等离子体电极棚电光开关实验研究

 设计建造了以辉光放电形成的等离子体作电极，通光口径为80mm×80mm的普克尔盒实验，实验检测了它的开关性能。阐述了普克尔盒的结构，辉光放电等离子体电极的形成，开关驱动脉冲的产生及输出特性，电光开关的开关效率和开关速度的检测方法，给出了典型的实验结果。     

等离子体电极电光开关实验研究

设计建造了以辉光放电形成的等离子体作电极，通光口径为８０ｍｍ×８０ｍｍ的普克尔盒实验，实验检测了它的开关性能。阐述了普克尔盒的结构，辉光放电等离子体电极的形成，开关驱动脉冲的产生及输出特性，电光开关的开关效率和开关速度的检测方法，给出了典型的实验结果。     

阳极化膜用于等离子体电光开关放电腔绝缘模拟研究

 壳体金属化是等离子体电光开关实现阵列结构的必须,放电腔的绝缘是壳体金属化的技术关键和难点。分析了等离子体电极电光开关放电腔的主要放电过程和特性;介绍了几种厚度阳极化膜层的击穿电压和用于电光开关放电腔绝缘模拟实验的情况和结果。初步分析了影响阳极化膜用于等离子体电极电光开关放电腔绝缘的主要因素,实验表明60μm厚度的阳极化膜可以满足电光开关放电腔绝缘的实用要求。     

280mm×280mm口径单脉冲过程电光开关

用于高功率惯性约束聚变(ICF)激光驱动器的大口径电光开关均采用等离子体电极泡克耳斯盒。与传统的等离子体电极电光开关原理不同,单脉冲过程驱动电光开关没有独立的大电流等离子体发生单元,而只是通过具有较高幅值的正负开关脉冲完成对大口径电光开关的驱动。介绍单脉冲过程驱动等离子体电极泡克耳斯盒电光开关的设计,并建立280 mm×280 mm口径电光开关实验平台,利用连续激光器测试了电光开关特性,实验测得该电光开关中心处开关效率为99.3%,开关上升时间为90 ns。     

大口径等离子体电极普克尔盒电光开关研究

 设计建造了通光口径为240mm×240mm等离子体电极普克尔盒,在KDP的两侧用磁控阴极放电产生了覆盖全口径的等离子体电极。用仿真线成形,产生了电压幅值10kV,脉冲上升时间50ns,脉宽500ns,顶部电压波动＜±2%的矩形开关脉冲。测得电光开关的光学特性为全口径静态透过率85.8%,静态消光比132,开关效率97.6%,开关上升时间95ns。     

电极构形对形成大面积放电均匀性影响

 设计并制作了空心阴极、钮扣阴极、针阴极和条形阴极，利用CCD照相，在5cm×5cm口径范围内，分别对四种阴极放电的空间均匀性进行了研究。实验表明，在预电离电压800V，主放电电压3kV和气体气压约30Pa的条件下，利用空心阴极放电，能够获得空间较为均匀的放电等离子体。放电等离子体可以用作普克尔盒电光开关的等离子体电极。     

用于多程放大系统光束反转器的等离子体电极电光开关

 等离子体电极电光开关将用在多程放大系统光束反转器中，作为输出控制和抑制主放大前系统内的自激振荡，由于光束反转器空间限制，等离子体电极电光开关采用一体化结构设计。介绍了紧缩型等离子体电极电光开关特性，以及在多程放大系统中的应用。实验结果表明，等离子体电极电光开关具有优良的开关性能，全口径静态透过率为94%，开关效率为989%，能够有效抑制放大器产生的自激振荡。     

大口径单脉冲过程驱动电光开关研究进展

用于ICF研究的大型激光驱动器，为了获得高输出通量，用了大量的大口径光学元件，造价昂贵。因此，避免大口径光学元件受到损坏尤其重要。而等离子体电极普克尔盒电光开关是用晶体两侧稀薄气体放电形成的高电导率透明等离子体作电极，可以用薄晶体做到大口径，并具有低损耗、高空间均匀性、高损伤阈值，目前正在建造的几台大型激光系统都将采用其作为级间隔离和反向激光隔离的光开关。     

单脉冲电光开关击穿时间延迟及抖动的减小方法

减小单脉冲等离子体电极普克尔盒电光开关击穿时间延迟与抖动问题是提高大口径电光开关性能的关键。利用紫外线照射在阴极上的外光电效应,使阴极产生次级电子发射,形成稳定的初始电子流,在高压脉冲作用下普克尔盒内的初始电子产生快速繁流放电,使盒内氦气击穿。实验证明该方法可以减小开关的击穿时间延迟及抖动,使击穿时间延迟平均下降了36%,平均抖动时间下降88%。     

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空气中的大气压辉光放电通常因放电易过渡到火花状态而难以产生。在静态大气压空气针-板等离子体发生器中，采用阻容耦合负反馈方法控制等离子体放电发展过程，成功地抑制了辉光放电向火花放电的过渡，产生了稳定的交流辉光放电。研究了电压、电极间距等参数变化对放电的影响。     

Electric ignition energy evaluation and the energy distribution structure of energy released in electrostatic discharge process

Ignition energy is one of the important parameters of flammable materials, and evaluating ignition energy precisely is essential to the safety of process industry and combustion science and technology. By using electric spark discharge test system, a series of electric spark discharge experiments were conducted with the capacitor-stored energy in the range of 10 J, 100 J, and 1000 J, respectively. The evaluation method for energy consumed by electric spark, wire, and switch during capacitor discharge process has been studied respectively. The resistance of wire, switch, and plasma between electrodes has been evaluated by different methods and an optimized evaluation method has been obtained. The electric energy consumed by wire, electric switch, and electric spark-induced plasma between electrodes were obtained and the energy structure of capacitor-released energy was analyzed. The dynamic process and the characteristic parameters(the maximum power, duration of discharge process) of electric spark discharge process have been analyzed. Experimental results showed that, electric spark-consumed energy only accounts for 8%–14% of the capacitor-released energy. With the increase of capacitor-released energy, the duration of discharge process becomes longer, and the energy of plasma accounts for more in the capacitor-released energy. The power of electric spark varies with time as a damped sinusoids function and the period and the maximum value increase with the capacitor-released energy.     

畴反转结构片状集成4×4电光开关的设计与仿真

基于铁电体畴反转结构的电光偏转特性,设计了一种片状集成的4×4电光开关,其由四个结构相同的半抛物和四个抛物形微小偏转器集成构成.通过优化抛物形偏转器结构,给出了电光开关的设计参量,电光开关性能通过光束传播法进行仿真模拟,仿真结果表明该开关切实可行.实际应用中,系统误差可以通过电场调节补偿,使光路准确交换.该片状电光开关的整体尺寸为48 mm×2.2mm×0.5 mm(长×宽×高),最大使用电场约13.73 V/μm,适用于高速交换的光互连系统.     

Silicon carbide as electrode material of a pseudospark switch

Through the last years, the pseudospark switch, a low-pressure gas discharge switch with hollow cathode geometry, became established as a promising element of pulsed power technology and a serious alternative to other high-power switches. The use of a novel electrode material silicon carbide yields performance improvements in two main areas. Quenching phenomena, a long-standing problem for several applications, are suppressed completely and the switch lifetime can be distinctly increased, approaching that of thyratrons for operation with high repetition rate. As a crow-bar switch, the lifetime is nearby unlimited due to cold electrode usage. Spatial and temporal resolved spectroscopy revealed new insight into the extraordinary discharge behavior of silicon carbide electrodes. The radial plasma expansion from the central bore hole to the outer electrode regions, forming vesicular shells of different ionization stages of Si and C, are described in detail. The remaining problem, a significant loss of deuterium gas during discharge, has been long-term tested and is assumed to be the outcome of absorption in the silicon carbide electrodes. An envisaged promising remedy is presented     

大气压下绝缘毛细管内等离子体放电及其特性研究

在石英毛细管内利用两个边缘锋利的中空针型电极间的放电形成了63 cm长的大气压弧光等离子体.通过记录放电图片和测量电流-电压特征波形及伏安特性曲线的方法对管内等离子体从反常辉光状态过渡至超长弧光状态的过程做了细致的研究,发现管内等离子体在弧光状态下的电子密度不低于10¹⁴ cm^-3.另外,还进一步考察了两电极的间距和电源工作频率对放电伏安特性的影响以及通过发射光谱法测得的等离子体气体温度随外加电压的变化规律.当活性气体(氧气)按一定比例混合到氩等离子体中时,通过 关键词： 大气压等离子体 反常辉光放电 弧光放电 发射光谱     

Thin-film deposition by combining plasma jet with spark discharge source at atmospheric pressure

This study demonstrates a method for the deposition of CuO_x thin films by combining atmospheric pressure plasma jet with spark discharge. In this type of discharge source, the bulk copper material of spark discharge electrodes plays the role of a precursor. Copper atoms and particles go through the physical processes of sputtering, evaporation, and further agglomeration and condensation in the plasma jet and on the substrate. The experiments were carried out with and without a combination of discharges. The material coated on the substrate was studied using a scanning electron microscope, Raman spectroscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The characteristics of the set-up and plasma, such as I-V curves, optical emission spectra, and substrate temperature, were also measured. Copper electrodes were examined for erosion by a scanning electron microscope. The results demonstrate that deposits coated by combined discharge show denser and thicker films.     

中等pd值介质阻挡放电的空间均匀性

使用双液体电极介质阻挡放电装置，在中等pd值下获得了具有高空间均匀性的等离子体。采用时空分辨测量方法研究了放电的光电特性。结果表明，具有高空间均匀性的等离子体能在很大的电压范围内维持，相应的输入功率也在一个很大范围内变化。讨论了壁电荷对放电功率和空间均匀性的影响。     

一种基于光纤阵列的高速电光开关系统

提出了一种基于光纤阵列的新型电光开关,设计了高速电光选通电路.经实验测得,高压选通电路可获得电压幅度6 000 V可调,前、后沿小于30 ns,触发晃动小于1 ns,脉冲宽度为100 ns可调的高压矩形脉冲.用小口径电光晶体实现了大的通光口径、快的开关速度的惯性约束核聚变驱动系统光开关.选出了在100 ns标称开关速度内所关心的光信息,满足了惯性约束核聚变驱动系统中大的通光口径和均匀性的要求.     

Parameters of free-burning arc discharge plasma in air with silver-based electrodes

We have used optical spectroscopy to study the radial temperature profiles for an electric arc plasma between silver electrodes and electrodes made from composite materials based on silver (Ag-CdO). We studied the structural changes in the working layers of the electrodes by metallography. We established that the parameters of the arc discharge plasma are determined by the condition of the electrode surface. __________ Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 73, No. 3, pp. 375–379, May–June, 2006.     

脉冲等离子体推力器等离子体羽流的光谱研究

脉冲等离子体推力器(pulsed plasma thruster, PPT)具有体积小、重量轻、比冲高等优点,特别适合作为执行微小卫星轨道转移、阻力补偿和姿态控制等任务的推进系统。为了深入理解PPT推力产生的机理,本文对采用具有张角的舌型极板的尾部馈送式PPT等离子体羽流开展了时空分辨光谱诊断研究。通过对光谱数据的分析发现： 等离子体羽流的主要成分为C,F,C+,F+,C2+,还含有少量的由于极板烧蚀产生的Cu+和Cu2+;等离子体在放电通道内的分布不均匀,通道中心的等离子体浓度最大,靠近阳极板的等离子浓度要明显大于靠近阴极板的等离子体浓度;在不同位置处等离子体成分也具有较大差别,F+和中性粒子主要分布在靠近阳极侧的区域;通过对各个分立谱线进行多普勒线性拟合,得到了放电通道内等离子体温度信息;以中轴线靠近工质的观测点为例,对该点在整个放电过程中不同时刻的谱线进行分析,得到了该点等离子体的具体演化过程,发现在放电的不同阶段羽流成分及各组分所占比例差别较大。