双波长啁啾相移光纤光栅

理论研究并实验验证了一种含有两段π相移的啁啾相移光纤光栅.采用F矩阵对啁啾相移光纤光栅进行计算并分析了该光栅的谱特性.含有两段π相移的啁啾相移光纤光栅可以在普通啁啾光栅透射谱阻带中产生双波长透射峰,透射峰位置直接取决于光栅中π相移的位置,透射峰的线宽和透射峰的波长间隔没有关系,仅随着啁啾率的增大而增大.采用带相位掩模的逐点扫描法对含有两段π相移的双波长啁啾相移光栅进行了制作,获得波长间隔为8 nm的双波长透射谱的光栅器件.该光栅的消光比和3 dB谱线宽分别为20 dB和0.08 nm,实验结果和理论设计一致.     

动态应变场下相移光栅光谱特性及实验研究

光纤传感技术以其抗电磁干扰、高精度、易组网等优势在航空航天及地下工程领域的声发射传感中得到了广泛应用。针对光纤光栅声发射监测系统,目前研究侧重于均匀光纤光栅的动态应变场传感特性,基于相移光纤光栅(phase-shifted fiber Bragg grating, PS-FBG)这一新型光纤光栅器件,重点研究声发射激励产生的动态应变场下相移光纤光栅的光谱特性变化规律。首先利用传输矩阵理论,建立PS-FBG的动态应变传感模型,利用指数衰减的余弦函数模拟声发射激励产生的动态应变场。通过数值仿真,详细研究PS-FBG光谱对动态应变场幅度、采样时刻、衰减系数、声发射频率及波长的响应特性。结果表明,PS-FBG反射谱形状随声发射频率与采样时刻呈现周期性变化,具体表现为透射窗口所对波长产生周期性漂移,而带宽变化不明显;随着动态应变场幅值越大,PS-FBG反射谱的谐振峰向两侧逐渐增多,透射窗口所对波长漂移很小;一定范围内衰减系数对PS-FBG光谱影响较大;而当声发射波长为0.1～2 L时,对PS-FBG光谱产生较大影响,此时光谱畸变较严重,在此范围外,光谱形状不发生明显变化。最后,搭建连续信号激励下的动态应变场实验平台,分析不同幅度a与频率f变化下PS-FBG的光谱特性,实验结果与仿真结果较好吻合。表明PS-FBG光谱对不同声发射激励产生的动态应变场响应不同,呈现一定规律性,该研究为基于相移光纤光栅传感技术的声发射传感提供理论指导。     

基于啁啾相移光纤光栅的滤波器设计及应用

相移光纤光栅作为透射型带通滤波器件降低了使用成本和插入损耗.在光通信和传感领域有着较高的应用价值.啁啾相移光纤光栅的透射峰波长和数量由相移点的位置和数量来确定,透射峰特性受相移量的影响.采用分段切趾的方法获得满足光通信要求的滤波特性,利用传输矩阵法分析了切趾前后透射峰特性的变化,结果表明:切趾改善了滤波器的幅度和相位响应,依据滤波器的设计要求选取不同的切趾函数以及切趾比例;切趾还大大减弱了透射峰波长和深度对相移量的敏感度,适当切趾后相移量的影响可以忽略.并提出一种应用双通道啁啾相移光纤光栅滤波器产生脉冲毫米波副载波信号的方案.     

可编程带宽波长独立可调光纤光栅滤波器

研究了一种基于线性啁啾光纤布拉格光栅(LCFBG)和热光相移技术的可编程带宽波长独立可调光纤光栅滤波器,透射峰数目、带宽、中心波长及波长间隔独立可调。由于热光效应,对LCFBG局部区域进行加热便可在加热处引入相移,使LCFBG透射禁带上产生透射峰。采用可编程的热打印头作为数字化加热单元,精确加热光纤光栅的特定位置,通过控制加热区域的数目和加热区域的间隔来分别确定透射波长的数目和透射波长的间隔;通过改变LCFBG被加热区域的宽度,实现可变带宽滤波。此可编程带宽波长独立可调光纤光栅滤波器的透射峰带宽调谐范围为0.07～1.55nm,透射峰中心波长调谐范围为1547.44～1558.64nm,两透射峰间距最小为0.95nm。     

光栅辅助的光纤谐振环反射特性研究

针对成品相移光栅反射谱中透射窗口位置的小可调谐性,提出了一种由单模光纤谐振环和普通布拉格光栅组成的新型器件.利用信号流程网的方法,详细分析了该器件的工作原理,给出了该器件的反射输出表达式,并推导了该器件的精细度和半峰全宽的表达式,利用Matlab进行了数值模拟.结果发现光栅辅助的光纤谐振环的反射谱具有相移光栅反射谱的特点,并且该器件反射谱中透射窗口的深度和位置还具有可调谐性.最后,分析了光纤谐振环参数对该器件反射谱的半峰全宽和精细度的影响,为进一步提高该器件作为窄线宽单频光纤激光器选频元件的性能提供了理论依据.     

相移光纤光栅多重滤波特性研究及应用

滤波器是通信中一种重要的器件,相移光纤光栅因其显著的滤波特性,可作为带阻滤波器应用于密集波分复用系统,实现光信号的解调。影响相移光纤光栅滤波特性的因素有很多,通过相移光纤光栅的耦合模理论分析,并利用MATLAB语言编程计算出相移光纤光栅的单波长、双波长和多波长滤波反射谱。结果发现:光栅参数的变化会使相移光纤光栅滤波特性发生改变;当进行双波长滤波时,反射谱将随着相移点位置由内向外的改变而向内塌缩;多波长滤波时,相移点位置不同可分别出现多透射窗口和超宽矩形透射窗口。     

相移光纤光栅耦合系数控制

为了通过遮挡法实现不同耦合系数π相移光纤光栅制作,分析了刻制过程中的相移形成原理,提出通过调整遮挡区长度和π相移周期次数控制π相移光纤光栅耦合系数的方法.采用传输矩阵法对刻制相移光纤光栅过程中的透射谱变化进行仿真计算,分析了不同光栅条纹可见度下遮挡区长度对相移光纤光栅透射谱的影响.基于不同遮挡区长度进行了相移光纤光栅制作实验,结果表明:通过调整遮挡区长度和π相移出现次数能够实现对相移光纤光栅耦合系数的有效控制.     

单点相移光纤光栅光谱特性的研究与应用

可调谐窄线宽掺铒光纤激光器具有线宽窄、噪声低等优点,在光纤通信、光纤传感、相干探测和合成等方面有广泛的应用。根据传输矩阵法, 利用Matlab软件仿真出单点相移光纤光栅的透射谱,通过对不同相移量、不同相移点位置、不同光栅的长度以及不同纤芯有效折射率的单点相移光纤光栅透射谱进行分析,得到了影响其相移峰的透射率、线宽、位置的主要因素,并提出了一种利用相移量为π且相移点在中点的相移光纤光栅作为滤波窗口的可调谐窄线宽掺铒光纤激光器的方案。     

非啁啾取样光纤布拉格光栅反射峰值波长的分析

推导并验证了非啁啾取样光纤布拉格光栅(SFBG)反射谱中反射峰值波长的表达式。基于种子光栅中心波长对应的折射率调制深度和取样光纤布拉格光栅折射率调制函数的傅里叶级数展开式,提炼出取样光纤布拉格光栅的折射率调制深度和各阶光栅周期,从而导出其反射峰值波长的表达式。由于考虑了占空比、取样周期等取样光纤布拉格光栅的结构参量,因而表达式能够描述反射峰的分布。仿真实验中,不同占空比或取样周期下计算出的反射峰值波长、信道间隔符合数值反射谱。该表达式既适用于均匀取样光纤布拉格光栅,也适用于交流切趾和交直流切趾取样光纤布拉格光栅。     

相移光栅磁场传感方案交叉敏感分析

通过相移光栅的偏振相关损耗(PDL)进行磁场测量是一种较为新颖的磁场测量方法,可用于对脉冲交变强磁场的测量。交叉敏感问题是光纤光栅传感中的关键问题。忽略光栅固有双折射,利用传输矩阵法对磁场传感原理进行了推导与仿真,理论分析了温度、轴向应力和压力等对相移光栅透射窗口的影响,并对相应的PDL峰值变化进行了数值仿真。理论和实验表明,透射窗口峰值的波长随温度和轴向应力呈线性变化,PDL谱线发生横向平移,磁场传感系统不受影响。压力的变化改变了光栅的折射率分布,产生应力双折射,PDL谱线发生不规则变化,对磁场测量结果产生严重影响。     

Dynamic strain monitoring by wavelength locking between two fiber Bragg gratings fiber sensing system

We demonstrated a fiber sensing system using the method of wavelength locking of two identical fibers Bragg gratings (FBG) to interrogate the wavelength shift by directly measuring the intensity of the reflection from the sensing Bragg grating. The light source of the fiber sensing system is an EDFA fiber ring laser pumped by a 980 nm laser diode and a narrow bandwidth fiber Bragg grating for the filter of the ring laser resonator. The wavelength shift is converted to the intensity deviation of the reflection from the sensing FBG under strain variation, and is able to achieve real-time sensing of the dynamic strain sensing in civil engineering. The characteristics and key factors to maintain stability of the dynamic strain sensing system are discussed.     

Fiber Modal Index Measurements Based on Fiber Gratings

A novel method based on fiber gratings for measuring the effective indices of fiber modes is proposed. The effective index difference between the core mode and a cladding mode was obtained by analyzing the interference fringe of a pair of cascaded long-period fiber gratings. In order to extract the core mode index from the measured index difference, an index matching oil immersion method is proposed. By analyzing the interaction between the cladding mode and the oil applied on the cladding surface, the mode order and the effective index of the involved cladding mode might be calculated. Experimental results about the interference fringe shifts induced by the oil index and the oil-applied length are also presented.     

Polymer Optical Fiber Photosensitivities and Highly Tunable Fiber Gratings

In this paper, recent progress in the investigation of photosensitivities of polymer optical fibers and the development of polymer optical fiber grating is reported. Photosensitivities in various polymer fibers, including doped and undoped, multimode and single-mode polymer fibers, have been experimentally characterized and evaluated for fiber grating application. In particular, the wavelength dependence of material absorption and photosensitivity has been found essential to the fabrication of polymer optical fiber grating. Based on the results of photosensitivity research, polymer optical fiber gratings have been successfully fabricated. More importantly, polymer optical fiber grating has been demonstrated highly tunable, with a tuning range more than 70 nm. The unique feature of high tunability in polymer optical fiber grating has great potential in various applications including optical fiber WDM systems and fiber sensor systems. Several important issues that remain to be investigated will also be discussed.     

Ytterbium-doped Y2O3 nanoparticle silica optical fibers for high power fiber lasers with suppressed photodarkening

We report efficient laser demonstration and spectroscopic characteristics of a Yb-doped Y₂O₃ (or Y₃Al₅O₁₂) nanoparticle silica fiber developed by conventional fiber fabrication technique. The spectroscopy study evidences modification in the environment of Yb ions by the Y₂O₃ nanoparticles. As a result, photodarkening induced loss is reduced by 20 times relative to Yb-doped aluminosilicate fibers. The fiber is suitable for power scaling with good laser slope efficiency of 79%.     

Analysis of Longitudinal Mode Suppression in a Fiber Ring Laser Containing Two Optical Filters

We report the results from the characterization and optimization of a stable erbium-doped fiber ring laser that uses two optical filters. The observed laser performance and the measured longitudinal mode patterns are presented. The influence of the combination of the two optical filters on the mode suppression is evaluated. We obtained the matched condition for operation of the optical filters that most improved the laser performance. An estimate of the relative intensity noise due to the introduction of the laser in a communication system is also presented. As a consequence of the mode suppression, a sharp laser linewidth narrowing is con firmed.     

Effects of band mixing on the radiative properties of a quantum well

The effect of band mixing and non-parabolicity on quantum well gain and spontaneous emission is studied using k.p theory. Spectra of gain and spontaneous emission are strongly modified but the relation of maximum gain versus nominal current density is not strongly affected.     

Characterization of Fibers in an Existing Network for High Speed System (10Gb/s or Greater) Compatibility

With OC-192 communications systems being commercially available and higher bit rate systems in development, prudent telecommunications network administrators are testing their installed fibers to determine if they can be successfully used at 10 Gb/s and higher. Together with New Brunswick Telephone (NBTel), the Fiber Optics Group at UNB have tested various installed fibers and cables in the NBTel network for their losses at wavelengths of 1244, 1310, 1550, and 1625 nm, as well as for strain and polarization mode dispersion (PMD). Weather conditions, age, place of installation, and cable types have also been considered. Aging does not seem to affect the performance of the fibers. Although most fibers are high-speed system compatible when looking at attenuation measurements, about 40% of the fibers tested would not meet the 10 Gb/s OC-192 system manufacturer's design guidelines concerning PMD.     

Fiber Bragg grating strain sensor based on fiber laser

A study on fiber Bragg grating (FBG) strain sensor, based on erbium-doped fiber (EDF) laser, is presented. A strain-sensing element, FBG, also acts as the lasing wavelength selecting component. When strain is applied on the FBG, the laser cavity loss changes, leading to a modification of the laser transient. Strain measurements are obtained in the time domain by simply measuring the EDF laser build-up time. Relative variation in the build-up time of up to 190%, for a strain range from 0 με to 2350 με, is achieved with a resolution corresponding to a strain of better than 2.35 με. This study demonstrates a novel fiber sensor concept and the technical feasibility to develop fiber strain measurement.     

克服闭环光纤陀螺输出信号中死区的实验

克服死区是闭环光纤陀螺设计中需要考虑的重要问题.实验表明本文采用的方法可以方便地克服死区.这是国内报道的首例克服闭环光纤陀螺输出信号中死区的实验.     

Advance of optoelectronic devices for long wavelength optical fiber communication in china

The advance of optoelectronic devices for long wavelength optical fiber communication in China is reviewed. The main features of the long wavelength semiconductor lasers and photodetectors are presented.