Quantum double and differential calculi

We show that bicovariant bimodules as defined by Woronowicz are in one-to-one correspondence with the Drinfeld quantum double representations. We then prove that a differential calculus associated to a bicovariant bimodule of dimension n is connected to the existence of a particular (n+1)-dimensional representation of the double. An example of bicovariant differential calculus on the nonquasitriangular quantum group E _q (2) is developed. The construction is studied in terms of Hochschild cohomology and a correspondence between differential calculi and 1-cocycles is proved. Some differences of calculi on quantum and finite groups with respect to Lie groups are stressed.     

IFFT-equivariant quantizations

The existence and uniqueness of quantizations that are equivariant with respect to conformal and projective Lie algebras of vector fields were recently obtained by Duval, Lecomte and Ovsienko. In order to do so, they computed spectra of some Casimir operators. We give an explicit formula for those spectra in the general framework of I FFT-algebras classified by Kobayashi and Nagano. We also define t ree-like subsets of eigenspaces of those operators in which eigenvalues can be compared to show the existence of IFFT-equivariant quantizations. We apply our results to prove the existence and uniqueness of quantizations that are equivariant with respect to the infinitesimal action of the symplectic (resp. pseudo-orhogonal) group on the symplectic (resp. pseudo-orthogonal) Grassmann manifold.     

Differential geometry of the quantum supergroupGL q (1/1)

We construct a right-invariant differential calculus on the quantum supergroupGL _q (1/1) and we show that the quantum Lie algebra generators satisfy the undeformed Lie superalgebra. The deformation becomes apparent when one studies the comultiplication for these generators. We bring the algebra into the standard Drinfeld-Jimbo form by performing a suitable change of variables, and we check the consistency of the map with the induced comultiplication.     

Left-covariant differential calculi on SLq(2) and SLq(3)

We study (N²−1)-dimensional left-covariant differential calculi on the quantum group SL_q(N) for which the generators of the quantum Lie algebras annihilate the quantum trace. In this way we obtain one distinguished calculus on SL_q(2) (which corresponds to Woronowicz' 3D-calculus on SU_q(2)) and two distinguished calculi on SL_q(3) such that the higher-order calculi give the ordinary differential calculus on SL(2) and SL(3), respectively, in the limit q → 1. Two new differential calculi on SL_q(3) are introduced and developed in detail.     

Covering groups and the standard elementary particle model

We determine all Lie groups compatible with the gauge structure of the Standard Elementary Particle Model (SM) and their representations. The groups are specified by congruence equations of quantum numbers. By comparison with the experimental results, we single out one Lie group G_sm and show that this choice implies certain old and new correlations between the quantum numbers of the SM quantum fields as well as some hitherto unknown group theoretical properties of the Higgs mechanism.     

Dimensional Reduction Over the Quantum Sphere and Non-Abelian q-Vortices

We extend equivariant dimensional reduction techniques to the case of quantum spaces which are the product of a K?hler manifold M with the quantum two-sphere. We work out the reduction of bundles which are equivariant under the natural action of the quantum group SU _q (2), and also of invariant gauge connections on these bundles. The reduction of Yang–Mills gauge theory on the product space leads to a q-deformation of the usual quiver gauge theories on M. We formulate generalized instanton equations on the quantum space and show that they correspond to q-deformations of the usual holomorphic quiver chain vortex equations on M. We study some topological stability conditions for the existence of solutions to these equations, and demonstrate that the corresponding vacuum moduli spaces are generally better behaved than their undeformed counterparts, but much more constrained by the q-deformation. We work out several explicit examples, including new examples of non-abelian vortices on Riemann surfaces, and q-deformations of instantons whose moduli spaces admit the standard hyper-K?hler quotient construction.     

Properties of 2×2 quantum matrices inZ 2-graded spaces

We construct the quantum supergroupGL _q(1/1) in its matrix representation. We investigate properties of powers of 2×2 quantum super-matrices and we show that any element ofGL _q(1/1) can be written as the exponential of a matrix with non-commuting entries. An explicit construction of this exponential form is presented. Finally, we prove a relation between the quantum superdeterminant of a quantum matrix and the supertrace of the logarithm of the quantum matrix.     

On the structure of the irreducible representation basis for the exceptional group G2

Using the method of projection operators we have constructed the basis of the irreducible representation D

of the exceptional Lie group G₂ corresponding to the reduction of this group to the subgroup SU₃. The basis is nonorthogonal but convenient for calculations. The matrices of the generators of the group G₂ in this basis have been found. The problem of additional quantum number ω required for the complete labelling of the basis vectors is considered. For this purpose we introduce the operator ω which is cubic with respect to the generators of the group G₂ and scalar with respect to the subgroup SU₃. The matrix of this operator has been calculated in the nonorthogonal basis. This matrix has a nondegenerate spectrum of eigenvalues ω which can be used as the missing quantum number.     

Quantum Lie Algebras, Their Existence, Uniqueness and q-Antisymmetry

Quantum Lie algebras are generalizations of Lie algebras which have the quantum parameter h built into their structure. They have been defined concretely as certain submodules of the quantized enveloping algebras . On them the quantum Lie product is given by the quantum adjoint action. Here we define for any finite-dimensional simple complex Lie algebra an abstract quantum Lie algebra independent of any concrete realization. Its h-dependent structure constants are given in terms of inverse quantum Clebsch-Gordan coefficients. We then show that all concrete quantum Lie algebras are isomorphic to an abstract quantum Lie algebra . In this way we prove two important properties of quantum Lie algebras: 1) all quantum Lie algebras associated to the same are isomorphic, 2) the quantum Lie product of any is q-antisymmetric. We also describe a construction of which establishes their existence. Received: 23 May 1996 / Accepted: 17 October 1996     

Quantum deformation of compactified Minkowski space

The quantum GrassmanianG(2|0; ? _q ^4|0 ) of “quantum 2-planes ? _q ^2|0 in the quantum 4-plane ? _q ^4|0 ”, which provides aq-deformation of compactified complexified Minkowski space, is proposed. A quantum analogue of classical Plücker embedding of the usual GrassmanianG(2; ?²) into a non-degenerate quadric in ??⁵ is found.     

Complex quantum groups and their quantum enveloping algebras

We construct complexified versions of the quantum groups associated with the Lie algebras of typeA _n?1 ,B _n ,C _n , andD _n . Following the ideas of Faddeev, Reshetikhin and Takhtajan we obtain the Hopf algebras of regular functionals U_? on these complexified quantum groups. In the special exampleA ₁ we derive theq-deformed enveloping algebraU _q (sl(2, ?)). In the limitq→1 the undeformedU _q (sl(2, ?)) is recovered.     

On automorphisms and universal ℛ-matrices at roots of unity

Invertible universal ?-matrices of quantum Lie algebras do not exist at roots of unity. However, quotients exist for which intertwiners of tensor products of representations always exist, i.e. ?-matrices exist in the representations. One of these quotients, which is finite-dimensional, has a universal ?-matrix. In this Letter we answer the following question: under which condition are the different quotients of U _q (sl(2)) (Hopf)-equivalent? In the case when they are equivalent, the universal ?-matrix of the one can be transformed into a universal ?-matrix of the other. We prove that this happens only whenq ⁴ = 1, and we explicitly give the expressions for the automorphisms and for the transformed universal ?-matrices in this case.     

On G-Trace and G-Index in Deformation Quantization

For a compact group G of symplectomorphisms we define a G-trace on the algebra of quantum observables by postulating its properties. We give an explicit construction of such a trace and prove a G-index theorem similar to the Atiyah–Segal–Singer equivariant index theorem for elliptic operators.     

The <Emphasis Type="Italic">q</Emphasis>-boson-fermion realizations of the quantum superalgebra <Emphasis Type="Italic">U</Emphasis><Subscript><Emphasis Type="Italic">q</Emphasis></Subscript>(<Emphasis Type="Italic">osp</Emphasis>(1/2))

We show that our construction of realizations for algebras and quantum algebras can be generalized to quantum superalgebras too. We studyan example of quantum superalgebra U _q (osp(1/2)) and give the boson-fermion realization with respect to one pair of q-boson operators and one pair of fermions.     

The dual (p,q)-Alexander-Conway Hopf algebras and the associated universal ℐ-matrix

The dually conjugate Hopf algebrasFun _p,q (R) andU _p,q (R) associated with the two-parametric (p,q)-Alexander-Conway solution (R) of the Yang-Baxter equation are studied. Using the Hopf duality construction, the full Hopf structure of the quasitriangular enveloping algebraU _p,q (R) is extracted. The universal ?-matrix forsFun _p,q (R) is derived. While expressing an arbitrary group element of the quantum group characterized by the noncommuting parameters in a representation independent way, the ?-matrix generalizes the familiar exponential relation between a Lie group and its Lie algebra. The universal ?-matrix and the FRT matrix generators,L ^(±), forU _p,q (R) are derived from the ?-matrix.     

Quantum groups as generalized gauge symmetries in WZNW models. Part II. The quantized model

This is the second part of a paper dealing with the “internal” (gauge) symmetry of the Wess–Zumino–Novikov–Witten (WZNW) model on a compact Lie group G. It contains a systematic exposition, for G = SU(n), of the canonical quantization based on the study of the classical model (performed in the first part) following the quantum group symmetric approach first advocated by L.D. Faddeev and collaborators. The internal symmetry of the quantized model is carried by the chiral WZNW zero modes satisfying quadratic exchange relations and an n-linear determinant condition. For generic values of the deformation parameter the Fock representation of the zero modes’ algebra gives rise to a model space of U _q (sl(n)). The relevant root of unity case is studied in detail for n = 2 when a “restricted” (finite dimensional) quotient quantum group is shown to appear in a natural way. The module structure of the zero modes’ Fock space provides a specific duality with the solutions of the Knizhnik–Zamolodchikov equation for the four point functions of primary fields suggesting the existence of an extended state space of logarithmic CFT type. Combining left and right zero modes (i.e., returning to the 2D model), the rational CFT structure shows up in a setting reminiscent to covariant quantization of gauge theories in which the restricted quantum group plays the role of a generalized gauge symmetry.     

Laplace operator and hodge decomposition for quantum groups and quantum spaces

LetΓ=Γ _±,z be one of theN ²-dimensional bicovariant first order differential calculi for the quantum groups GL _q (N), SL _q (N), SO _q (N), or Sp _q (N), whereq is a transcendental complex number andz is a regular parameter. It is shown that the de Rham cohomology of Woronowicz’s external algebraΓ ^{^} coincides with the de Rham cohomologies of its leftinvariant, its right-invariant and its biinvariant subcomplexes. In the cases GL _q (N) and SL _q (N) the cohomology ring is isomorphic to the biinvariant external algebraΓ _inv ^{^} and to the vector space of harmonic forms. We prove a Hodge decomposition theorem in these cases. The main technical tool is the spectral decomposition of the quantum Laplace-Beltrami operator. It is also applicable for quantum Euclidean spheres. The eigenvalues of the Laplace-Beltrami operator in cases of the general linear quantum group, the orthogonal quantum group, and the quantum Euclidean spheres are given.