Chemical investigation of the polysaccharides of the leaves ofPlantago major L.

Summary 1. A polysaccharide has been isolated from the leaves ofPlantage major L. and its monosaccharide composition has been studied.2. It has been established that the polysaccharide investigated contains D-galacturonic acid, D-galactose, D-glucose, D-xylose, L-rhamnose, L-arabinose, a partially methylated galactose, and two unidentified monosaccharides.3. The high content of galacturonic residues (68%) in the polysaccharide enables it to be classified as a pectin.Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, Vol. 1, No. 5, pp. 297–302, 1965     

Chemical investigation of the polysaccharides of the leaves ofPlantago major L.

Summary 1. Pectic acid contains galacturonic acid (78–83%) and, chemically linked with it, the monosaccharides D-galactose, L-arabinose, L-rhamnose, and substance (VIII) and (IX).2. By fractionating the polysaccharide complex of the leavesof Plantago major L. on a DEAE-cellulose column it has been shown that it consists of pectic acid (80–82%), and free galactoraban (5–6%) and galactan (4–5%).Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, Vol. 1, No. 6, pp. 369–372, 1965.We have used Kertesz's nomenclature of pectic compounds [4].     

A polysaccharide from the pith of the stems ofAlthea flavovirens

It has been established that a polysaccharide from the pith of the stems ofAlthea flavovirens Boiss et Buhse growing in Azerbaidzhan (environs of the village of Dzhul'fy) has a branched molecule consisting of residues of ribose, rhamnose, glucose, and glucuronic and galacturonic acids (3:6:3:7:2). Among the products of the methylation of the polysaccharide reduced at the carboxy groups the following sugar derivatives have been identified: 2,3,4-tri-O-methyl-L-rhamnose, 3,4-di-O-methyl-L-rhamnose, 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-methyl-D-glucose, and 2,3,6-tri-O-methyl-D-glucose and 2,3,6-tri-O-methyl-D-galactose (unresolved mixture), and also 2,6-di-O-methyl-D-glucose (2:10:24:7:2).V. L. Komarov Botanical Institute, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 29–33, January–February, 1980.     

Polysaccharides ofPanax ginseng

Summary 1. A polysaccharide fraction consisting of about 40% by weight of the roots has been isolated from the roots ofPanax ginseng C. A. Mey and characterized.2. It has been established that the polysaccharides of ginseng contain a glucan of the starch type and a pectin.Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, Vol. 2, No. 5, pp. 299–303, 1966     

Polysaccharides of the protein-lipoid-polysaccharide complex of the mycelium ofVerticillium dahliae. I. Isolation and fractionation

A phytotoxic PLPC has been isolated from the mycelium of the fungusVerticillium dahliae Kleb., strain 614. The polysaccharide component has been split out from the PLPC by mild acid hydrolysis. The polysaccharide has been fractionated and the monosaccharide compositions of the fractions have been determined. A phytotoxic polysaccharide homogeneous according to gel chromatography and chromatography on DEAE-cellulose has been isolated which consists of an -glucan containing a minor amount of D-glucosamine.Tashkent State University. All-Union Scientific-Research Institute of Agricultural Microbiology, Leningrad. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 774–777, November–December, 1979.     

Lipopolysaccharides of marine blue-green algae

The lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) have been isolated from two blue-green algae,Oscillatoria hilderbrandtii andNostoc sp. by the method of phenol-water extraction. The LPSs contain polysaccharide and lipid components. The polysaccharide fraction fromO. hildebrandtii consists predominantly of 1,3-bound rhamnose residues with a substituent in the second position. The rhamnose residues in the polysaccharide fraction ofNostoc are connected by 1,3- and 1,2-glycosidic bonds. The lipid components of the LPSs fromO. hilderbrandtii andNostoc consist of palmitic and steric acids, with glucosamine and glucose.Pacific Ocean Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Scientific Center, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Vladivostok. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 4, pp. 493–496, July–August, 1985.     

Antigenic polysaccharides of bacteria IV. Structure of the repeating unit of the polysaccharide chain of Shigella dysenteriae type 3 lipopolysaccharide

Conclusions The complete structure of the repeating unit of a specific polysaccharide chain of an antigenic liposaccharide of bacteriaShigella dysenteriae Type 3, has been established.Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 7, pp. 1613–1619, July, 1977.     

Comparative structural study of the lipopolysaccharides of Y. enterocolitica serovars 0:7.8 and 0:19.8

The lipopolysaccharides ofYersinia enterocolitica, serovars 0:7.8 (strain 106) and 0:19.8 (strain 842), isolated from the microbial mass by phenol-water extraction, contained residues of L-fucose, 6-deoxy-D-gulose, D-mannose, D-galactose, D-glucose, D- and L-glycero-D-mannoheptoses, N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, N-acetyl-D-galactosamine, and 2-keto-3-deoxyoctonic acid (KDO). The polysaccharides obtained by mild acid hydrolysis of the lipopolysaccharides followed by gel filtration on Sephadex G-50 were a mixture of the O-specific polysaccharide and the core, which could not be separated even by repeated rechromatography because of the comparability of their molecular masses. On the basis of the results of monosaccharide analysis, methylation, Smith degradation, and partial hydrolysis, a structure has been suggested for the repeating unit of the O-specific polysaccharides of the lipopolysaccharides ofY. enterocolitica of the serovars studied.Pacific Ocean Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, USSR Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 763–770, November–December, 1989.     

Polysaccharides of iridaceae V. Characterization of the neutral fraction of the water soluble polysaccharide from Juno drepanophylla

From the WSPS-I of the bulbs with roots ofJuno drepanophylla, 15 fractions have been isolated by fractionation on DEAE-cellulose. Fractions 1 and 2 together made up 53% of the total weight of the fractions. Fraction 1 proved to be homogeneous on ultracentrifugation, on passage through Sepharose-4B, and on high-pressure LC. The results of the analysis of the methylated product of fraction 1 differed little from those for the initial polysaccharide.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 4, pp. 415–418, July–August, 1986.     

Preliminary investigation of water-soluble polysaccharides from Georgian plants

Water-soluble polysaccharides have been isolated from nine representatives of the Georgian flora belonging to seven families. According to preliminary results two of them contained glucomannans and the others contained acid arabinogalactans. A more detailed study of a polysaccharide from the fruit of the mistletoeViscum album has permitted it to be assigned to the class of pectin substances.Tbilisi State University. N. D. Zelinskii Institute of Organic Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 3, pp. 330–335, May–June, 1989.     

Polysaccharides of brown algae

Conclusions A sulfated peptidoglycuronoglycan, pelvecyan, has been isolated from the brown algaP. wrightii. Its carbohydrate moiety contains D-galactose, D-mannose, D-xylose, L-fucose, and hexuronic acid residues. The polypeptide component consists of 16 amino acids and may be bound to the polysaccharide moiety by ionic bonds.Pelvecyan is similar in nature and properties to sargassan, which was isolated from the brown algaSargassum pallidum.Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, Vol. 6, No. 4, pp. 400–402, 1970     

The structure of the glucomannan from the tuberous roots of Eremurus altaicus

Summary By fractionating the initial water-soluble polysaccharide from the tuberous roots ofEremurus altaicus, a homogeneous naturally acetylated glucomannan with a molecular weight of 108,000–120,000 has been isolated.On the basis of the results of periodate oxidation and methylation and a study of the products of partial cleavage of the glycosidic bonds, the structure of a repeating heptasaccharide section of the chain consisting of -14-linked D-glucopyranose (2 moles) and D-mannopyranose (5 moles) residues has been established. The glucomannan apparently contains 95–100 such sections. It has been shown that in each repeating solution there is one O-acetyl group at a C₃ atom of a glucose residue.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 2, pp. 189–195, March–April, 1977.     

Chemical study of the seeds of Euonymus czernjaevii

Summary From the seends ofEuonymus czernjaevii Klok. we have isolated the cardiac glycoside evonoside (0.05% of the weight of the raw material), sucrose (about 5%), and a fatty oil (28%). It has been established that the fatty oil consists of triglycerides of the following acids: palmitic (10.34%), stearic (2.58%), oleic (63.16%), linoleic (18.70%), and linolenic (5.25%).Khar'kov Scientific-Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 5, pp. 618–620, September–October, 1974.     

Investigation of the protein component of the lipopolysaccharide-protein complex ofYersinia pseudotuberculosis

It has been established by electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel that the protein component of the lipopolysaccharide-protein complex ofYersinia pseudotuberculosis consists of two poly-peptides with molecular weights of 42,000–45,000 and 18,000–20,000. These polypeptides have been detected in the cell wall ofY. pseudotuberculosis as the main components. Protein fractions B-2 and B-3, differing with respect to solubility in phenol, were isolated from the LPPC ofY. pseudotuberculosis by extraction with hot 45% phenol. These protein fractions had the same polypeptide composition, which is characteristic for membrane proteins. B-3 included the LPS component and B-2 contained lipid A or fragments of it as impurity. Fractions B-3 and B-2 precipitated with antiserum to the LPPC.Pacific Ocean Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Far Eastern Scientific Center, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Vladivostok. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 92–97, January–February, 1980.     

Polysaccharides ofPolygonatum II. A study of the dynamics of the accumulation of the polysaccharides ofPolygonatum sewerzowii

Summary The amounts of water-soluble polysaccharides in various organs ofPolygonatum sewerzowii in different vegetation periods have been determined and their polysaccharide compositions have been established.The maximum amount of water-soluble polysaccharides is present in the leaves and stems in the fruit-bearing period, in the roots at the time of budding, and in the rhizomes at the time of flowering. The quantitatively predominating component in the polysaccharides of the stems is galactose, and in the leaves, roots, and rhizomes, mannose. D-Mannose has been isolated from the rhizomes and leaves.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 11, pp. 3–5, January–February, 1979.     

Polysaccharides ofPlantago major

Summary 1. The partial hydrolysis of the polysaccharide of the leaves ofPlantago major L. has given degraded pectic acid.2. A study of the physicochemical properties and IR spectra of the polygalacturonide and the products of its periodate-nitric acid oxidation has shown that the galacturonic acid residues in degraded pectic acid are in the pyranose from and are linked by a-0-1-4 bonds.Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, Vol. 3, No. 2, pp. 80–83, 1967     

Synthesis of regecoline

An improved synthesis of the quaternary homoproaporphine alkaloid regecoline from the main alkaloid ofColchicum kesselringii Rgl. — kesselringine — has been carried out by two methods: by photochemical conversion (yield 77%) and by iodine oxidation (yield 86%). It has been shown that the iodine oxidation of homoproaporphines of the kesselringine type leads to C_6a-dehydro derivatives.V. I. Lenin Tashkent State University. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 4, pp. 464–465, July–August, 1986.     

Polysaccharides of Polygonatum. VII. A glucofructan from P. sewerzowii

A glucofructan has been isolated from the rhizomes ofPolygonatum sewerzowii Bunge and has been called pseverin. According to its chemical and spectral characteristics, pseverin is a polysaccharide containing both inulin, 2 1, and leven, 2 6, glycosidic bonds. The problem of the correlation between the molecular structure of a glucofructan and its supermolecular organization has been considered. X-radiographic and electron-microscope studies have been made of pseverin and its acetate. It has been established that on precipitating from solution pseverin forms globular particles which aggregate to give elongated necklace-like formations. Fine lamellar structures are characteristic for the acetate.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 15–20, January–February, 1986.     

Terpenoids of the oleoresin of Pinus pumila

Summary 1. The composition of the acid fraction of the oleresin ofPinus pumila (Pall.) Regel. has been studied, and from it has been isolated, in addition to known compounds, the methyl ester of a new labdane acetoxy acid.2. In the hydrocarbon fraction of the oleoresin 11 monoterpenes and 26 sesquiterpenes have been found (and 17 of the latter have been identified).3. The composition of the fraction of neutral oxygen-containing diterpenoids fromP. pumila differs considerably in its diterpenoid components from the corresponding fractions of the oleoresins of botanically related species-P. sibirica andP. koraiensis. Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 3, pp. 299–302, May–June, 1976.     

Oxygenated acids of the reserve lipids of Rumex paulsenianus

The composition of the fatty mono- and dihydroxy acids of the fruit ofRumex paulsenianus Rech. fil. (familyPolygonaceae) has been determined by a combination of IRS, UVS, GLC, and mass-spectrometric methods. (22) Monohydroxy acids of the C₁₄–C₂₀ series, including isomers and isologues, and four dihydroxy acids from C₁₈ to C₂₀, including a new isomeric 9-OH-10, 12–17:2 acid have been detected.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Uzbek Academy of Sciences, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 762–765, November–December, 1991.