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In this paper, we study the long-time behavior of solutions of a reaction–diffusion model in a one-dimensional river network, where the river network has two branches, and the water flow speeds in each branch are the same constant . We show the existence of two critical values and 2 with , and prove that when , the population density in every branch of the river goes to 1 as time goes to infinity; when , then, as time goes to infinity, the population density in every river branch converges to a positive steady state strictly below 1; when , the species will be washed down the stream, and so locally the population density converges to 0. Our result indicates that only if the water-flow speed is suitably small (i.e., ), the species will survive in the long run. 相似文献
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A decomposition of a multigraph is a partition of its edges into subgraphs . It is called an -factorization if every is -regular and spanning. If is a subgraph of , a decomposition of is said to be enclosed in a decomposition of if, for every , is a subgraph of .Feghali and Johnson gave necessary and sufficient conditions for a given decomposition of to be enclosed in some 2-edge-connected -factorization of for some range of values for the parameters , , , , : , and either , or and and , or and . We generalize their result to every and . We also give some sufficient conditions for enclosing a given decomposition of in some 2-edge-connected -factorization of for every and , where is a constant that depends only on , and . 相似文献
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《Discrete Mathematics》2020,343(10):111996
A Gallai coloring of a complete graph is an edge coloring without triangles colored with three different colors. A sequence of positive integers is an -sequence if . An -sequence is a G-sequence if there is a Gallai coloring of with colors such that there are edges of color for all . Gyárfás, Pálvölgyi, Patkós and Wales proved that for any integer there exists an integer such that every -sequence is a G-sequence if and only if . They showed that and .We show that and give almost matching lower and upper bounds for by showing that with suitable constants , for all sufficiently large . 相似文献
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《Annals of Pure and Applied Logic》2022,173(8):103135
We further develop a forcing notion known as Coding with Perfect Trees and show that this poset preserves, in a strong sense, definable P-points, definable tight MAD families and definable selective independent families. As a result, we obtain a model in which , each of , , has a witness and there is a well-order of the reals. Note that both the complexity of the witnesses of the above combinatorial cardinal characteristics, as well as the complexity of the well-order are optimal. In addition, we show that the existence of a well-order of the reals is consistent with and each of the following: , , , where the smaller cardinal characteristics have co-analytic witnesses.Our methods allow the preservation of only sufficiently definable witnesses, which significantly differs from other preservation results of this type. 相似文献
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《Journal of Functional Analysis》2023,284(9):109877
We prove an atomic type decomposition for the noncommutative martingale Hardy space for all by an explicit constructive method using algebraic atoms as building blocks. Using this elementary construction, we obtain a weak form of the atomic decomposition of for all , and provide a constructive proof of the atomic decomposition for which resolves a main problem on the subject left open for the last twelve years. We also study -atoms, and show that every -atom can be decomposed into a sum of -atoms; consequently, for every , the -atoms lead to the same atomic space for all . As applications, we obtain a characterization of the dual space of the noncommutative martingale Hardy space () as a noncommutative Lipschitz space via the weak form of the atomic decomposition. Our constructive method can also be applied to prove some sharp martingale inequalities. 相似文献
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Yinan Guo 《Expositiones Mathematicae》2021,39(2):165-181
Analogs of Waring–Hilbert problem on Cantor sets are explored. The focus of this paper is on the Cantor ternary set . It is shown that, for each , every real number in the unit interval is the sum with each in and some . Furthermore, every real number in the interval can be written as , the sum of eight cubic powers with each in . Another Cantor set is also considered. More specifically, when is embedded into the complex plane , the Waring–Hilbert problem on has a positive answer for powers less than or equal to 4. 相似文献
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We consider four classes of polynomials over the fields , , , , , , , where . We find sufficient conditions on the pairs for which these polynomials permute and we give lower bounds on the number of such pairs. 相似文献