局部高密度钢纤维混凝土疲劳裂纹扩展实验研究

在混凝土弯曲构件底部用高密度钢纤维局部增强称为局部高密度钢纤维混凝土(PHPFRC),与同样纤维掺量的传统钢纤维混凝土(SFRC)比较,它可以用近似的价格获得高得多的力学性能.本文对PHPFRC缺口试件在循环荷载下的裂纹扩展规律进行了研究,发现裂纹并非是由一条主裂纹循序渐进地发展,而是随着循环次数的增加,呈多条短裂纹陆续出现、弥散式发展的趋势,说明在高密度纤维的增强下,混凝土的疲劳断裂由脆性向韧性转变.根据实验及分析结果得出了两种纤维掺量下PHPFRC试件的Paris参数,并且用一个分维值D的变化描述了裂纹的演化过程,发现裂纹失稳扩展前的临界分维值Dc随着纤维掺量的增加而增加.     

FRP-混凝土界面粘结行为的参数影响研究

FRP-混凝土界面的粘结性能对FRP加固混凝土结构力学行为和破坏模式有着重要影响。本文对表征FRP-混凝土界面粘结性能的三个重要参数(界面初始刚度、最大剪应力、界面破坏能)开展研究,通过13个单剪试件的试验考察了混凝土强度、胶层厚度和粘结长度等因素对界面粘结行为的影响,根据试验结果拟合了界面破坏能、最大剪切应力与胶层剪切刚度、混凝土强度之间的函数关系。在试验研究基础上,构建了外贴FRP-混凝土界面粘结的有限元模型。通过有限元分析考察了界面破坏能等三个参数不变的前提下,不同的局部粘结滑移本构关系对界面粘结行为的影响;进而研究了其中一个参数变化时引起的界面粘结性能改变。研究结果表明:界面粘结承载力随着胶层厚度增加而逐渐提高;胶层厚度与界面破坏能成正比,与峰值剪应力成反比;当界面破坏能等三个参数保持不变时,局部粘结滑移本构关系对FRP-混凝土界面粘结性能的影响较小;三个参数中的一个增大时将延缓界面破坏的过程。     

Wedge-shaped fracturing in the pull out of FRP stiffeners from quasi-brittle substrates

Fiber-Reinforced-Polymer (FRP) strips can be glued to the surface of concrete or masonry structures to improve their strength. Pull-out tests on FRP bonds have shown a progressive failure of the adhesive joint involving early-stage cracking parallel to the axis of the FRP stiffener, and an inclined crack initiating at the free end of the stiffener and extending into the quasi-brittle substrate in the latest stage. The subsurface crack produces a characteristic wedge-shaped spall. There is no consensus on the reasons for the transition from cracking along the bond to cracking within the substrate. Therefore a Linear Elastic Fracture Mechanics model problem is presented here that accounts for and provides improved understanding of the formation of the subsurface crack. The boundary value problem is solved analytically using the distributed dislocation technique. Competition between crack extension along the adhesive joint and into the substrate is quantified using a quantized crack propagation criterion, whereby the crack does not advance in infinitesimal continuous increments, but instead in finite steps of length comparable to the characteristic dimensions of the material microstructure. The model predicts results that are in good agreement with experimental evidence.     

Finite element analysis of interfacial stresses in FRP–RC hybrid beams

The interfacial stresses in fiber reinforced plastic (FRP)–reinforced concrete (RC) hybrid beams were studied by the finite element method. The mesh sensitivity test shows that the finite element results for interfacial stresses are not sensitive to the finite element mesh. The finite element analysis then is used to calculate the interfacial stress distribution and evaluate the effect of the structural parameters on the interfacial behavior. It is shown that both the normal and shear stresses at the interface are influenced by the material and geometry parameters of the composite beam. This research is helpful for the understanding on mechanical behavior of the interface and design of the FRP–RC hybrid structures.     

Strain energy release rate for interfacial cracks in hybrid beams

The finite element modeling and fracture mechanics concept were used to study the interfacial fracture of a FRP-concrete hybrid structure. The strain energy release rate of the interfacial crack was calculated by the virtual crack extension method. It is shown that the crack growth has three phases, namely, cracking initiation, stable crack growth and unstable crack propagation. The effects of geometric and physical parameters of the hybrid beam on the energy release rate were considered. These parameters include Young’s moduli of the FRP, the concrete and the adhesive, thickness of the FRP plate and adhesive, and the distance of FRP plate end from the beam end. The numerical results show that the energy release rate of the interfacial crack is influenced considerably by these parameters. The present investigation can contribute to the mechanism understanding and engineering design of the hybrid structures.     

钢筋混凝土剪力墙单元非线性分析模型及其应用

本文简要评述了几种常见的钢筋混凝土剪力墙非线性宏观单元模型后,着重对多垂直杆剪力墙非线性单元模型的几个重要问题如剪力变形的考虑方法、单元刚度矩阵的形式、垂直拉压杆及剪切弹簧的恢复力模型等进行了探讨与改进.最后给出了一个算例,并与试验结果比较,表明非线性宏观墙单元模型具有较好的计算精度.     

A new variational estimate for the effective response of hyperelastic composites

A variational method for predicting the effective properties of hyperelastic composites in terms of available estimates for “hyperelastic comparison composites” is proposed. In some cases this estimate can produce a lower bound on the effective energy-density function. This nonlinear-comparison variational procedure is specialized to classes of fiber and statistically isotropic composites with the aid of appropriate choices of comparison composites with neo-Hookean phases. The end results are given in terms of closed-form expressions for the effective strain energy-density functions, from which the stress-strain relations can be extracted analytically. Explicit analytical estimates for the overall responses of composites whose phases behaviors are governed by the Gent model are obtained. The results for the fiber composites are compared with corresponding finite element simulations of periodic fiber composites as well as with other available estimates. A fine agreement between the predictions obtained via the various estimates is revealed even in the limit of infinite contrast between the properties of the phases.     

Acoustic emissions from reinforced concrete

Acoustic emissions from reinforced-concrete beams, reinforcing bars and plain concrete cylinders were monitored. Acoustic-emission events were used in a study of source locations, frequency characteristics, and other analytical methods that have found use in the past for evaluating acoustic-emission data in other fields of engineering. Tests were done on reinforced-concrete beams under flexural loading, individual reinforcing bars under pure tension, concrete cylinders under compression, and reinforcing bars subject to pullout tests.The experimental data were first analyzed with conventional acoustic-emission methodology. A critical look at many acoustic-emission techniques currently used in other materials (metals, composites, etc.) demonstrated some of the difficulties of applying the same techniques to reinforced concrete. More importantly, it illustrated the limitations of signal processing and parameter estimation of acoustic-emission events as viable nondestructive-evaluation (NDE) techniques for reinforced-concrete structures. Subsequently, on the basis of the experimental results, some of the more promising aspects of developing acoustic emission into a structural monitoring tool are discussed.