation of Forced Convection Heat Transfer from a Coiled Heat Exchanger Embedded in a Packed Bed

Forced convection heat transfer from a helically coiled heat exchanger embedded in a packed bed of spherical glass particles was investigated experimentally. With dry air at ambient pressure and temperature as a flowing fluid, the effect of particle size, helically coiled heat exchanger diameter, and position was studied for a wide range of Reynolds numbers. It was found that the particle diameter, the helically coiled heat exchanger diameter and position, and the air velocity are of great influence on the convective heat transfer between the helically coiled heat exchanger and air. Results indicated that the heat transfer coefficient increased with increasing the air velocity, increasing helically coiled heat exchanger diameter, and decreasing the particle size. The highest heat transfer coefficients were obtained with the packed-bed particle size of 16 mm and heat exchanger coil diameter of 9.525 mm (1/4 inch) at a Reynolds number range of 1,536 to 4,134 for all used coil positions in the conducted tests. A dimensionless correlation was proposed for Nusselt number as a function of Reynolds number, particle size, coil size, and coil position.