成都市农业土壤重金属污染特征初步研究

对成都市农业土壤中七种重金属元素Pb、Hg、Cr、As、Cu、Zn和Cd进行了测定和研究,并进行了潜在生态风险评价。结果表明,成都市农业土壤重金属元素含量分别为:Pb 77.27mg/kg,Hg 0.31 mg/kg,Cr 59.50 mg/kg,As 11.27 mg/kg,Cu 42.52 mg/kg,Zn 227.00 mg/kg,Cd0.36 mg/kg;重金属潜在的生态危害因子表明,Hg和Cd达到中等生态危害程度,Pb、As、Cu、Zn、Cr达到轻微生态危害;多种重金属的生态系统的潜在生态风险指数(RI)表明,成都市农业土壤生态危害级别为中等生态危害。     

万宁小海表层沉积物中重金属物质的空间分布特征及生态风险分析

为了解万宁小海海域表层沉积物重金属污染状况,2020年5月在小海潟湖采集18个沉积物样品,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法（ICP-MS）同时测定5种重金属含量,采用原子荧光光度计测定总汞和砷,并分析归纳出重金属分布特征。采用Hakanson的潜在生态风险指数法识别小海表层沉积物潜在生态风险程度,以及运用富集系数和地累积法进一步评价小海表层沉积物重金属的污染程度。结果表明：Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Cr、Hg和As含量平均值分别为7.26 mg/kg、27.08 mg/kg、75.06 mg/kg、0.16 mg/kg、38.43 mg/kg、0.054 mg/kg、4.66 mg/kg,均符合第一类海洋沉积物质量标准。7种元素的潜在生态风险程度依序为Hg＞Cd＞Pb＞As＞Cu＞Cr＞Zn,其中Hg和Cd为主要潜在生态危害因子,其综合潜在生态风险等级已达到中等级风险;富集系数评价和地质累积系数评价污染程度依次为：Cd＞Hg＞Pb＞Zn＞Cr＞As＞Cu;表层沉积物中TOC 含量与 Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd 和 Cr 含量具存在显著正相关,与粒度呈一定的负相关。     

云当归与土壤中微量元素的测定及其相关性分析

采用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱(ICP-AES)法对云当归以及土壤中11种微量元素进行了分析.结果显示,土壤中微量元素的含量依次为Zn＞Cu＞Pb＞Fe＞Mg＞Mn＞Ni＞Cr＞ Cd＞ As＞ Hg;云当归中Mg、Fe、Mn、Zn中含量较高,而As、Cd、Cu、Pb、Hg等元素中含量相对较低,均低于药典标准.土壤中As与Cr、Pb与Zn存在极显著正相关(r=0.785,0.808);Mn与Cr存在极显著负相关(r=-0.733),As与Cu存在显著负相关(r=-0.631).云当归中Fe与Ni极显著正相关(r=0.731),Cd与Cu极显著负相关(r＝-0.714);Zn与Hg显著相关(r=0.655),Ni与As、Fe与Pb、Fe与Cd显著负相关(r=-0.658,-0.637,-0.673).云当归与土壤中的As存在显著相关(r=0.707).     

电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定地龙药材中铅、砷、汞、镉、铜元素的残留量

建立电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)测定不同产地和批次地龙药材中铅(Pb)、砷(As)、汞(Hg)、镉(Cd)、铜(Cu)5种重金属元素的含量.采用微波消解进行样品前处理,结果表明:5种重金属元素的线性关系良好(r≥0.999 6),平均回收率在92.8%~95.2%范围内,方法的检出限在0.001 0~0.092 mg/kg范围内.方法灵敏度高,重复性好,方法准确.不同产地和批次的样品中5种重金属元素均有检出.地龙药材中Pb、As、Hg、Cd、Cu这5种重金属元素需要重点监控.     

三种消解方法在测定近海沉积物中Pb、 Cu、 Cd、 Hg及As的应用

常压湿式消解、高压微波消解、常压微波消解3种方法被应用于近海沉积物中Pb、 Cu、 Cd、 Hg、 As 5种重金属元素的分析. 以近海海洋沉积物标准物质为样品经3种方法消解后, 通过石墨炉原子吸收法测定Pb、 Cu、 Cd和氢化物发生原子荧光法同时测定Hg、 As. 结果表明, 样品经常压湿式消解, 其Pb、 Cu、 Cd回收率在80%～123%内而Hg、 As回收率低;经高压微波消解, 标样中Pb、 Cu、 Cd、 As回收率在84%～117%内, 对Hg测定回收率偏低;常压微波消解更适合于Cu、 Cd、 Hg、 As的消解, 其回收率在95%～121%之间而Pb回收率低于42.4%. 常压湿式消解与常压微波消解被用于大亚湾人工渔礁区沉积物样品的处理, 有较好的测定结果.     

ICP—OES测定饰品中砷、镉、汞、铅总量的不确定度评定

在用ICP-OES检测重金属含量过程中,含量在仪器检出限以上的得出正值结果,在仪器检出限以下的往往会产生一些负值观测结果,对饰品中铅、镉、汞、砷总量测定过程产生的正值、负值观测结果（As：-9mg／kg;Cd：46mg／kg;Hg：-4mg／kg;Pb：81mg／kg）进行了不确定度评定,最后结合样品检出限给出报告为As：小于37mg／kg;Hg：小于48mg／kg;Cd：（46±4）mg／kg（k=2）;Pb：（81±8）mg／kg（k=2）。     

耐高盐碱蓬对湿地土壤中金属元素的富集特征研究

基于秦皇岛滨海湿地人工种植耐高盐碱蓬修复工程试验,通过分析湿地土壤沉积物及耐高盐碱蓬中不同金属元素的含量与变化,研究了耐高盐碱蓬对金属元素的富集特征。结果显示:湿地沉积物中Fe、Mn、Cr、Pb和Zn的浓度较高,分别为8 210. 94、110. 04、8. 78、8. 25、10. 95 mg/kg,Cd的浓度最低,平均值为0. 022 mg/kg,湿地试验区土壤中同一金属元素变异程度较小,分布较均匀。碱蓬体内重金属含量根据采集地点的不同有差异,但与各站位中土壤的重金属分布特征存在正相关性;其中碱蓬内Fe、Mn、Zn、Cu的平均含量相对较高,且Fe、Mn、Ni、Cu、As、Cd、Pb元素在碱蓬根中的平均含量高于茎叶,而Cr在茎中的平均含量最高,Zn和Mo在叶中的含量最高。碱蓬的根、茎、叶对Cd的富集效果最好,其次为Mo、Cu,对Fe、Mn、Zn、As和Pb的富集效果相对较差,说明碱蓬对沉积物中不同金属元素的富集移出率存在差异。金属元素在碱蓬中的转移系数研究表明,Mo、Zn、Cd和Mn等元素可由根部转移到叶中,而Fe、Ni、Pb、As和Cu等金属元素固定在根部,该研究可为利用碱蓬修复湿地重金属污染提供理论基础。     

湘潭市土壤重金属地球化学特征的统计分析

运用相关性分析、聚类分析、因子分析及直方图分析对湘潭市土壤重金属地球化学特征进行了研究。结果表明：（1）As、Cd、Cu、zn与pH值呈显著正相关;As与Cd、Cu、Ph、zn呈显著正相关;Cd与As、Cu、Pb呈显著正相关;Cu与As、Cd、Pb、Zn呈显著正相关;Pb与As、Cu、zn呈显著正相关;Zn与As、Cd、Cu、Pb呈显著正相关;Hg与其他重金属及pH值不具有显著相关关系。（2）本区重金属分为两类,即Cr、pH、As、Zn、Cu、Cd;Hg、Pb。（3）区内重金属存在3种主要元素组合即As—Cd—Cu—Pb—Zn—pH;Cr—Hg;Cd—pH;（4）区内重金属As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Hg、Zn服从正态分布。（5）通过前人对湘潭市土壤重金属进行生态地球化学评价可知,区内Cd、Hg属重污染,从统计分析结果来看,Cd随着本区pH值变化而变化,并与As、Cu、Pb相关性显著;而Hg与pH值及其它重金属之间没有必然联系。     

ML-7对动脉粥样硬化兔肝脏微量元素含量的影响

探讨实验性动脉粥样硬化兔肝脏组织中Zn、Fe、Cu、Mn、Cr、Pb、Cd和Se含量的变化。高脂饮食复制兔动脉粥样硬化模型,然后给予ML-7建立治疗组模型,获取肝脏,微波消解样品,采用原子吸收光谱法测定肝脏组织中Zn、Fe、Cu、Mn、Cr、Pb和Cd的含量。原子荧光光谱法测定肝脏组织中Se的含量。高脂组肝脏组织Zn、Fe、Cu、Mn、Cr、Pb、Cd和Se含量分别为86.09、277.1、11.07、5.366 mg/kg、115.2、286.0、210.5μg/kg,2.139 mg/kg,治疗组肝脏组织Zn、Fe、Cu、Mn、Cr、Pb、Cd和Se含量分别为82.10、273.5、9.072、5.824 mg/kg、102.5、273.6、224.6μg/kg,2.511 mg/kg。经过ML-7治疗后,Zn/Cu、Mn、Se含量升高,Cu含量下降,Fe、Cr、Pb和Cd基本不变。     

微波消解-高分辨连续光源原子吸收光谱法测定锁阳和韭菜籽中的重金属元素含量

利用微波消解-高分辨连续光源原子吸收光谱法测定锁阳、韭菜籽两种中药材中铜(Cu)、铅(Pb)、镉(Cd)、铬(Cr)、砷(As)和汞(Hg)的含量.采用微波消解进行样品前处理,火焰原子吸收法测定其中的Cu含量,石墨炉原子吸收法测定Pb、Cd和Cr含量,氢化物发生原子吸收法测定As、Hg含量.方法线性关系良好,相关系数R^2大于0.999,加标回收率为95.61%~100.1%,RSD为0.8%~3.3%,测得锁阳和韭菜籽中Cu、Pb、Cd、Cr、As和Hg的含量值均低于《药用植物及制剂进口绿色行业标准》和食品安全国家标准《食品中污染物限量》(GB2762-2012)中规定的限量指标.方法分析速率快、干扰少、精密度高,适用于中药材中重金属含量的测定.     

仿生提取-电感耦合等离子体-质谱法测定柏子养心片中可溶性重金属

国家食品药品监督管理总局的2014年国家药品抽验计划将柏子养心片定为抽验品种,本实验利用人工胃液仿生提取样品可溶性重金属,通过微波消解技术对提取液进行消解处理,建立了仿生提取-ICP-MS法测定18批柏子养心片中 Co, Cr, Cu, Ba, Cd, Mn, Ni, Pb, Hg, Sr, Zn 11种可溶性重金属的含量的分析方法。本方法各元素标准系列线性回归方程的相关系数为0.9989~1.0000,检出限为0.19~5.6μg/ L,方法的重复性 RSD 值均小于6.2%,精密度的 RSD 值均小于5.6%,加标回收率在87.7%~101.9%之间,满足检测要求。参照《药用植物及制剂进出口绿色行业标准》规定的重金属限量标准,18批样品中 Pb, Cd, Cu 均未超过标准,Hg 含量平均值为7.68 mg/ kg,超过标准值。仿生提取-ICP-MS 法的建立为柏子养心片的安全性研究提供参考依据。     

Assessing spatial distribution,sources, and potential ecological risk of heavy metals in surface sediments of the Nansi Lake,Eastern China

The study is conducted to investigate the spatial distribution, sources and ecological risk of seven heavy metals in surface sediments of Nansi Lake, Eastern China. A total of 29 samples were collected in surface sediments of Nansi Lake, and were analyzed for three nutrients (TN, TOC and TP), two major metals (Al and Fe), as well as seven trace metals (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Pb and Zn). The mean concentrations of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Pb, Zn, Fe and Al were 14.41, 0.22, 71.10, 30.1, 0.048, 29.14, 90.2, 30,816 and 70,653 mg kg^?1, respectively, and the mean contents of these metals were higher than the background values with the exception of Cu and Fe. The spatial distribution indicated that the contents of all seven heavy metals were characterized by relatively higher contents in the upper lake than the lower lake. The hotspots with high values of As, Cd and Hg were associated with the river mouths, and the hotspots of Pb were mainly located around the dam in the central part, while no significant associations were displayed between spatial distribution of Cr, Cu, Zn and the river mouths. The mean enrichment factor (EF) values of As, Cd, Hg and Pb were 2.03, 2.93, 3.21 and 2.18, respectively, showing their moderate enrichment, while Cr, Cu and Zn with mean EF values of 1.19, 0.89 and 1.01 were deficiency to minimal enrichment. Multivariate and geostatistical analyses suggested that PC1 controlled by Cr, Cu and Zn was a lithogenic component, and come from parent rocks leaching. PC2 including Cd and partially Hg represented the factor from industrial wastewater discharge. PC3 showed elevated loadings of As and partially Cd, and could be attributed to the agricultural practices. While PC4 including Pb and partially Hg, was dominated by coal combustion. The results of potential ecological risk suggested that sediment environment of Nansi Lake suffered from high ecological risk.     

Determination of Essential and Toxic Elements in Vegetables from South Korea

This study reports the determination of trace essential (Co, Cr, Cu, Se, and Zn) and toxic (Al, As, Cd, Hg, and Pb) elements in greenhouse tomatoes, peppers, and cucumbers from supermarkets of Seoul, Busan, Gangneung, Daegu, Daejeon, and Gwangju, South Korea using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy, and direct mercury analysis. The methods were validated by linearity, limits of detection and quantification, precision, accuracy, and recovery measurements that provided satisfactory results in all cases. Among the essential trace elements, Zn was found to have the highest concentrations (0.84–2.5?mg/kg) followed by Cu (0.21–0.62?mg/kg) and Cr (0.01–0.06?mg/kg). The mean concentrations (mg/kg) of the toxic elements were in the order Al?>?Pb?>?As?>?Cd?>?Hg for tomatoes and cucumbers and Al?>?Pb?>?Cd?>?As?>?Hg for peppers; all were below the permissible limits set by World Health Organization for human consumption. The estimated dietary intake, target hazard quotients (THQs), and hazard indices of the samples were within safe levels. The combined THQ values for the toxic elements in the vegetables were from 0.002 to 0.012 with significant contribution from arsenic, aluminum, cadmium, and mercury. The results of this study show that trace and toxic elements in the analyzed vegetables do not impose any serious health harmful effects for the population upon consumption.     

黔产市售绿茶重金属的含量特征及健康风险评估

为研究黔产市售绿茶中重金属的含量分布特征及健康风险,以五个生产加工地的黔产市售绿茶为研究对象,分析其9种重金属(Pb、Cr、Cd、Hg、Cu、Zn、Mn、Ni和As)含量,利用美国环境保护署(USEPA)推荐的健康风险评价模型进行人体重金属的健康风险评价。结果表明,五种茶叶中Cr、Cd、Pb、Hg、Cu和As含量均低于国家限量标准。黔产市售绿茶的重金属浸出率大小次序为Zn>Mn>Hg>As>Cd>Pb>Cr>Cu>Ni。健康风险评价结果表明,五个产地的绿茶中重金属通过饮茶途径所产生的健康危害个人年风险大小次序为Cd>As>Mn>Ni>Cr>Hg>Pb>Zn>Cu,茶叶中重金属通过饮茶途径所产生的个人健康危害年风险总和为4.33×10-6~5.73×10-6 a-1,均低于USEPA和ICRP推荐的最大可接受风险水平,表明重金属引起的健康危害极小,其对暴露人群造成的健康危害可忽略不计,绿茶中重金属均处于安全范围内。     

Phenolic compounds,antioxidant activity and Cu,Zn, Cd and Pb content in wild and cultivated cranberries and blueberries

The aim of this study was to determine the content of Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb and the total polyphenol (TP) content as well as the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in wild cranberries and blueberries collected from different localities of the Slovakia and to compare them with properties of six cranberry and six highbush blueberry cultivars obtained from the research centre. Compared with cultivated cranberries (Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb content: 0.642, 1.496, 0.015 and 0.050 mg/kg FM) in wild fruits, higher Cu (by 37%) and lower Zn, Cd and Pb (by 8%, 7% and 44% respectively) were determined using atomic absorption spectrometry method. In wild blueberries, higher Cu, Zn and Pb (by 16%, 209% and 80% respectively) and similar Cd contents were determined compared with cultivated fruits (Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb content: 0.483, 0.541, 0.003 and 0.055 mg/kg FM). The TP contents estimated by spectrophotometry using Folin–Ciocalteau reagent were in intervals 1405–3161 (cranberries) and 1300–3077 (blueberries) expressed as mg GAE/kg FM. While the average TP content determined in wild cranberries was by 31% lower than that in cultivated cranberries, in wild blueberries it was by 97% higher compared with highbush blueberry cultivars. The values of TAC determined by spectrophotometry method using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl were in range 20.67–22.22 (cranberries) and 14.03–24.79 (blueberries) expressed as mmol TE/kg FM. In wild cranberries and blueberries, the lower average TAC values compared with cultivated berries were determined (by 1% and 28%, respectively).     

Contents of heavy metals in lotus seed from REEs mining area

At rare earth mining area, the pollution of heavy metals has been paid little attention. In lotus seeds and soil samples sampled from a typical rare earth elements mining area were detected the contents of eight kinds of heavy metals (Cr, Mn, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Hg and Pb) to investigate the pollution from rare earth elements mining by ICP-MS (Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry). The results showed that the contents of the heavy metals Cr, Mn, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Hg and Pb in lotus seeds were 0.25, 86.94, 8.32, 19.76, 0.13, 0.08, 0.01, and 0.20 μg/g in lotus seeds, respectively, and corresponding contents in soil were 27.68, 168.71, 20.23, 47.16, 1.83, 0.13, 0.04, and 23.15 μg/g. These data showed that the contents of heavy metals in lotus seeds from REEs mining area are no higher than reference area and meet national food safety standards of China.