有机光伏器件激活层的微结构有序性与电荷输运

本文在对有机光伏电池载流子产生机理分析的基础上,从有机光伏电池激活层的微观结构对光电转换效率影响的角度,系统介绍了目前该领域的一些重要研究成果,详细分析了影响光电转换效率的主要因素,并提出了一系列改善光伏电池效率的方法,对未来该领域的研究作了展望.     

有机光伏器件激活层的微结构有序性与电荷输运

本文在对有机光伏电池载流子产生机理分析的基础上，从有机光伏电池激活层的微观结构对光电转换效率影响的角度，系统介绍了目前该领域的一些重要研究成果，详细分析了影响光电转换效率的主要因素，并提出了一系列改善光伏电池效率的方法，对未来该领域的研究作了展望。     

有机光伏材料与器件研究的新进展

近几年有机光伏电池应用研究发展迅猛。本文综述了有机光伏薄膜电池在材料(包括有机小分子材料与聚合物材料)、器件构造方面的最新进展，分析了有机聚合物光伏电池目前效率低的主要原因，并探讨了该领域进一步研究的方向和前景。     

基于碳纳米管的光伏电池

碳纳米管具有独特的一维结构和优异的光电特性,是构建光伏电池的理想材料。本文主要综述了近年来碳纳米管基光伏电池的结构设计、制备方法以及碳纳米管在器件中的不同功能应用。首先概述了碳纳米管的结构和光电特性,重点讨论了碳纳米管作为光电转换材料、导电电极和载流子传输层等功能层时器件的原理、制作方法及优缺点,介绍了碳纳米管在微型光伏电池、碳纳米管/硅异质结光伏电池、染料敏化光伏电池、钙钛矿光伏电池、有机光伏电池以及柔性光伏电池中的应用,最后总结了碳纳米管基光伏电池的优势和挑战,以期为新型碳基光伏电池的设计和制作提供思路和参考。     

宽光谱太阳能电池

太阳能电池的光谱响应特性和光电转换效率与光伏材料的微观能带结构及其宏观组装方式密切相关。无论使用哪种光伏材料,普通单结或单层太阳能电池都只能对部分波段的太阳光进行有效利用。宽光谱研究的目标是要使太阳能电池更好地利用太阳光谱所覆盖的全部波段范围的能量,从而提高太阳能电池光电转换效率。本文从化学角度综述了实现宽光谱太阳能电池的基本方法和当前的研究进展,其中包括叠层太阳能电池、中间带太阳能电池、量子点太阳能电池、热光伏太阳能电池、上转换和下转换、分子基柔性太阳能电池等方法。     

稀土掺杂量子剪裁发光材料简述

量子剪裁发光是20世纪50年代由Dexter提出的,吸收一个高频光子转换为两个低频光子的过程.20世纪90年代提出了将Yb3+离子的剪裁发光应用于提高硅基电池效率的构想,但是一直没有实质性的进展.2017年,Yb3+离子的铅卤化物钙钛矿量子剪裁发光材料被发现,并大幅提高了商用硅电池的光电转换效率,为光伏应用带来新的契机...     

钙钛矿光伏电池封装材料与工艺研究进展

钙钛矿太阳能电池作为第3代新概念太阳能电池,具有高光电转换效率、低成本和可柔性加工等优点,近年来发展迅速,其光电转换效率从一开始的3.8%增长到近期的25.5%,逐渐比肩硅电池,已接近商业化应用水平。目前,实现钙钛矿太阳能电池产业应用的关键环节在于电池封装,它不仅可以解决钙钛矿光伏器件稳定性问题,还可以实现电池安全、环保和延长使用寿命等要求。结合近十几年来钙钛矿光伏电池封装材料和封装工艺两方面的发展现状,文中介绍了钙钛矿电池封装领域取得的成果和存在的不足,讨论了目前现有封装技术的优缺点,以及它们适用的不同器件类型。着重在不同温度湿度条件下,比较了不同封装材料性能、封装工艺条件对钙钛矿电池效率及稳定性的影响,归纳出影响钙钛矿电池薄膜封装效果的3个关键因素： 聚合物的弹性模量、水蒸气透过率、加工温度。比较了不同聚合物薄膜封装材料适宜的加工温度、优缺点及加工成本。可以看出,随着钙钛矿光伏电池工业化需求的强烈增长和人们对其封装材料研究的不断深入,研究适合大面积生产和光伏建筑一体化的新型功能聚合物封装材料将是必然趋势。     

有机光伏薄膜的力学性能调控与预测

有机光伏电池(OPVs)具有颜色丰富、质轻、柔性等优点,在半透明、可穿戴/可拉伸电子器件领域具有极大的应用前景.本文重点评述了高效率有机光伏活性层薄膜的力学性能调整策略,并概述了其力学性能的理论预测模型.首先,简要介绍了薄膜的力学性能参数及其测试方法;随后,结合最新实例分别阐述了聚合物∶小分子和全聚合物两类OPVs共混薄膜力学性能的调控方法和理论模型;最后,对有机光电薄膜未来的研究趋势进行了展望.     

稀土有机光→电、电→光转换器件

198 6年Ｔａｎｇ发表双层有机光伏电池[1] 与无机光伏电池相比 ,以重量轻 ,材料经济并可以沉积在柔性衬底上等潜在优势正在引起人们注意。目前对有机光伏效应的研究多集中在聚苯乙炔 (ＰＰＶ)及其衍生物上[2 ,3 ] ,能量转换效率在 10ｍＷ·ｃｍ- 2 紫外光照下可超过 4 % [4 ] ;以小分子有机物制成的光伏器件也得到研究人员的关注[5,6] 。但是采用稀土配合物作为电子给体层的有机光伏器件还未见报道。我们研究组一直对以稀土有机配合物为发光层的有机ＥＬ器件进行研究[7,8] 。在研究ＥＬ器件特性过程中 ,我们发现稀土有机电致发光器件在紫外…     

一个普通化学实验:简易光伏电池的制作

本文介绍了一个简易光伏电池制作的教学实验。该实验包括两种光伏电池的制作,硫化铜/硅光伏电池和N719染料敏化的敏化光伏电池,适用于在大学一年级的普通化学实验课程中开设。文章对实验所包含的一系列基本化学原理进行了讨论,以方便该实验的进一步拓展,用于高年级的实验课程。     

基于非富勒烯小分子受体Y6的有机太阳能电池

随着给/受体材料的不断发展,有机太阳能电池的器件效率不断取得进展.特别是非富勒受体分子Y6的出现,使单结有机太阳能电池的效率突破了15％.Y6已经应用到了有机太阳能电池各个方面并且极大提升了其性能.本综述主要总结了Y6在二元、三元和四元、逐层印刷、柔性、叠层和半透明等有机太阳能电池方面的研究情况,以及基于Y6三线态的有...     

Nanoparticle-polymer photovoltaic cells

The need to develop and deploy large-scale, cost-effective, renewable energy is becoming increasingly important. In recent years photovoltaic (PV) cells based on nanoparticles blended with semiconducting polymers have achieved good power conversion efficiencies (PCE). All the nanoparticle types used in these PV cells can be considered as colloids. These include spherical, rod-like or branched organic or inorganic nanoparticles. Nanoparticle-polymer PV cells have the long-term potential to provide low cost, high-efficiency renewable energy. The maximum PCE achieved to date is about 5.5%. This value should rise as recently reported theoretical predictions suggest 10% is achievable. However, there are a number of challenges that remain to be overcome. In this review two general types of nanoparticle-polymer PV cells are considered and compared in detail. The organic nanoparticle-polymer PV cells contain fullerene derivatives (e.g., phenyl C61-butyric acid methyl ester, PCBM) or single-walled nanotubes as the nanoparticle phase. The second type is hybrid inorganic nanoparticle-polymer PV cells. These contain semiconducting nanoparticles that include CdSe, ZnO or PbS. The structure-property relationships that apply to both the polymer and nanoparticle phases are considered. The principles underlying nanoparticle-polymer PV cell operation are also discussed. An outcome of consideration of the literature in both areas are two sets of assembly conditions that are suggested for constructing PCBM-P3HT (P3HT is poly(3-hexylthiophene)) or CdSe-P3HT PV cells with reasonable power conversion efficiency. The maximum PCE reported for organic nanoparticle PV cells is about twice that for inorganic nanoparticle-polymer PV cells. This appears to be related to morphological differences between the respective photoactive layers. The morphological differences are attributed to differences in the colloidal stability of the nanoparticle/polymer/solvent mixtures used to prepare the photoactive layers. The principles controlling the colloid stability of the nanoparticle/polymer/solvent mixtures are discussed.     

支链带有富勒烯的聚噻吩和齐聚噻吩及其光伏电池研究进展

可溶性聚噻吩和富勒烯(主要是C60)及其衍生物,是聚合物太阳能电池中被广泛使用的给体和受体材料,它们之间的相容性和富勒烯的聚集效应对于太阳能电池能量转换效率有很大影响。将富勒烯与聚噻吩通过共价键连接在一起,可解决它们的共混膜中的相分离问题,有望提高器件效率,是未来有机和聚合物光伏材料研究的一个重要方向。本文按主链是聚噻吩或齐聚噻吩将这种连有富勒烯的材料分为两类,介绍了这些材料的合成方法、电化学性质及基于这些材料的太阳能电池器件近几年来的研究进展。     

A chlorinated non-fullerene acceptor for efficient polymer solar cells

After additive and thermal annealing treatment, the PM6:Y15 based device obtains a high power conversion efficiency of 14.13%.     

Synthesis and characterization of push–pull organic semiconductors with various acceptors for solution-processed small molecule organic solar cells

New efficient push–pull organic semiconductors comprising of the bis(9,9-dimethyl-9H-fluoren-2-yl)aniline (bisDMFA) donor and the various acceptors such as NO₂, DCBP, and TCF, which were linked with bithiophene or vinyl bithiophene π-conjugation bridges, were synthesized, and their photovoltaic characteristics were investigated in solution-processed small molecule organic solar cells (SMOSCs). The intramolecular charge transfers of these materials were effectively appeared in between bisDMFA donor and acceptors, depending on the electron-withdrawing strength of acceptors. The organic semiconductors having NO₂ and DCBP acceptors exhibited the most efficient photovoltaic performance, showing power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 1.98% (±0.17) and 2.01% (±0.21), respectively. When the TiO_x thin layer was treated on photoactive layer, the organic semiconductor having NO₂ showed the best PCE of 2.70% with short circuit current of 8.19 mA/cm², fill factor of 0.40, and open circuit voltage of 0.83 V in SMOSC devices.     

Design,Synthesis, and Photovoltaic Characterization of a Small Molecular Acceptor with an Ultra‐Narrow Band Gap

The design of narrow band gap (NBG) donors or acceptors and their application in organic solar cells (OSCs) are of great importance in the conversion of solar photons to electrons. Limited by the inevitable energy loss from the optical band gap of the photovoltaic material to the open‐circuit voltage of the OSC device, the improvement of the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of NBG‐based OSCs faces great challenges. A novel acceptor–donor–acceptor structured non‐fullerene acceptor is reported with an ultra‐narrow band gap of 1.24 eV, which was achieved by an enhanced intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) effect. In the OSC device, despite a low energy loss of 0.509 eV, an impressive short‐circuit current density of 25.3 mA cm⁻² is still recorded, which is the highest value for all OSC devices. The high 10.9 % PCE of the NBG‐based OSC demonstrates that the design and application of ultra‐narrow materials have the potential to further improve the PCE of OSC devices.     

All‐Inorganic CsPbX3 Perovskite Solar Cells: Progress and Prospects

Recently, lead halide‐based perovskites have become one of the hottest topics in photovoltaic research because of their excellent optoelectronic properties. Among them, organic‐inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have made very rapid progress with their power conversion efficiency (PCE) now at 23.7 %. However, the intrinsically unstable nature of these materials, particularly to moisture and heat, may be a problem for their long‐term stability. Replacing the fragile organic group with more robust inorganic Cs⁺ cations forms the cesium lead halide system (CsPbX₃, X is halide) as all‐inorganic perovskites which are much more thermally stable and often more stable to other factors. From the first report in 2015 to now, the PCE of CsPbX₃‐based PSCs has abruptly increased from 2.9 % to 17.1 % with much enhanced stability. In this Review, we summarize the field up to now, propose solutions in terms of development bottlenecks, and attempt to boost further research in CsPbX₃ PSCs.     

Design,Synthesis, and Photovoltaic Characterization of a Small Molecular Acceptor with an Ultra‐Narrow Band Gap

The design of narrow band gap (NBG) donors or acceptors and their application in organic solar cells (OSCs) are of great importance in the conversion of solar photons to electrons. Limited by the inevitable energy loss from the optical band gap of the photovoltaic material to the open‐circuit voltage of the OSC device, the improvement of the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of NBG‐based OSCs faces great challenges. A novel acceptor–donor–acceptor structured non‐fullerene acceptor is reported with an ultra‐narrow band gap of 1.24 eV, which was achieved by an enhanced intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) effect. In the OSC device, despite a low energy loss of 0.509 eV, an impressive short‐circuit current density of 25.3 mA cm⁻² is still recorded, which is the highest value for all OSC devices. The high 10.9 % PCE of the NBG‐based OSC demonstrates that the design and application of ultra‐narrow materials have the potential to further improve the PCE of OSC devices.     

Effects of processing additives in non-fullerene organic bulk heterojunction solar cells with efficiency >11%

The solar cell surface morphologies with different additives observed with slightly changed in roughness. It is easily to get the best PCE of 11.1% with using 0.5% DIO additives.