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1.
Laser direct writing technique is employed to fabricate microstructures, including gratings (buried and surface) and two-dimensional photonic crystal-like structures, in bulk poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA) and poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) using ∼100 femtosecond (fs) pulses. The variation of structure size with different writing conditions (focussing, speed and energy) was investigated in detail. Diffraction efficiencies of the gratings were calculated and the changes in diffraction efficiency (DE) as a function of period, energy and scanning speed were evaluated. Highest diffraction efficiencies of 34% and 10%, for the first order, were obtained in PMMA and PDMS respectively. Heat treatment of these gratings demonstrated small improvement in the diffraction efficiency. Several applications resulting from these structures are discussed. Fs modification in PMMA and PDMS demonstrated emission when excited at a wavelength of 514 nm. We attempted to prepare buried waveguides in PMMA with higher refractive index at the core. We have successfully fabricated branched and curved structures in PMMA and PDMS finding impending applications in microfluidics.  相似文献   

2.
A brief overview of the design of femtosecond X-ray free-electron lasers (XFEL), characteristics of the emitted X-ray pulses, and potentialities of XFEL are presented. A concise analysis of the problems in modeling X-ray scattering patterns produced by ultraintense radiation sources is given.  相似文献   

3.
报道了一款用于眼科手术的高稳定性、高质量脉冲压缩飞秒光纤主振荡功率放大系统. 振荡器采用混合腔方式增加了光纤双折射, 改善了非线性偏振旋转锁模在低重复频率下无法自启动的缺点, 提高了飞秒光纤激光器自启动锁模的稳定性. 研究了脉冲预啁啾与飞秒脉冲压缩质量的关系, 通过实验证明了光纤放大器的入射脉冲保持负的预啁啾状态可以得到最好的脉冲压缩结果. 实验最终实现了满足自启动锁模条件的重复频率19.4 MHz、平均功率1.2 W、脉冲宽度183 fs的激光脉冲, 目前这台激光器是国内首台具有自主知识产权并应用于动物角膜实验的飞秒光纤激光器.  相似文献   

4.
5.
Recent studies have demonstrated that femtosecond laser pulses have high potential in application to environmental science. Because of the properties of ultrafast, broadband and high power, the propagation of femtosecond laser pulses in air can lead to the generation of a strong field of 1013–1014 W/cm2 with a large distance range from meter to kilometers. The strong laser field induces ionization and fragmentation of molecules in the laser propagation path, resulting in characteristic fingerprint emissions. This paper mainly focuses on recent research advances in environmental sensing by using femtosecond laser pulses through strong‐field‐induced ionization and fragmentation of molecules. The fingerprint emissions of molecules in strong laser fields are discussed based on the understanding of strong‐field–molecule interactions in atmospheric as well as in vacuum environments. This is followed by a comprehensive review of several recently developed optical methods for coherent control of fingerprint emissions of molecules. Lastly, both current challenges and a future perspective of this dynamic field are discussed.

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6.
Hamdorf A  Olson M  Lin CH  Jiang L  Zhou J  Xiao H  Tsai HL 《Optics letters》2011,36(17):3353-3355
We report a simple and repeatable method for fabricating a large-area substrate for surface-enhanced Raman scattering. The substrate was processed by three steps: (i) femtosecond (fs) laser micromachining and roughening, (ii) thin-film coating, and (iii) nanosecond laser heating and melting. Numerous gold nanoparticles of various sizes were created on the surface of the silicon substrate. The 3D micro-/nanostructures generated by the fs laser provide greater surface areas with more nanoparticles leading to 2 orders of magnitude higher of the enhancement factor than in the case of a flat substrate. Using an He-Ne laser with a 632.8?nm excitation wavelength, the surface-enhanced Raman scattering enhancement factor for Rhodamine 6G was measured up to 2×10(7).  相似文献   

7.
We report the development and the characterization of a multipoint parallel excitation and CCD-based imaging system for high-throughput fluorescence detection of biochip micro-arrays. A two-dimensional array of (19×19) points with uniform intensity distribution, generated by a holographic array generator, was used for parallel excitation of two-dimensional micro-arrays of fluorescence samples. A CCD-based imaging system was used for high-throughput parallel detection and quantitative analysis of the fluorescence output. Micro-array samples of cyanine (Cy5) dye dots on silicon wafers and on glass substrates with varying concentration were used to evaluate the performance of the system. Results of fluorescence intensity measurements with varying concentration of dye and with different image acquisition time are presented. We have demonstrated that this novel approach will, in general, outperform the conventional approach in the excitation efficiency, the signal-to-noise ratio, and the throughput. The limitations and the potential improvements of the present method are discussed.  相似文献   

8.
用可变延时的双光束激光激发固态样品,同时测量样品的线性荧光和上转换荧光强度.理论上用Bloch方程描述了激发态吸收上转换过程,通过数量方法解Bloch方程,得到了与激发态吸收过程相关的各能级粒子数布居随时间的变化关系,计算出荧光强度,得到有一定延时的两束光的相干光谱,相干光谱的计算结果和实验结果一致。  相似文献   

9.
A quantitative determination of 2s vacancy lifetimes in surface and bulk atoms of free Ne clusters has been made. While for free atoms the 2s inner-valence hole has a ps lifetime, it reduces to 6+/-1 fs for cluster bulk atoms. For surface atoms, the lifetime is on average longer than 30 fs. The lifetime estimate was obtained from fits of high-resolution photoelectron spectra of Ne clusters. The shortening of the lifetime is attributed to the coordination dependent interatomic Coulombic decay, which is extremely sensitive to internuclear distances.  相似文献   

10.
Clays K 《Optics letters》2001,26(21):1699-1701
A recently developed theory concerning the physical limits on optical hyperpolarizabilities is shown to be useful in the theoretical prediction of contributions of multiphoton fluorescence to experimentally determined hyperpolarizability values. Recent experimental results are compared with the theoretical limit. Without correction for the fluorescence contribution, results for the first hyperpolarizability in the forbidden region can be obtained. Proper correction of the systematic error shifts these values to the theoretical limit. Hence, experimental values above the theoretical upper limit should be suspect, but an appropriate fluorescence suppression technique is available. Reversing the argument, the observation that artificially overestimated values for the first hyperpolarizability are reduced from the forbidden region to exactly this upper limit is found to corroborate the limiting theory.  相似文献   

11.
Although the nonlinear interactions between a single short gravity wave and a long wave can be solved analytically, the solution is less tractable in more general cases involving multiple short waves. In this work we present a numerical method of studying nonlinear interactions between a long wave and multiple short harmonic waves in infinitely deep water. Specifically, this method is applied to the calculation of the temporal and spatial evolutions of the surface elevations in which a given long wave interacts with several short harmonic waves. Another important application of our method is to quantitatively analyse the nonlinear interactions between an arbitrary short wave train and another short wave train. From simulation results, we obtain that the mechanism for the nonlinear interactions between one short wave train and another short wave train (expressed as wave train 2) leads to the energy focusing of the other short wave train (expressed as wave train 3). This mechanism occurs on wave components with a narrow frequency bandwidth, whose frequencies are near that of wave train 3.  相似文献   

12.
方致伟  苏亚辉  汪超炜  杨亮  汪金礼 《光学学报》2014,34(2):222002-220
合理的光学系统设计及参数优化是飞秒激光全息并行加工系统功能实现的前提。在分析了飞秒激光全息并行加工系统光路设计要求的基础上,对其中的两个关键点进行了较为深入的研究。采用能量利用率高的斜入射方式照射选用的空间光调制器,得出了后续光路设计的关键参数;通过光学理论推导出空间光调制器与两个透镜组成的4-f系统中最佳光路参数,利用Zemax软件对光路中系统孔径仿真,验证了该方案的合理性;搭建了一套合理高效的飞秒激光全息并行加工系统,实现了7焦点阵列的微透镜和微齿轮并行加工。研究结果表明,该光路设计方案可以实现高效的飞秒激光全息加工过程。  相似文献   

13.
应用飞秒时间分辨的泵浦 探测技术结合飞行时间质谱的方法研究1,3 二氯苯分子光解离动力学过 程.对于泵浦 探测数据中的指数衰减过程及量子拍频现象选择合适的模型进行拟合,得到正确的光解动力学信 息.采用图形化编程语言LabVIEW编写程序,其中调用了LabVIEW数学分析程序包中的卷积、去卷积及Leven bergMarquardt最小二乘法拟合子程序等模块,对实验数据进行了处理,得到1,3 二氯苯的第一激发态S1的寿命. 同时也对反映量子相干现象的数据进行拟合,得到量子拍频的频率.  相似文献   

14.
It is known that good wettability of enamel and dentin surfaces is a key factor in enhancing adhesion of restorative materials in dentistry. Here, we report on a femtosecond laser surface texturing approach that makes both the enamel and dentine surfaces superwetting. In contrast to the traditional chemical etching that yields random surface structures, this new approach produces engineered surface structures. The surface structure engineered and tested here is an array of femtosecond laser-produced parallel microgrooves that generates a strong capillary force. Due to the powerful capillary action, water is rapidly sucked into this engineered surface structure and spreads even on a vertical surface.  相似文献   

15.
16.
The rear contact solar cell concept has been implemented to increase the solar cell efficiency. Practically, it necessitates rapid fabrication of a large number of via holes to form low-loss current paths. It is not a trivial task to drill a number of microscopic holes through a typical Si wafer of ??200???m thickness at reasonable processing throughput and yield. In this research, a femtosecond laser is employed to drill via holes in both crystalline silicon (c-Si) and multicrystalline silicon (mc-Si) thin wafers of ??170???m thickness with various laser parameters such as number of laser shots and pulse energy. Since a significantly high pulse energy compared to ablation threshold is mainly applied, aiming to achieve a rapid drilling process, the femtosecond laser beam is subjected to complex non-linear characteristics. Therefore, the relative placement of the sample with respect to the laser focal position is also rigorously examined. While the non-linear effect at high pulse energy regime is complex, it also facilitates the drilling process in terms of achieving high-aspect ratio, for example, by extending the effective depth of focus by non-linear effect. Cross-sectional morphological analysis in conjunction with on-line emission and shadowgraph imaging are carried out in order to elucidate the drilling mechanism.  相似文献   

17.
Laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS, ripples) were generated on stainless steel (100Cr6) and titanium alloy (Ti6Al4V) surfaces upon irradiation with multiple femtosecond laser pulses (pulse duration 30 fs, central wavelength 790 nm). The experimental conditions (laser fluence, spatial spot overlap) were optimized in a sample-scanning geometry for the processing of large surface areas (5 × 5 mm2) covered homogeneously by the nanostructures. The irradiated surface regions were subjected to white light interference microscopy and scanning electron microscopy revealing spatial periods around 600 nm. The tribological performance of the nanostructured surface was characterized by reciprocal sliding against a ball of hardened steel in paraffin oil and in commercial engine oil as lubricants, followed by subsequent inspection of the wear tracks. For specific conditions, on the titanium alloy a significant reduction of the friction coefficient by a factor of more than two was observed on the laser-irradiated (LIPSS-covered) surface when compared to the non-irradiated one, indicating the potential benefit of laser surface structuring for tribological applications.  相似文献   

18.
The kinetic curves of the desorption of ethyl, n-propyl and n-butyl iodides on red phosphorus at 40, 60 and 100°C were determined. From these and from the rate-of-desorption curves the partition functions were obtained, giving desorption energies and activation energies for the desorption processes.

Making use of a radioactive iodine isotope, the differential isotope method was applied to studies of the interaction between alkyl iodides and the surface of red phosphorus.

The experimental results seem to indicate that the surface of red phosphorus is heterogeneous, and that, in addition to adsorption, certain chemisorption processes also take place, leading to cleavage of the C-I bond in the molecules of alkyl iodides.  相似文献   


19.
《Composite Interfaces》2013,20(4):197-211
The experimental technique of single-fiber electromechanical pull-out testing was introduced and used to study the interface between steel fiber and cement. The technique involves measuring both the contact electrical resistivity between fiber and matrix and the shear bond strength in a fiber-matrix interface sample. Samples that are identically prepared differ in contact resistivity and bond strength, which correlate. The correlation allows determination of even small differences in bond strength due to differences in sample preparation conditions, such as fiber surface treatment, cement curing age and admixtures to the cement paste. It also gives information on the structure of the interface and allows the bond strength to be non-destructively determined by measuring the contact resistivity.  相似文献   

20.
A spectrometer for recoil ion momentum measurements has been built for studying electron impact ionisation and dissociation of molecules. The apparatus is described in detail, highlighting its capabilities, as well as differences in design from the ones already in use elsewhere. Momentum spectra of ions resulting from 1300 eV electron impact on CO2 are presented. We observe a broad momentum distribution for the dissociative ionisation reaction leading to the formation of C+, and two momentum groups in the CO+ and O+ channel. By recording multiple ions arising from the same dissociative ionisation event, we also demonstrate the formation of fragment pairs O+:CO+, C+:O+, and O+:O+.  相似文献   

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