双显色双波长分光光度法测定稀土的研究——镧与钇、总稀土与钇的同时测定

本文将双显色双波长分光光度用于稀土多元素同时分析,以铬天青S-二甲酚橙体系测定镧与钇,以偶氮肿Ⅲ-偶氮氯膦-mA体系测定非钇稀土合量与钇。     

钛及钛合金中钇的AAS法测定

钛及钛合金中杂质钇量的测定,有采用PMBP苯萃取偶氮胂Ⅲ比色法、离子交换分离分光光度法等,其结果都是以钇为代表的稀土总量,不能满足单一稀土钇量测定的要求。ICP原子发射光谱可测得单一钇量,但需分离后采用昂贵的ICP 发射光谱仪。本文采用氢氟酸溶样后,用氟化钙沉积钇,使基体钛和其存元素得到分离,钇得到富集,达到火焰原子吸收法(火焰AAS法)测定钇的灵敏度,用氧化二氮-     

分光光度法测定稀土-镁合金中的钇

测定镁合金中低钇含量的方法国内已有报道,但合金中存在锆等成分时,测定高含量钇时如何提高灵敏度的报道不多。本工作研究了在弱酸性介质中,偶氮氯磷Ⅲ与钇生成稳定的β-型配合物,而且与其它稀土不同,该配合物在740nm处有最大吸收峰,以柠檬酸为掩蔽剂,可在镁、铜、锆、锌和其它稀土存在的条件下测定样品中的钇含量。工作曲线:研究了钇和钇加底液(MB_8镁合金)两条工作曲线,结果表明,(1)钇在30—80μg范围内符合比尔定律;(2)加底液与不加底液的工作曲线基本一致。因此标准曲线的绘制,可以不加底液。掩蔽剂用量:实验中加入15μg轻稀土,30μg锆,100μg铜,20％柠檬酸加入范围在8—12ml时,配合物吸光度保持一致。共存离子的影响及其消除:在含30μg钇的样品中,如下离子(以μg计其最大含量)不干扰钇的测定:     

强制流动液相色谱分离-分光光度测定合金钢和高温合金中痕量稀土、钇和锆

稀土和钇等元素对高温合金的性能有良好的改善,检测高温合金中痕量稀土和钇是很有实际意义的。目前用分光光度法测定成份复杂合金中稀土和钇时,缺乏灵敏度高、选择性好的显色剂。因此,在测定前需要进行分离。本文探讨了用强制流动液相色谱进行离子交换,盐酸-乙醇作淋洗剂,使稀土、钇、锆与高温合金中其他元素分离,在所拟定的条件下还可使样品中钇与少量稀土相分离。实验方法     

关于偶氮胂Ⅲ光度法测定矿石中稀土总量的标准问题

偶氮胂Ⅲ光度法测定低量稀土总量,已被广泛应用。但由于偶氮胂Ⅲ与各个稀土元素形成的络合物的克分子吸收系数不同,特别是钇与镧系元素的差别较大,本试验亦证实如此。因此,测定矿石中稀土总量标准的采用,一般都是从所分析的矿石中提取混合稀土氧化物,或按矿区稀土元素比例取镧、铈、钇氧化物配制。这在实际工作中增加了很多困难和不便。因而寻找一个能适用于各地区矿石中稀土     

ICP—MS测定高纯钪,钇,钬,铥和镥氧化物中痕量稀土杂质研究

研究了用电感合等离子体质谱测定高纯钪、钇、钬、铥和镥氧化物中痕量稀土杂质的方法，用内标法有效地校正了基体抑制效应，改善了精密度。与ＩＣＰ－ＡＥＳ分析相比，本法具有灵敏度高、流程简单快速、耗样少等特点，测定下限可降低１－２个数量组。方法可用于９９．９９９％的高纯稀土的分析。     

空气—乙炔焰中钇对镱的增感效应及其分析应用

研究了在盐酸介质中钕，钇，镧，铕，以及高氯酸介质中钇对空气－乙炔火焰原子吸收光谱法测定镱的增感效应，建立了钇作增感剂和干扰抑制剂，直接测定富钇混合稀土浓集物与氧化钇粗产品中镱的新方法。     

稀土硫氰酸盐磷酸三丁酯体系的萃取热力学函数的递变规律

稀土硫氰酸盐磷酸三丁酯萃取体系已有不少人作过研究,但由于相邻稀土的分离因数较小,未能获得广泛应用。在前期的实验工作中,我们在用硫氰酸铵溶液洗提磷酸三丁酯萃取色谱柱上的稀土元素时,曾注意到钇最先自柱中流出,并实现了钇和其它稀土元素的定量分离。在众多的稀土分离体系中,钇的分配比或保留值小于其它稀土元素的情况并不多见。这类     

分光光度法快速、同时测定钇和稀土总量

本文利用钇和镧系元素原子量的不同反映在作用后的显色剂吸光度的差异;推导出测定混合稀土中钇含量的计算公式;选择了能反映这一差异的对碘偶氮氯膦为显色剂并进行了条件实验;提出了同时测定钇和稀土总量快速,简便的分光光度方法。应用于混合稀土氧化物、铝稀土合金及镁合金等样品,得到较为满意的结果。     

空气－乙炔焰中钇对镱的增感效应及其分析应用

研究了在盐酸介质中铁、钇、镧、铕，以及高氯酸介质中钇对空气乙炔火焰原子吸收光谱法测定镱的增感效应，建立了钇作增感剂和干扰抑制剂，直接测定富钇混合稀土浓集物与氧化钇粗产品中镱的新方法。     

钇对苯甲酸芳香体系的效应钇在镧系元素中的位置

钇对苯甲酸芳香体系的效应加以研究并与碱和碱土金属以及若干过渡金属和有毒的重金属的效应相比较。钇与镧系元素相似,具有稳定苯甲酸体系的效应。芳香体系的微扰作用随着金属离子势的减小而增大。红外谱带强度的详细分析表示钇的位置是在铒与铥之间。芳香环谱带的相对强度和频率对于镧系元素原子序数的依赖关系表明双-双效应的存在。     

钇对苯甲酸芳香体系的效应钇在镧系元素中的位置

钇对苯甲酸芳香体系的效应加以研究并与碱和碱土金属以及若干过渡金属和有毒的重金属的效应相比较。钇与镧系元素相似,具有稳定苯甲酸体系的效应。芳香体系的微扰作用随着金属离子势的减小而增大。红外谱带强度的详细分析表示钇的位置是在铒与铥之间。芳香环谱带的相对强度和频率对于镧系元素原子序数的依赖关系表明双-双效应的存在。     

Determination of lanthanides and yttrium in rocks and minerals by atomic-absorption and flame-emission spectrometry

The sensitivity of atomic-absorption and flame-emission determination of lanthanides and yttrium is improved by a factor of 2-5 when an absolute ethanol solution of the perchlorate of the metal (instead of an aqueous solution) is aspirated into a nitrous oxide-acetylene flame. Based on this, a method has been developed for accurate determination of small amounts of certain rare earths and yttrium. Lanthanum (1%) is used as a spectroscopic buffer to eliminate interferences and to enhance the sensitivities in certain determinations. Where the use of lanthanum is not practicable because of interferences (such as in the determination of praseodymium and samarium by flame emission), sodium (2000 ppm) is used as the spectroscopic buffer. Studies with synthetic solutions indicate that yttrium and most lanthanides can be directly determined in minerals without any chemical separation. With rock samples it is necessary to preconcentrate the traces of the rare earths by fluoride or oxalate precipitation with calcium as the carrier, followed by removal of calcium by hydroxide precipitation using mg amounts of iron as the carrier. The method developed has been applied to the determination of certain lanthanides and yttrium in a variety of rocks, including the Canadian reference rocks, syenites SY-1, SY-2 and SY-3, and some minerals such as britholite, cenosite, chevkinite, allanite, apatite and sphene.     

混合物中稀土元素的NMR法测定

核磁共振检测混合物中的共存金属是新近发展起来的无机分析方法。Fedorov以EDTA和NTA为配体,通过观察络合物Ln(EDTA)和Ln(NTA)_2配体的~1H NMR谱线,率先开展了水溶液中共存稀土元素的同时间接测定研究,这种方法比分别直接检测各稀土核磁核共振信号的方法实用可靠,且方便易行。但采用~1H NMR谱检测水溶液中顺磁稀土离子时,强的溶剂水峰易掩蔽近邻的稀土配合物谱线;某些重稀土配合物的~1H谱线宽,相互重叠,难以用作分     

Selective determination of yttrium in geological materials by ion-interaction chromatography

Selective separation and determination of yttrium in rare earth ores have been achieved by high performance ion-interaction chromatography. Ores are decomposed by sulfuric acid and the rare earths are precipitated in a group as oxalates. Yttrium is then separated from the other rare earths on a C-18 bonded phase silica column modified with 1-octanesulfonate by linear concentration gradient elution for 20 min with 0.15 to 0.40M glycolic acid(pH 3.5). Yttrium elutes at about 10 min between samarium and neodymium, being separated selectively from all the rare earths as well as scandium, thorium and uranium. Post-column reaction detection and quantitation with Arsenazo III [2,7-bis(2-arsonophenylazo)-1,8-dihydroxynaphthalene-3,6-disulfonic acid] are carried out at 650 nm. Quantitative results are quoted for yttrium in sophisticated, synthetic rare earth mixtures, monazite and xenotime.     

The determination of rare earths in yttrium oxide by means of a preconcentration technique and Ge(Li) gamma-spectrometry

Before preconcentration the yttrium matrix is separated from the lanthanides by means of cation- and/or anion-exchange. The rare earth elements are then concentrated by coprecipitation with 5.0 mg of iron as Fe(OH) in quartz centrifuge tubes. The dehydrated Fe-REE mixture is then irradiated and counted, without any further major manipulations, by means of Ge(Li) gamma-spectrometry, the⁵⁹Fe activity acting as a f' x monitor and as an internal standard.     

DCP-AES测定氧化钇铕共沉物中稀土杂质

采用直流离子体发射光谱法测定氧化钇铕共沉物中稀土杂质的方法,考察了铕含量的变化对杂质测定的影响。确定了合适的分析谱线和最佳的工作条件。方法简单而快速,结果满意。     

1-苯基-3-甲基-七氟丁酰吡唑酮-5(PMHFP)及邻菲咯啉(phen)希土混配配合物的合成及性质研究

本文在乙醇中合成了PMHFP及phen与希土离子的三元配合物Ln(PMHFP)_3·phen(Ln=La,Ce,Pr,Nd,Sm,Eu,Gd,Tb,Dy,Ho,Er,Tm,Yb,Lu,Y).通过化学分析,元素分析及电导分析确定了配合物的组成;研究了配合物的紫外、红光光谱;借助于差热-热重分析仪研究了所有配合物的挥发性质,测定了它们各自的起始挥发温度,探讨了用于希土分析的可能性.     

1-苯基-3-甲基-七氟丁酰吡唑酮-5(PMHFP)及邻菲咯啉(phen)希土混配配合物的合成及性质研究

本文在乙醇中合成了PMHFP及phen与希土离子的三元配合物Ln(PMHFP)₃·phen(Ln=La,Ce,Pr,Nd,Sm,Eu,Gd,Tb,Dy,Ho,Er,Tm,Yb,Lu,Y).通过化学分析,元素分析及电导分析确定了配合物的组成;研究了配合物的紫外、红光光谱;借助于差热-热重分析仪研究了所有配合物的挥发性质,测定了它们各自的起始挥发温度,探讨了用于希土分析的可能性.     

Determination of Rare Earth Elements in Garnet Minerals,Geological Materials by Inductively Coupled Plasma–Atomic Emission Spectral and Mass Spectral Analysis

Abstract

The performance of inductively coupled plasma–atomic emission spectrometry (ICP‐AES) for the determination of 14 lanthanides and Yttrium was evaluated by comparison with inductively coupled plasma–mass spectral (ICP‐MS) analysis. The geochemical reference samples (GRS), DNC‐1(diabase), AGV‐1(andesite), Sy‐2(syenite), MRG‐1(gabbro), AN‐G(anorthosite), AC‐E(granite), and MAG‐1(marine mud) were chosen as test materials and analyzed for checking the precision and reproducibility of the methods. The mineral garnet is separated from the black sands of the southwest coast of India, and the combined cation exchange–ICP method of AES analysis and MS analysis were carried out for the determination of rare earth elements. Both techniques are within the requirements needed for garnet minerals. The determination of rare‐earth elements in these minerals, which contain other elements as major contribution and trace distribution of rare‐earth elements, shows that ICP applied under the proper working condition lives up to the expectations. Major element analysis gives the formula of garnet of Manavalakurichi (MK) as (FeCaMg)_2.79Al_2.07Si_3.05O₁₂ approximated to Fe₃Al₂Si₃O₁₂, hence of almandine-type garnet. The enrichment of heavy lanthanides compared to the light lanthanides indicates that these lanthanides occupy the coordinaton site of Fe²⁺ by replacement. Both techniques are excellent in determining the very low concentration of lanthanides in geological materials, specifically garnet.