吲哚类生物碱的合成研究进展

吲哚类生物碱是具有吲哚分子骨架的一类化合物,具有多种良好的生理活性。文章综述了近年来新发现吲哚类生物碱的合成研究进展,介绍了(-)-Arboricine,(±)-cis-Trikentrin A,(-)-Corynantheidol等化合物的合成方法。     

3,4-桥环吲哚类生物碱的合成进展

3,4-桥环吲哚类生物碱是吲哚类生物碱中非常重要的一类分子,由于独特的结构和良好的生物活性,其合成吸引了有机合成化学家的广泛兴趣.以3,4-桥环构筑位点作为分类方式概述了近年来该类天然产物的合成进展.     

Spirotryprostatin类生物碱的合成研究进展

Spirotryprostatin类生物碱是一类具有螺环吲哚二酮哌嗪结构的生物碱,其结构特点是吲哚部分和二酮哌嗪部分通过一个螺碳原子手性中心相连.由于具有这样特殊的结构使得螺环吲哚二酮哌嗪化合物具有一些生理和药理活性,尤其对细胞周期有较好的抑制活性.近年来,spirotryprostatin类生物碱的合成得到了广泛的研究,根据其结构中螺环手性中心形成的方法不同,对spirotryprostatin类生物碱的全合成研究进展进行综述.     

诱导效应指数用于吲哚类生物碱质谱特征预测

在原有质谱裂解理论的基础上, 结合诱导效应指数, 通过比较吲哚生物碱中两类不同化学环境中的氮原子(吲哚环上的氮原子Na和侧链上的氮原子Nb)周围取代基诱导效应指数, 对质谱碰撞过程中电荷定域及吲哚生物碱的质谱特征进行了预测, 结果与标准物质质谱数据完全相同. 建立了利用比较杂原子诱导指数从化合物结构直接预测吲哚生物碱质谱特征的新方法. 该方法可用于吲哚生物碱和其它含氮化合物及其代谢产物的质谱特征的预测.     

合成双吲哚甲烷类衍生物的研究进展

双吲哚甲烷类衍生物具有丰富的生物活性和药理活性,在医药领域得到了广泛的应用.近年来,对双吲哚甲烷类衍生物的合成研究引起了人们的热点关注.对双吲哚甲烷类衍生物的合成方法进行了综述,并将催化剂按照不同的类型分为:(1)路易斯酸催化剂,(2)分子碘催化剂,(3)质子酸催化剂,(4)固载催化剂,(5)杂多酸催化剂,(6)有机小分子催化剂,(7)配合物催化剂,(8)离子液体催化剂,(9)其它类型的催化剂.     

Vobasine-Aspidosperma型双吲哚生物碱的半合成

Aspidosperma型生物碱与Vobasinol在酸性介质中偶合, 得到四个双吲哚生物碱,用^1HNMR与高分辨质谱推定了它们的结构, 各产物对肿瘤细胞生长有显著的抑制作用。     

植物内生真菌生物碱活性成分的研究进展

大量的生物碱从植物内生真菌中分离了出来, 并表现出良好的生物活性. 对植物内生真菌所产生的生物碱, 按照酰胺类、有机胺类、吡咯类、喹啉和异喹啉类、吲哚类、吡啶类、喹唑啉类进行了综述, 并且介绍了这些生物碱的生物活性.     

强酸性阳离子交换树脂催化水相法合成双吲哚甲烷类衍生物（英文）

开发了一种通过强酸性离子交换树脂催化将苯甲醛和吲哚转化成双吲哚甲烷类衍生物的有效合成方法,它是以水作为溶剂,实现了催化剂可循环使用6次,以较高收率得到了多种双吲哚甲烷化合物.     

通过Aza-Achmatowicz呋喃重排反应与吲哚亲核加成高效完成天然产物(-)-Alstofolinine A的首次不对称全合成

<正>Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2019, 58, 4988~4991吲哚并氮杂双环[3.3.1]壬烷环系广泛存在于吲哚类生物碱中,该环系是macroline/sarpagine/ajmaline类天然产物的核心骨架结构.北京生命科学研究所齐湘兵课题组以廉价易得的生物质原料呋喃衍生物和吲哚乙酸为起始原料,在成功合成手性底物1的基础上,首先通过Aza-Achmatowicz反应对呋喃进行氧化重排,接着利用吲哚2-位的亲核     

对映纯吲(口朶)喹嗪的合成

3-乙酰基-1,4,6,7,12,12b-六氢吲哚[2,3-a]喹嗪(15,16)是吲哚生物碱及羟吲哚生物全合成中用途极广的通用建筑块。合成对映纯的15和16,一直是吲哚生物碱及羟吲哚生物碱全合成中的重要课题。Winterfeldt 首先报道了外消旋体15/16的合成及它与丙二酸二甲酯的高度立体选择性加成。为了改进阿马里新的全合成,Mandal 等1985年再次研究了     

Development of new synthetic methods and its application to total synthesis of nitrogen-containing bioactive natural products

A group of naturally occurring substances containing nitrogen is widely distributed in plants as well as in fungi, animal, marine organisms, and insects, and many exhibit significant biological activity. These natural products with a huge variety of chemical structures include antibiotics, antitumor agents, immunostimulants, drugs affecting the cardiovascular and central nervous systems, analgesics etc. The diverse activities and low natural abundance of this group of natural products when coupled with their molecular complexity warrant development of new and efficient synthetic methods and strategy for the total synthesis of these products, in particular alkaloids. The purpose of this review is to describe some of our achievements in the total synthesis of the naturally-occurring bases including the Dendrobatid alkaloids pumiliotoxin B and allopumiliotoxin A, the anitibiotic streptazolin, the tricyclic marine alkaloids isolated from the ascidians such as fasicularin, lepadiformine, and cylindricine C, and the dimeric monoterpene alkaloid incarvillateine as well as the formal total synthesis of the spirocyclic marine alkaloids halichlorine and pinnaic acid, which are isolated from the Japanese marine sponge and the Okinawan bivalve, respectively.     

海洋溴吡咯生物碱的研究进展

大量的溴吡咯生物碱从海绵中得到分离, 并表现出良好的生理活性. 这类化合物因其结构的新颖性、多样性、以及良好的生理活性而成为合成化学家关注的焦点. 综述了近年来海洋溴吡咯生物碱的分离和合成进展.     

Misenine,a Novel Macrocyclic Alkaloid with an Unusual Skeleton from the Mediterranean Sponge Reniera sp

PolycycJic marine alkaloids containing 3-alkylpyridine or partially reduced 3-alkylpyridine as basic building blocks represent an emerging and intriguing group of bioactive natural products from marine sponges. Since halitoxin,² the first example of this kind of alkaloid, was reported in 1978, many related alkaloids have been discovered from sponges of the order Haplosclerida. All of these alkaloids, in spite of formally exhibiting quite different frameworks, could biogeneticaliy derive from bis-3-alkylpyridine or reduced bis-3-alkylpyridine units. In the last decade, the knowledge of this fascinating group of compounds has increased remarkably. A recent review has exhaustively studied occurrence, distribution, plausible biogenetic origin and relatedness, as well as biological activities, of 3-alkylpyridine derived marine alkaloids.³     

Nature spermidine and spermine alkaloids: Occurrence and pharmacological effects

Spermidine and spermine are special polyamines in organisms, and produced in vivo by putrescine and S-adenosylmethionine catalyzed by a variety of enzymes. Spermidine and spermine possess multiple amino groups, and are closely related to cell division, growth and survival. Spermidine and spermine alkaloids are widely distributed in plants, bacteria and marine organisms, and can be divided into macrocyclic and open chain according to the skeletons. Spermidine and spermine alkaloids exhibited numerous pharmacological effects such as anti-inflammatory, antibiotics, anti-tumor, anti-Alzheimer and anti-virus. However, up to now, there are few systematic reviews on spermidine and spermine alkaloids. In this review, based on the number of atoms in the ring, we summarized the distributions and pharmacological effects of spermidine and spermine alkaloids. Spermidine and spermine alkaloids have special chemophenetic significances in the plant kingdom, especially the macrocyclic spermidine and spermine alkaloids. Spermidine alkaloids are much more abundant in nature than spermine alkaloids. The pharmacological activities of the open chain spermidine and spermine alkaloids are studied in depth. Polycyclic guanidine spermidine alkaloids, isolated from marine sponge, exhibit great potential in various cancer cells. However, pharmacological studies of macrocyclic spermidine and spermine alkaloids are scarce. Synthesis is an effective way to get more spermidine and spermine alkaloids and their analogues for further study.     

Indolizidine and quinolizidine alkaloids

This review covers the isolation, structure determination, synthesis, chemical transformations and biological activity of indolizidine and quinolizidine alkaloids. Included in the review are the hydroxylated indolizidines lentiginosine, swainsonine, castanospermine and their analogues; alkaloids from animal sources, including arthropods and amphibians; alkaloids from the genera Polygonatum, Prosopis and Poranthera; phenanthroindolizidine and phenanthroquinolizidine alkaloids; Nuphar alkaloids; lupine alkaloids; and alkaloids from marine sources. 130 references are cited.     

Novel neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) selective inhibitor, aplysinopsin-type indole alkaloid, from marine sponge Hyrtios erecta

Two novel aplysinopsin-type indole alkaloids, 1 and 2, and three known indole alkaloids were isolated from the marine sponge Hyrtios erecta. These compounds exhibited selective inhibitory activity against the neuronal isozyme of nitric oxide synthase (nNOS). Furthermore, new quinolone 7 was also isolated from the same marine sponge. The chemical structures of these new compounds were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analysis.     

Indolizidine and quinolizidine alkaloids

This review covers the isolation, structure determination, synthesis, chemical transformations and biological activity of indolizidine and quinolizidine alkaloids. Included in the review are the hydroxylated indolizidines lentiginosine, swainsonine, castanospermine and their analogues; alkaloids from animal sources, including ants, amphibians and beetles; indolizidine alkaloids from the genera Polygonatum, Prosopis and Elaeocarpus; indolizidine and phenanthroindolizidine alkaloids; alkylquinolizidine alkaloids, including myrtine, epimyrtine, plumerinine and Lycopodium metabolites; Lythraceae and Nuphar alkaloids; lupine alkaloids; and alkaloids from marine sources. 150 references are cited.     

Synthesis of bioactive nitrogen heterocycles from marine organisms

Recently many bioactive indole alkaloids have been isolated from marine organisms. Many of them have novel ring systems which are not found in the indole alkaloids isolated from higher plants and molds on the land. We have chosen β-carboline alkaloids, eudistomins and manzamines, as targets for total synthesis.     

Indolizidine and quinolizidine alkaloids

This review covers the isolation, structure determination, synthesis, chemical transformations and biological activity of indolizidine and quinolizidine alkaloids from microbial, plant and animal sources. Included in the review are the hydroxylated indolizidines lentiginosine, swainsonine, castanospermine and their analogues; alkaloids from animal sources, including ants, amphibians and beetles; ipalbidine, phenanthroindolizidines and related alkaloids; Lycopodium alkaloids; lupine alkaloids; and alkaloids from bacterial and marine sources. The literature from July 2002 to June 2003 is reviewed, and 174 references are cited.     

Stylissadines A and B: the first tetrameric pyrrole-imidazole alkaloids

[reaction: see text] Pyrrole-imidazole alkaloids are widely distributed in marine sponges of the orders Halichondrida and Agelasida. Chemical investigation of the Caribbean sponge Stylissa caribica led to the isolation of the first tetrameric pyrrole-imidazole alkaloids. The so-called stylissadines are the largest and most complex pyrrole-imidazole alkaloids discovered so far and are therefore a major challenge for the structure determination by NMR spectroscopy. Their isolation and structure elucidation are discussed in detail.