哈克流变仪上模拟ε－己内酰胺反应挤出的试验研究

高温条件下用哈克流变仪进行ε－己内酰胺聚合的模拟性试验，对尼龙６试样进行了常规性能测定；分析讨论了有关工艺参数对己内酰胺阴离子开环聚合的影响，获得了一些可供工程应用的参考数据，为进一步在双螺杆挤出机中进行尼龙６的反应挤出研究提供必要的依据。     

加工条件对聚丙烯/尼龙6原位成纤复合材料的影响

分别用不同的加工温度、挤出螺杆转速、牵引速率在单螺杆挤出机中挤出PP／N6（聚丙烯／尼龙6）共混物，得到不同加工条件下的PP／N6原位成纤复合材料．对不同加工条件下得到的共混物的分散相形态、力学性能进行研究．发现螺杆转速越高、牵引速率越快、加工温度越低，分散的N6纤维尺寸越小，复合材料的力学性能越好．     

混合方式对增容尼龙-6/聚苯醚体系的影响

研究了三种混合方式对于Nylon 6 PPO TPEg共混体系的影响 .混合是在双螺杆挤出机上进行的 .即(A)尼龙 6、聚苯醚和TPEg的混合物直接进行熔融挤出 ;(B)尼龙 6与TPEg的混合物预挤出 ,然后与聚苯醚熔融挤出 ;(C)聚苯醚和TPEg的混合物预挤出 ,然后与尼龙 6熔融挤出 .实验结果表明 ,混合方式不仅会影响共混物的形貌结构 ,而且会影响复合材料的最终性能 ,如力学性能、热性能和尺寸稳定性 .采用混合方式C所得的尼龙 6 聚苯醚复合材料的抗冲击强度高于用混合方式A和B所制备的复合材料 .这是因为聚苯醚和TPEg预共混时 ,聚苯醚上的OH基团和TPEg上的一部分马来酸酐发生化学反应 .然后预混物和尼龙 6熔融挤出时 ,剩下的马来酸酐再与尼龙分子上的NH2 基团反应 .这样就会形成一个好的界面层 ,它使复合材料的抗冲击强度大幅度提高 ,材料达到了超高韧性     

尼龙—6／丙烯酸接枝膜的结构与性能

应用ＩＲ确定了尼龙－６与丙烯酸接枝反应的接枝点位于尼龙大分子酰胺键的Ｎ原子上，用Ｘ射线衍射研究了接枝膜的结晶状况，探讨了接枝率对接枝膜的电阻、离子交换容量、强度等性能的影响．     

熔体插层制备尼龙6/蒙脱土纳米复合材料的性能表征

通过熔体插层成功地制备了尼龙６／蒙脱土纳米复合材料，测试了力学性能、耐热性能和耐溶剂性．通过ＴＥＭ、ＷＡＸＤ、ＤＳＣ等手段，研究了结构与结晶行为，并与插层聚合的尼龙６／蒙脱土纳米复合材料进行了对比．实验表明通过熔体插层可使尼龙６基体插层于蒙脱土中，所得到的复合物的性能较尼龙６有很大提高，且与插层聚合的尼龙６／蒙脱土纳米复合材料的性能相当．     

尼龙-6和尼龙-6合金的球晶结构与破坏性能的研究

成型冷却速度即结晶速度对单纯尼龙 ６和尼龙 ６合金的拉伸破坏性能具有不同的影响．结晶速度慢，球晶尺寸大，单纯尼龙 ６的拉伸破坏强度高，破坏形变和破坏能量减小；尼龙 ６／热塑性聚酰胺弹性体／增容剂合金不仅拉伸破坏强度高，而且破坏形变和破坏能量都有所增加．研究表明，虽然球晶尺寸影响尼龙 ６的破坏性能，但球晶的性质即球晶的界面上和片晶 片晶间的非晶部分结构、微小分散粒子的空洞化及相与相之间的界面结合强度是影响尼龙 ６破坏性能的主要因素．     

毛细管流变仪中尼龙6在聚丙烯中的原位成纤

将聚丙烯与尼龙6的共混物在毛细管流变仪中挤出，通过显微形态观察发现，在研究的共沸比范围和较宽的剪切速度和温度范围内尼龙6均能在聚丙烯基体中成纤，表明这种热塑性树脂的成纤性比热致液晶聚合物的更好。     

尼龙1010／尼龙6共聚物的表观相图研究

采用显微熔点法和ＤＳＣ测定了尼龙１０１０／尼龙６共聚物的表观相图；分析了投料比与链节结构单元含量的关系。最低熔点时尼龙１０１０／尼龙６的理论重量投料比为６０／４０，摩尔比为３３．３／６６．７，实验结果与此相近。     

聚丙烯/尼龙6挤出原位成纤后的牵引作用

用挤出机共混挤出聚丙烯和尼龙6，加工中尼龙6作为分散相在聚丙烯中形成微纤。改变挤出物挤出模口后所受的牵引作用的速度会产生材料形态与力学性能的变化。发现随牵引速度的提高，尼龙6微纤的平均直径变小，尺寸分布更均匀，力学性能也随之提高。差热分析表明，随牵引速度的增加聚丙烯与尼龙6的相容性略有提高，X-射线衍射分析表明拉伸作用对尼龙纤维晶体中分子链的取向无影响。     

浇铸尼龙—6的结晶与熔融

用ＤＳＣ法研究了Ｌａ２Ｏ３和Ｙ２Ｏ３对浇铸尼龙－６（ＭＣ尼龙－６）结晶与熔融的影响，二者都使ＭＣ尼龙－６熔体等速降温的结晶温度Ｔｅ升高，等速升温的溶点Ｔｍ降低，结晶度Ｘｃ降低，拉伸过程的断裂能密度及断裂伸长率提高，Ｌａ２Ｏ３使ＭＣ尼龙－６平衡熔点Ｔｍ降低，结晶速率增加，结晶完善程度变差，Ｙ２Ｏ３使ＭＣ尼龙－６的Ｔｍ升高，它可显著改善ＭＣ尼龙－６的耐热性。     

Modeling of L-lactide Polymerization by Reactive Extrusion

The kinetics of L-lactide ring-opening polymerization initiated by stannous octoate and triphenylphosphine was investigated in a batch apparatus (Haake Rheocord Mixer). Based on the experimental data, a kinetic model is developed, considering a coordination-insertion mechanism. Reactive extrusion experiments were further conducted for the same polymerization process, on a co-rotating twin screw extruder. The melted material flow and mixing was described by using the Ludovic® commercial simulator. Based on the developed kinetic model and simulated flow of L-lactide polymerization mixture, a mathematical model of reactive extrusion process is formulated, describing the evolutions of monomer conversion and average molecular weight along the extruder. The model is predicting with a reasonable good accuracy the experimental data.     

Nylon‐6 nanocomposites,study of the influence of the nanofiller nature on morphology and material properties

In this article we investigated the influence of various nanofilllers' aspect ratio, chemical nature, and organic modification on some selected nylon‐6 properties, such as crystallinity, thermal and mechanical resistance, and fire behavior. Materials were prepared by twin‐screw extrusion and characterized by means of scanning and transmission electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, tensile tests, and cone calorimeter. Fillers characteristics were found to influence at different extents the material final properties. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 47: 1935–1948, 2009     

Preparation of Designer Resins via Living Free Radical Polymerization of Functional Monomers on Solid Support

Merrifield resin is converted to a solid-supported free radical initiator by reacting with the TEMPO-Na. Heating TEMPO-methyl resin with a variety of functionalized styrene and acrylate monomers gives larger resin beads via living free radical polymerization. We have coined the term Rasta resin to describe resin beads prepared in this fashion. The process can be described as a solvent-free suspension polymerization. It is particularly well suited for preparation of resin beads from monomers which contain electrophilic groups that would be destroyed upon suspension polymerization in water. Rasta resins have a novel macromolecular architecture wherein long straight chain polymers bearing reactive functional groups emanate from the phenyl groups of a cross-linked polystyrene core. With judicious choice of co-monomers and polymerization strategy, the solvent affinity, loading capacity, and distance of functionality from the cross-linked core may be controlled giving beads with properties that are tailored to specific uses as synthesis supports and scavenging resins.     

聚对苯二甲酰对苯二胺/尼龙6复合物

随着材料科学的发展，纤维增强塑料已由纤维与树脂的复合，扩展到以刚性链高分子与柔性链高聚物在分子水平上的微观复合．棒状、刚性的液晶高分子是一种超高强度和超高模量的高分子材料，同时还具有在某种条件下易于自发取向形成微纤的特性．基于这些性能，液晶高分子自然成为代替无机纤维作增强剂，与柔性链高聚物进行微观复合最理想的材料．在与柔性链高聚物复合时，如何使之在基体中形成有很高的长径比（Ｌ／Ｄ）的液晶纤维，并在基体中又能起到强的增强效果，来获得高强度、高模量的复合材料．多年来一直是国际上研究的热点，有关这方面…     

Rheological and mechanical properties of nylon 6 nanocomposites submitted to reprocessing with single and twin screw extruders

The effect of multiple extrusions on nanostructure and properties of nylon 6 nanocomposites was investigated. Nanocomposites at different silicate loadings were produced by melt compounding and submitted to further reprocessing by using single and twin screw extruders. Rheological, morphological and mechanical analyses were carried out on as-produced and reprocessed samples in order to explore the influence of the number and the type of extrusion cycles on silicate nanodispersion.Rheological measurements, correlated to TEM analyses, were used to probe the nanoscale arrangement developed with the reprocessing as well as the thermo-mechanical degradation involving both the neat matrix and the organoclay. The results have shown that the reprocessing by single screw extruder can modify the initial morphology since the re-agglomeration of the silicate layers can occur. On the other hand, a better nanodispersion was observed in the hybrids reprocessed by twin screw extruder. This was attributed to the additional mechanical stresses able to realizing a dispersive mixing that contributes to avoid re-agglomeration phenomena. The high shear stresses produced with twin screw geometry determined also a significant degradation of neat matrix, principally based on chain scission mechanism.A strong correlation between the rheological behaviour and mechanical properties was observed and all as-produced and reprocessed hybrids showed a substantial enhancement in tensile modulus with the adding of silicate. However, the entity of performance enhancements displayed by the reprocessed hybrids was found to be highly dependent on the degradation of both organoclay and polymer matrix as well as the silicate amount, the number and the type reprocessing.     

Preparation of rechargeable biocidal polypropylene by reactive extrusion with diallylamino triazine

Biocidal polypropylene (PP) was prepared by using a reactive extrusion process, in which PP was grafted with an N-halamine precursor, 2, 4-diamino-6-diallylamino-1, 3, 5-triazine (NDAM). After chlorination the grated PP was converted to biocidal halamine structures. Effects of monomer and initiator concentration on grafting yield, thermal properties, and biocidal efficacy were studied. The Fourier transformed spectroscopy (FTIR) results and nitrogen analysis confirmed the graft polymerization on PP backbone during the reactive extrusion. The results also indicated that at low monomer concentration, increase in initiator concentration led to increase in PP chain scission and decrease in mixing torque, or polymer chain length. As the monomer concentration increases, grafted monomer content in the products showed a steady increase, indicating more grafting copolymerization in the system. The halogenated products exhibited potent antimicrobial properties against Escherichia coli, and the antimicrobial properties were durable and regenerable.     

聚丙烯共混物一步法反应共混增容的研究

研究了影响聚丙烯／（丙烯腈 苯乙烯）共聚物（ＰＰ／ＡＳ）合金反应挤出生成的各项因素,发现在过氧化二异丙苯（ＤＣＰ）存在的条件下进行反应共混可以发生接枝反应,生成ＰＰ与ＡＳ的相互接枝物．接枝物的生成显著地细化了分散相粒子,改善了合金相形态．为抑制反应共混过程中聚丙烯的降解,同时促进接枝反应,在ＰＰ／ＡＳ／ＤＣＰ反应共混中加入了含适量双键组分的添加剂亚油酸三甘酯（ＧＴＬ）．结果发现,较少量ＧＴＬ的加入就显著抑制了聚丙烯的降解,且进一步改善了合金的相形态．在合适的ＧＴＬ与ＤＣＰ用量下,反应共混不但显著改善了ＰＰ／ＡＳ合金的相形态,而且提高了合金的力学性能,初步确立了聚丙烯共混物一步反应共混挤出增溶的方法．     

Modification of propylene-ethylene copolymers by reactive extrusion

The rheological properties of commercial propylene-ethylene copolymers were modified by reactive extrusion. A dialkyl peroxide was used as initiator of the controlled degradation reaction of the starting polymers. The experiments were carried out in a twin screw extruder at different peroxide concentrations, temperatures, and screw speeds. Gel permeation chromatography was used to estimate the molecular weight distribution of the original and modified copolymers. It has been observed that the estimated molecular weight of the copolymers tends to decrease with the increase in peroxide concentration at all extrusion conditions studied. The linear viscoelastic properties of all the polymers were evaluated at different temperatures and frequencies in a rotational rheometer. Both the viscous and the elastic properties decrease with augmenting peroxide concentration. The Theological behavior of the materials is strongly affected by the global ethylene content of the copolymers. The scanning electron microscopy study did not reveal a significant difference between the morphology of the unmodified and the modified blends for a given composition of the original copolymers. In all the cases the microstructure is composed of a finely dispersed phase of ethylene-propylene copolymer within a continuous polypropylene phase.     

Pre-irradiation grafting of span 60-IAH onto polyethylene to improve dripping properties of water on polyethylene films

A reactive type dripping anti-condensation agent, Span 60-IAH, was grafted onto linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) by β-ray pre-irradiation and reactive extrusion. Effects of total dose, monomer concentration and extrusion temperature and rate on the degree of grafting were studied in detail. It was shown that the optimum conditions for grafting were the extrusion temperature of 130–220°C, screw run speed of 90 rpm and total β-ray dose of 12.5 kGy. The structure of the LLDPE-g-(Span 60-IAH) (LS) was characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The tensile properties and light transmission properties of extruded films were determined. The thermal behavior of the LS was investigated by using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Compared with pure LLDPE, the crystallization temperature (T_c) of LS increased about 3°C. Accelerated dripping properties of film samples were investigated. The dripping duration of the LS film and a commercial anti-fog dripping film at 60°C were 45 days and 17 days, respectively, indicating a significant improvement.