Kα波段介质加载回旋行波管小信号分析与设计

应用分析回旋行波管绝对不稳定性的Briggs-Bers相碰判据与小信号色散方程,并结合介质加载波导的冷场分析,通过数值计算比较了不同介质加载条件下回旋行波管工作模式的起振电流与寄生模式的起振长度,通过改变加载介质的特性参数从而增加行波损耗可以显著提高工作模式起振电流,并抑制掉寄生模式的返波振荡.结合介质加载波导冷场分析与回旋行波管小信号色散方程,分析了介质加载条件下回旋行波管小信号增益,给出了不同介质加载条件下的回旋行波管的小信号增益带宽曲线.在对介质回旋行波管自激振荡与小信号增益的综合分析基础上,对Kα 关键词： Kα波段介质加载回旋行波管 绝对不稳定性 自激振荡 小信号增益     

Kα波段介质加载回旋行波管小信号分析与设计

应用分析回旋行波管绝对不稳定性的Briggs-Bers相碰判据与小信号色散方程，并结合介质加载波导的冷场分析，通过数值计算比较了不同介质加载条件下回旋行波管工作模式的起振电流与寄生模式的起振长度，通过改变加载介质的特性参数从而增加行波损耗可以显著提高工作模式起振电流，并抑制掉寄生模式的返波振荡.结合介质加载波导冷场分析与回旋行波管小信号色散方程，分析了介质加载条件下回旋行波管小信号增益，给出了不同介质加载条件下的回旋行波管的小信号增益带宽曲线.在对介质回旋行波管自激振荡与小信号增益的综合分析基础上，对Kα     

介质加载回旋行波管小信号分析

 应用分析回旋行波管绝对不稳定性的Briggs-Bers相碰判据与小信号色散方程，结合介质加载波导的冷场分析，数值计算并比较了不同介质加载条件下回旋行波管工作模式的起振电流与寄生模式的起振长度。改变加载介质的特性参数可以增加行波损耗从而显著提高工作模式起振电流，并抑制掉寄生模式的返波振荡。结合介质加载波导冷场分析与回旋行波管小信号色散方程，分析了介质加载条件下回旋行波管小信号增益，计算得出了不同介质加载条件下的回旋行波管的小信号增益带宽曲线。     

具有分布损耗波导结构的回旋行波放大器绝对不稳定性

 详细推导了具有分布损耗波导结构的回旋行波放大器的色散特性。通过绝对不稳定性振荡出现的条件,给出求解具有损耗波导结构回旋行波管放大器的绝对不稳定性起振电流的数值计算方法。研究结果表明：绝对不稳定性起振电流与损耗波导的集肤深度有关,选择有较大的集肤深度的损耗波导可以提高绝对不稳定性起振电流;绝对不稳定性起振电流同时也与工作磁场偏离饱和磁场的程度以及电子束的纵横速度比有关;通过设计具有分布损耗波导结构的注-波互作用电路,以及工作磁场、电子束的纵横速度比,可以在兼顾带宽、效率的条件下,保证回旋行波管放大器稳定工作。     

基于损耗介质加载波导的回旋行波管放大器的互作用分析

损耗介质波导对提高回旋行波管放大器的稳定性等性能具有积极的作用.本文基于损耗介质波导中工作模式的场表达式,推导出电子回旋脉塞互作用线性理论.通过系统的数值计算发现损耗介质波导与光滑金属圆波导中的工作模式从场型分布和色散关系上都具有一一对应关系;通过Laplace变换,利用互作用线性理论计算工作模式的起振场型和阈值,并研究互作用系统磁场、电流和介质层对放大特性的影响.这些研究成果对促进损耗介质在回旋行波管放大器中的运用和高稳定性回旋行波管放大器的发展具有积极的作用.     

介质加载回旋行波管互作用结构

 分布式介质加载技术已被成功应用于回旋行波管的高频结构,该结构对于回旋行波管的自激振荡起到很好的抑制作用。对采用分布式介质加载的Ka波段,工作模式为TE₀₁模的回旋行波管进行了稳定性分析;计算了介质加载条件下工作和寄生模式的传播损耗,以及不同传播损耗下工作模式的起振电流;对不同介质加载条件和工作电流,给出了三个主要寄生模式的起振长度;在对介质加载回旋行波管工作和寄生模式稳定性综合分析的基础上,确定了介质加载厚度及相对介电常数等参数。利用优化设计的高频结构及介质加载参数,进行了整管热测实验,得到了输出功率160 kW,饱和增益40 dB,效率22.8%及3 dB带宽5%的回旋行波管。     

W波段回旋行波管放大器的模拟与设计

回旋行波管放大器是高功率毫米波雷达发射系统最重要的候选者.通过对回旋行波管放大器中的绝对不稳定性、回旋返波振荡以及电子注-波互作用的研究，讨论了回旋行波管的稳定性、寄生模式的抑制和工作参数的优化等问题，给出了W波段TE₀₁模回旋行波管放大器的模拟设计结果.PIC粒子模拟结果表明，在电子注电压100kV、电流10A、工作磁场3.52T时，94GHz的基波回旋行波管放大器可获得大于250kW的输出功率、40dB的增益、大于25％的效率和约5％的带宽. 关键词： W波段 回旋行波管放大器 模拟 设计     

螺旋波纹波导回旋行波管注波互作用非线性理论

螺旋波纹波导回旋行波管与采用光滑圆波导的回旋管相比,有较大的带宽。介绍了该类回旋行波管的非线性注波互作用理论。计算结果表明该理论计算结果与实际实验报道的结果基本符合,相应的电子效率达到29%,饱和增益达到37 dB,工作磁场0.21 T,电压185 kV,电流19 A。     

W波段螺旋波纹波导回旋行波管注波互作用的非线性分析

回旋行波管是下一代高分辨率成像雷达、高速率远程通信等电子系统首选的高功率电磁波辐射源,在国防安全方面具有重要的战略意义,研究发现,螺旋波纹波导回旋行波管具有较大的带宽,较高的电子效率及稳定性,本文从有源麦克斯韦方程组出发,系统地推导了螺旋波纹波导的色散方程及非线性注波互作用理论,数值计算结果与已有的实验报道基本相符,在此基础上,设计了W波段螺旋波纹回旋行波管,工作电压为80kV,工作电流为5A,中心频率为95GHz,3dB带宽约4.5%,饱和增益为52dB,最大输出功率为142kW,电子效率达20%—35%.最后,本文计算了电流、电压及输入功率的改变对W波段螺旋波纹波导回旋行波管输出性能的影响。     

Ka波段二次谐波损耗波导回旋行波管非线性分析

 建立了由损耗段和铜段组成的波导结构的Ka波段二次谐波回旋行波放大器理论模型,并进行了非线性理论研究。基于稳定性分析,确定35 GHz TE₀₂模二次谐波回旋行波放大器的基本工作参数:波导半径为1.02 cm,电子注工作电压为90 kV,工作电流为25 A,工作磁场为0.642 6 T,横纵速度比为1.2;然后通过模拟详细分析了工作电流、波导损耗和速度零散等因素对该放大器性能的影响。研究表明：在该结构中损耗段可以有效地抑制模式竞争从而提高输出功率和带宽;工作电流对输出功率的影响存在最大值;速度零散对输出功率有很大的影响。     

Gyrotron travelling wave amplifier: I. Analysis of oscillations

The operation of the gyrotron travelling wave amplifier is based on the convective cyclotron maser instability. It is found that this convective instability may become absolute (nonconvective) at a sufficiently high current level, resulting in oscillation instead of amplification. This threshold current for the transition depends sensitively on the applied magnetic field. The axial wavelength and the characteristic frequency of oscillation at the onset of absolute instability are given. It is found that momentum spread has virtually no effect on the threshold current. A small amount of resistive wall loss, however, raises the threshold current significantly. Oscillations due to partial reflection at the ends of the system are also examined. Preliminary experimental results on both types of oscillations are reported and are found to be in good agreement with the theory.     

Low-threshold absolute parametric decay instabilities in experiments on electron cyclotron resonance heating in tokamaks

We have analyzed experimental conditions for the excitation of absolute parametric decay instabilities accompanying the electron cyclotron resonance heating (ECRH) of plasma at the second harmonic of resonance in tokamaks. It has been shown that, in the case of a nonmonotonic radial profile of the plasma density, when a heating beam passes near the equatorial plane of a tokamak, the parametric excitation of resonances of ion Bernstein waves accompanied by the generation of the backscattered microwave radiation can occur. The threshold of absolute instability thus developed is determined by the dissipation of an ion Bernstein wave and can be exceeded in current experiments on the ECRH of a plasma in tokamaks.     

Convective and absolute instabilities in the subcritical Ginzburg-Landau equation

We study the nature of the instability of the homogeneous steady states of the subcritical real Ginzburg-Landau equation in the presence of group velocity. The shift of the absolute instability threshold of the trivial steady state, induced by the destabilizing cubic nonlinearities, is confirmed by the numerical analysis of the evolution of its perturbations. It is also shown that the dynamics of these perturbations is such that finite size effects may suppress the transition from convective to absolute instability. Finally, we analyze the instability of the subcritical middle branch of steady states, and show, analytically and numerically, that this branch may be convectively unstable for sufficiently high values of the group velocity. Received 17 December 1998     

Parametric instability of a magnetic junction under modulated spin-polarized current

The stability is analyzed of the magnetic junction collinear configurations against small fluctuations under amplitude-modulated current with current-perpendicular-to-plane mode. High spin injection is assumed. Under parametric resonance conditions, with the modulation frequency twice the precession frequency, instability is possible of one, or another, or both the collinear configurations. When the direct component of the current density exceeds the instability threshold of the antiparallel configuration, the parametric instability is suppressed by nonparametric one which is induced by the direct current. The parametric instability manifests itself as lowering the threshold of the direct current density in the presence of the high-frequency current; such an effect has been observed in experiments repeatedly.     

Absolute and convective instabilities of a viscous film flowing down a vertical fiber

The stability of a viscous film flowing down a vertical fiber under the action of gravity is analyzed both experimentally and theoretically. At large or small film thicknesses, the instability is convective, whereas an absolute instability mode is observed in an intermediate range of film thicknesses for fibers of small enough radius. The onset of the experimental irregular wavy regime corresponds precisely to the theoretical prediction of the threshold of the convective instability.     

HLS bunch current measurement system

Bunch current is an important parameter for studying the injection fill-pattern in the storage ring and the instability threshold of the bunch, and the bunch current monitor also is an indispensable tool for the top-up injection. A bunch current measurement (BCM) system has been developed to meet the needs of the upgrade project of Hefei Light Source (HLS). This paper presents the layout of the BCM system. The system based on a high-speed digital oscilloscope can be used to measure the bunch current and synchronous phase shift. To obtain the absolute value of bunch-by-bunch current, the calibration coefficient is measured and analyzed. Error analysis shows that the RMS of bunch current is less than 0.01 mA when bunch current is about 5 mA, which can meet project requirement.

     

Three-dimensional absolute and convective instabilities in mixed convection of a viscoelastic fluid through a porous medium

By using the mathematical formalism of absolute and convective instabilities we study the nature of unstable three-dimensional disturbances of viscoelastic flow convection in a porous medium with horizontal through-flow and vertical temperature gradient. Temporal stability analysis reveals that among three-dimensional (3D) modes the pure down-stream transverse rolls are favored for the onset of convection. In addition, by considering a spatiotemporal stability approach we found that all unstable 3D modes are convectively unstable except the transverse rolls which may experience a transition to absolute instability. The combined influence of through-flow and elastic parameters on the absolute instability threshold, wave number and frequency is then determined, and results are compared to those of a Newtonian fluid.     

Order parameter description of walk-off effect on pattern selection in degenerate optical parametric oscillators

Degenerate optical parametric oscillators can exhibit both uniformly translating fronts and nonuniformly translating envelope fronts under the walk-off effect. The nonlinear dynamics near threshold is shown to be described by a real convective Swift-Hohenberg equation, which provides the main characteristics of the walk-off effect on pattern selection. The predictions of the selected wave vector and the absolute instability threshold are in very good quantitative agreement with numerical solutions found from the equations describing the optical parametric oscillator.     

Threshold fields for stimulated Brillouin scattering in spatially limited plasma

Brillouin scattering in an infinite medium is anisotropic, in this case the threshold of absolute instability is caused by attenuation of scattered waves. If the collision attenuation mechanism prevails, the minimum threshold value is observed during backward scattering. For a scattering region limited in the longitudinal direction (parallel to the direction of pumping wave propagation), the backward scattering threshold will be greater than for an infinite medium due to convective loss associated with energy removal by scattered waves. In this paper, the scattering of a wide wave beam in plasma is considered, whose dimension in the transverse direction to the pumping wave propagation substantially exceeds the dimension in the longitudinal direction. It was revealed that in this case, during angle scattering the instability threshold can be less than the threshold for backward scattering due to the increased time of radiation removal from the interaction region. This effect was not taken into account previously. In turn, the decrease of the threshold leads to increasing the radiation loss, which is important in plasma heating problems. The results can also be used for plasma diagnostics.