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1.
Bi4V2O11 exists in three phases viz. α, β, and γ. High temperature γ-phase can be stabilized to room temperature owing to its higher
conductivity by the partial substitution of metallic cations for vanadium in Bi4V2O11. Phase transitions from α → β and β → γ are composition and temperature-dependent. Mn2+-doped compounds Bi4V2−x
Mn
x
O11−
δ
(0 ≤ x ≤ 0.4) have been synthesized by solid state reaction technique and investigated by X-ray diffraction and ionic conductivity
measurement. High ionic conducting γ-phase is stabilized for x ≥ 0.2. The ionic conductivity of the series of Bi4V2−x
Mn
x
O11−
δ
samples has been measured by using ac impedance spectroscopy technique. The conductivity data do show departure from its
simple Arrhenius behavior for all of the compositions. The highest conductivity observed for x = 0.2 sample can be attributed to lower activation energy. 相似文献
2.
S. Sirbu T. Yamauchi Y. Ueda P. H.M. van Loosdrecht 《The European Physical Journal B - Condensed Matter and Complex Systems》2006,53(3):289-296
Transport properties of the charge ordering compound
β-Na0.33V2O5 are studied in the temperature range from 30 K to 300 K using
current driven DC conductivity experiments. It is found that below
the metal-insulator transition temperature (
) this
material shows a nonlinear charge density modulation behavior. The
observed conductivity is discussed in terms of a classical domain
model for charge density modulation transport. 相似文献
3.
We have adopted a modified combustion route, namely, a mixed fuel process (MFP) to prepare a novel series of nano-crystalline
single- and multiple-doped ceria compositions with controlled powder characteristics, large surface area, finer particle size,
high sinterability, and high oxide ion conductivity at intermediate temperatures (500–700 °C). Using the mixed fuel process,
we have prepared nano-particles of single- and multiple-doped ceria powders with dopants such as Ca, Gd, and Sm and a suitable
combination of the same. In the pursuit for identifying new oxide-ion-conducting materials in this family of oxides, we have
pursued the idea of co-doping effect on the single doped compositions with proper introduction of a second dopant. Effect
of these dopants on the thermal decomposition and physico–chemical characteristics of the precursor and the powders prepared
thereby were studied in detail. Finally, the effects of multiple co-doping on the microstructural and electrical properties
were compared to understand the origin of the effect of dopant characteristics on the oxide ion conductivity of Ce1−x
M
x
O2 solid solutions. Our experimental results established unequivocally that co-doping is very effective in identifying new materials
with remarkably high ionic conductivity with substantial reduction in the cost for technological applications. Among the studied
compositions, the maximum conductivity with minimum activation energy was observed for the triply co-doped CCGS composition
(; E
a = 0.56 eV), which is much higher compared to the conductivity exhibited by most of the reported co-doped ceria compositions.
In conclusion, an effective way to improve the oxide ion conductivity of ceria-based oxides by proper choice of dopants and
co-doping is achieved. 相似文献
4.
The conductivity of glasses in the
50\textP\text2 \textO\text5 - x\textV\text2 \textO\text5 - ( 50 - x )\textLi\text2 \textO50{\text{P}}_{\text{2}} {\text{O}}_{\text{5}} - x{\text{V}}_{\text{2}} {\text{O}}_{\text{5}} - \left( {50 - x} \right){\text{Li}}_{\text{2}} {\text{O}} system was studied as a function of temperature and composition. For all compositions, the conductivity variation as a function
of temperature followed an Arrhenius type relationship. Isothermal variation of conductivity as a function of composition
showed a minimum for a molar ratio x near 20. Probable mechanisms for decrease of conductivity with decrease of vanadium oxide concentration were explained. The
minimum in room temperature was attributed to increase of V4+/V5+ with decrease of vanadium oxide in specific concentrations of vanadium oxide. Activation energy increased with decrease of
V2O5 content. This behavior was attributed to increase of average spacing between vanadium ions. 相似文献
5.
Sodium phosphate glass undoped and doped with different concentrations of chlorides of iron, manganese, and zinc were prepared
by melt quenching. The synthesized glasses were characterized by elemental analysis, X-ray diffraction, infrared (IR) spectroscopy,
differential scanning calorimetry, and electrical conductivity studies. The undoped sodium phosphate glass (Na2O–P2O5) has low electrical conductivity σ compared to all doped glasses except for 10% FeCl3-doped samples for which σ is found to be the lowest, and the trend is
The Na2O–P2O5–5% ZnCl2, Na2O–P2O5–5% MnCl2 and Na2O–P2O5–1% FeCl3 glassy systems yielded maximum σ values. These results are explained on the basis of changes in the structure of sodium phosphate glass matrix by the addition
of Fe, Mn, and Zn ions based on IR spectra and DSC studies. 相似文献
6.
Nanostructures P2O5-Al2O3-SiO2 glasses were prepared by sol-gel method. The glasses were characterized by XRD, FTIR and TG/DTA methods. The average pore
size of the glass was less than 3 nm as measured by N2 adsorption — desorption method. The thermal stability was measured as a function of decomposition temperature and weight
loss calculations. Proton conductivities of all samples increased with an increase in relative humidity (40–90 %), indicating
that continuous paths suitable for proton conduction were developed when glasses heat treated at 300 °C due to the adsorption
of water. The temperature dependence of the conductivity for all compositions increases with increasing temperature in the
range 30–90 °C with relative humidity 70 %. The overall conductivity was in the range 10−4–10−3 S/cm for compositions. 相似文献
7.
This paper considers Hardy–Lieb–Thirring inequalities for higher order differential operators. A result for general fourth-order
operators on the half-line is developed, and the trace inequality
tr( (-D)2 - CHRd,2\frac1|x|4 - V(x) )-g £ Cgò\mathbbRd V(x)+g+ \fracd4 dx, g 3 1 - \frac d 4,\mathrm{tr}\left( (-\Delta)^2 - C^{\mathrm{HR}}_{d,2}\frac{1}{|x|^4} - V(x) \right)_-^{\gamma}\leq C_\gamma\int\limits_{\mathbb{R}^d} V(x)_+^{\gamma + \frac{d}{4}}\,\mathrm{d}x, \quad \gamma \geq 1 - \frac d 4, 相似文献
8.
A new fast Ag+ ion conducting glassy system: x[0.75AgI:0.25AgCl]: (1−x)[Ag2O: P2O5], where 0.1 ≤ x ≤ 1 in molar weight fraction, has been synthesized by melt-quench technique using a high-speed twin roller-quencher.
An alternate host salt: ‘quenched [0.75AgI: 0.25AgCl] mixed system/ solid solution’, has been used in place of the traditional
host AgI. The compositional dependence conductivity studies on the glassy systems: x[0.75AgI:0.25AgCl]: (1−x)[Ag2O: P2O5] as well as xAgI: (1−x)[Ag2O: P2O5] prepared identically, indicated that the composition at x=0.75 exhibited the highest room temperature conductivity. The
composition: 0.75[0.75AgI: 0.25AgCl]: 0.25[Ag2O: P2O5] has been referred to as optimum conducting composition (OCC). The study also revealed that the new/ alternate host yielded
better electrolyte system. The activation energy (Ea), involved in the thermally activated conductivity process has been computed from ‘log σ − 1/T’ Arrhenius plot.
Paper presented at the 2nd International Conference on Ionic Devices, Anna University, Chennai, India, Nov. 28–30, 2003. 相似文献
9.
Nearly a 50% decrease of the resistivity ρ(T, x) is observed upon just 4% Cu doping at the Mn site of La2/3Ca1/3Mn1−x
CuxO3. When the observed phenomenon is attributed to a decrease of the spin-polaron energy E
σ(x) below T
C
(x), all of the data are found to be well fitted by the nonthermal coherent tunneling expression
, assuming that the magnetization in the ferromagnetic state is given by the expression
. The best fits through all the data points suggest
and E
σ(x)≃E
σ(0)(1−x)4 for the explicit x dependence of the Cu-induced modifications of the Mn-spin-dominated zero-temperature spontaneous magnetization, residual
paramagnetic contribution, and spin-polaron tunneling energy, respectively, with E
σ(0)=0.12 eV.
Pis’ma Zh. éksp. Teor. Fiz. 69, No. 11, 812–815 (10 June 1999)
Published in English in the original Russian journal. Edited by Steve Torstveit. 相似文献
10.
The defect fluorite region of the ternary system ZrO2-Y2O3-TiO2 encompasses compositions which offer both, good electronic and oxygen ion conductivity which enable good catalytic activity
for the direct oxidation of methane in a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC). The electrical properties of compositions YxTiyZr1−(x+y)O2−x/2 (with x=0.15, 0.2, 0.25 and y=0.15, 0.18) were characterised in order to find the composition with highest ionic and electronic
conductivity. High titanium dopant concentrations (Y) of 15 and 18 atom%, near the solubility limit of Ti4+ in the fluorite structure, have been introduced to achieve a high electronic conductivity at low oxygen partial pressure.
The yttrium content x has been varied between 15 and 25 atom% to find the fluorite composition with the highest ionic conductivity
for each titanium level.
In the pO2-range from 0.21 to 10−13 atm the conductivity is predominantly ionic and constant over that range. The maximum ionic conductivity is 0.01 Scm−1 for the compositions, which contain 15 atom% yttrium. Substantial electronic conductivity is introduced into the system at
low oxygen pressures below 10−13 atm via reduction of Ti4+ ions to Ti3+. The maximum electronic conductivity of 0.2 Scm−1 at 930 °C has been measured for a sample with 18 atom% titanium. The slope of all log(σ) vs. log(pO2) plots follows a pO
2
−1/4
-dependence.
Paper presented at the 5th Euroconference on Solid State Ionics, Benalmádena, Spain, Sept. 13–20, 1998. 相似文献
11.
Al, F-doped new perovskite lithium ion conductors (x=0.11) have been prepared by solid state reaction. It is found that a pure perovskite-structured phase with space group of P4mm(99) exits in the composition range of 0<y≤0.10. The sample with y=0.02 possesses the highest ionic conductivity of 1.06×10−3 S/cm at room temperature, and its decomposing voltage is 2.3 V. The factors affecting the conductivity of this system are discussed. 相似文献
12.
Doubly substitution of vanadium by Cu and Co in the limit of 10% in Bi4V2O11, has led to the formation of the Bi4V1.8Cu0.2−xCoxO10.7 solid solution. X-ray diffraction shows that all the compositions present a tetragonal symmetry. The thermal analysis has
revealed that the polymorph γ' phase, which is formed by a partial ordering of oxygen ions in the γ high temperature form,
is stabilized at room temperature. The influence of sintering temperature on the microstructure of the samples was investigated
by the scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The ceramics sintered at 820 °C for more than 3 hours present micro-craks. The
evolution of the electrical conductivity with temperature and the degree of substitution has been investigated by impedance
spectroscopy. The sample with x=0.1 presents the highest value of the conductivity ≈4.6×10−2 S·cm−1 at 600 °C. 相似文献
13.
The synthesis and characterization are reported for the cubic spinel titanate Mg(2−x)NixTiO4 (x≤0.25) and Mg(2−x)MnxTiO4 (x≤1). Single phase samples were observed for Mg(2−x)NixTiO4 and with x≤0.4 for Mg(2−x)MnxTiO4. AC measurements were carried out on four different compositions (x=0.01, 0.03, 0.04 and 0.15) in the Mg(2−x)NixTiO4 series and for Mg1.9Mn0.1TiO4. For all these compounds, increasing conductivity with temperature and Arrhenius conductivity dependence are observed, the
activation energy is around 0.28 eV for the Ni compounds and is 0.184 eV for Mg1.9Mn0.1TiO4. The DC conductivity was recorded over a range of oxygen partial pressures (10−19 to 1 atm) at 930 °C. The Mg(2−x)NixTiO4 compounds show a n-type behaviour whereas the Mg(2−x)MnxTiO4 show a p-type behaviour at high p(O2) and n-type at low p(O2). The stability under reduced conditions was checked and discussed for the different synthesized compounds.
Paper presented at the 5th Euroconference onSolid State Ionics, Benalmádena, Spain, Sept. 13–20, 1998. 相似文献
14.
Synthesis and conductivities of the apatite-type systems, La9.33+xSi6−yMyO26+z (M=Co, Fe, Mn) and La8Mn2Si6O26 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Apatite-type oxides of formula (La/Sr)10−xSi6O26+y have been attracting significant interest recently, because of their high oxide ion conductivity. In this paper we report
the synthesis and conductivities of phases based on doping La9.33Si6O26 with Co, Fe, Mn on the Si site, according to the formula La9.33+x/3Si6−xMxO26 (M=Co, Fe, Mn). Substitution limits observed were x≤1.5 (Co), x≤1.25 (Fe), x≤0.5 (Mn). Higher Mn levels could be achieved
by substituting onto the La site, with it being possible to prepare the phase La8Mn2Si6O26. The highest conductivities were observed for the Co doped samples, although investigations into the dependence of conductivity
on p(O2) (0.2–10−5 atm.) indicated that the conductivity was dominated by the electronic component in these cases. In contrast, the conductivities
for the Fe and Mn doped samples were mainly ionic in the same p(O2) range. Experiments into varying the oxygen content of these doped phases indicated that increasing the oxygen content above
the nominally stoichiometric O26 appears to increase the oxide ion conductivity.
Preliminary studies of the reactivity of the electrolyte La9.33Si6O26 with potential SOFC cathode materials (La1−xSrxMO3; M=Co, Fe, Mn) suggests that reaction can occur at high temperatures leading to the incorporation of the transition metal
into the apatite electrolyte. However, the fact that these doped phases exhibit high conductivities suggests that this may
limit any problems caused by such a reaction at the electrolyte-electrode interface.
Paper presented at the 8th EuroConference on Ionics, Carvoeiro, Algarve, Portugal, Sept. 16–22, 2001. 相似文献
15.
F. Clementi M. Gallegati G. Kaniadakis 《The European Physical Journal B - Condensed Matter and Complex Systems》2007,57(2):187-193
Starting from the generalized exponential function
, with exp 0(x)=exp (x), proposed in reference [G. Kaniadakis, Physica A 296, 405 (2001)], the survival function P>(x)=exp κ(-βxα), where x∈R+, α,β>0, and
, is considered in order to analyze the data on personal income distribution for Germany, Italy, and the United Kingdom. The
above defined distribution is a continuous one-parameter deformation of the stretched exponential function P>
0(x)=exp (-βxα)
to which reduces as κ approaches zero
behaving in very different way in the x→0 and x→∞ regions. Its bulk is very close to the stretched exponential one, whereas
its tail decays following the power-law P>(x)∼(2βκ)-1/κx-α/κ. This makes the κ-generalized function particularly suitable to describe simultaneously the income distribution among both
the richest part and the vast majority of the population, generally fitting different curves. An excellent agreement is found
between our theoretical model and the observational data on personal income over their entire range. 相似文献
16.
Oxygen ion conduction in La0.9Sr0.1Ga1−xMxO3−δ (M=Cr, Fe; x=0 – 0.20), LaGa1−xMxO3−δ (M=Co, Ni; x=0.20 – 0.60), LaGa1−x−yCoxMgyO3−δ (x=0.35 – 0.60; y=0.10 – 0.25) and LaGa0.85−xMg0.15(Nb0.33Mg0.66)xO3−δ (x=0 – 0.20) is reported. At temperatures below 1200 K the ionic conductivity of La(Ga,M)O3−δ (M=Co, Ni) increases with increasing oxygen nonstoichiometry, but is lower than for La(Ga,Mg)O3−δ and (La,Sr)GaO3−δ. Co-doping with Nb and Mg was found to result in decreasing ionic transport in La(Ga,Nb,Mg)O3−δ due to blocking of oxygen sites by Nb5+. Small additions of Fe to the B-site of La0.9Sr0.1GaO3−δ increase the ionic conductivity, whereas substitution of Cr for Ga has the opposite effect. Incorporation of transition metal
cations into the Ga site leads to a higher p-type electronic conductivity in all studied perovskites.
Paper presented at the 6th Euroconference on Solid Sate Ionics, Cetraro, Calabria, Italy, Sept. 12–19, 1999. 相似文献
17.
B. Sitamtze Youmbi Serge Zékeng Samuel Domngang Florent Calvayrac Alain Bulou 《Ionics》2012,18(4):371-377
To date, the fastest lithium ion-conducting solid electrolytes known are the perovskite-type ABO3 oxide, with A = Li, La and B = Ti, lithium lanthanum titanate (LLTO)
Li3x La( 2 \mathord | / | \vphantom 2 3 3 ) - x [¯]( 1 \mathord | / |
\vphantom 1 3 3 ) - x TiO3 {\rm Li}_{3x} {\rm La}_{\left( {{2 \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {2 3}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} 3}} \right) - x} \Box_{\left( {{1 \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {1 3}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} 3}} \right) - x} {\rm TiO}_3 and its structurally related materials. In this formula, [¯]\Box represents the vacancy. These materials have attracted much attention due to their application in lithium ion batteries used
as energy sources in microelectronic and information technologies. In addition to the well-established simple cubic, tetragonal
and orthorhombic perovskite type distorted cell structures, the hexagonal unit cell was reported in a recent study for Li0.5 La0.5 TiO3 − δ
, ( 0 £ d £ 0.06 )\left( {0 \le \delta \le 0.06} \right). We investigated the ionic conductivity in hexagonal La0.5 Li0.5 TiO3{\rm La}_{0.5} {\rm Li}_{0.5}\- {\rm TiO}_3 by molecular dynamics. We confirmed that ionic conductivity in this compound is due to the motion of lithium ions. We show
that both Arrhenius and Vogel–Tamman–Fulcher-type relationships could be used to express the high-temperature conductivity
of this compound. From our results, hexagonal LLTO exhibits almost 1.7–1.9 ×10 − 3 S cm − 1 at room temperature. Thus, due to its high ionic conductivity, this compound is expected to show some advantages in comparison
with the best conductors of this family, for usual applications of ionic conductors. 相似文献
18.
P.?Mas?owski K.?Bielska A.?Cygan J.?Domys?awska D.?Lisak R.?Ciury?o A.?Bielski R. S.?Trawiński 《The European Physical Journal D - Atomic, Molecular, Optical and Plasma Physics》2009,51(3):295-302
Careful analysis of the intercombination 51S0–53P1 line of the 113Cd isotope with two hfs components
and was carried out.
The hyperfine splitting of this line was determined to uncertainty less than
10-3 cm-1 using neon-perturbed Doppler limited spectra. 相似文献
19.
Yu. D. Fiveiskii 《Russian Physics Journal》1967,10(2):15-17
A method is given for calculating the cross section for neutralization of
for medium and heavy nuclei in terms of the optical potential, by addition of the neutralization operator
. The method is reasonable for energies
. Explicit forms are obtained for the differential and total cross sections for an optical potential in the form of a complex rectangular well, V(r) = V0., in which V0 differs; from zero within the nucleus and
. The value of Vo corresponding to the observed cross section for lead is derived. The dependence of the total cross section on V0 for copper is given.I am indebted to P. E. Nemirovskii for direction and valuable advice. 相似文献
20.
Vanadium bronzes NayV2O5 are synthesized via the hydrothermal route from a mixture of V2O5 and NaOH in the presence of a reducing agent. Fine crystalline powders made of needle-like particles are obtained that exhibit
the layered structure typical of the α′-NayV2O5 phase (y≈1). Electron delocalization arises from a hopping process of unpaired electrons between V4+ and V5+. Alkaline cations are intercalated between the oxide layers and discharge curves show that up to one Li+ ion per vanadium can be reversibly inserted between the [V2O5] layers in the 3.3–0.5 V range. Chemical diffusion coefficient of Li ions in LixNaV2O5 is found to be dependent on the degree of intercalation. D+ varies from 1×10−10 up to 5×10−10 cm2/s for 0≤×≤2.
Paper presented at the 5th Euroconference on Solid State Ionics, Benalmádena, Spain, Sept. 13–20, 1998. 相似文献
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