有机物废水电化学净化的微型实验

电化学方法用于废水净化是一项新技术,本文摸索了电浮选凝聚等净化方法的微型实验装置与条件,提出便于实践的新颖环保微型实验.     

电浮选方法在净化镍离子中的应用研究

采用电浮选方法,对水溶液中的Ni^2 的净化效果进行了研究。通过考察溶液的pH、离子强度、Ni^2 的初始浓度以及电极电流密度等因素,讨论了电浮选方法影响重金属Ni^2 净化的情况;并与传统的自然沉降法对照,认为电解过程所产生的微小气泡除参与浮选之外,还参与了金属胶体颗粒形成的絮凝过程,使电浮选工艺过程不仅能浮选不溶性胶体颗粒,而且还可以进一步去除溶液中可溶性重金属Ni^2 ,从而使净化效果更佳。实验结果也表明,电浮选对于净化处理含低浓度重金属Ni^2 溶液效果优于重量沉淀法。并对其它含重金属离子污水净化提供了参考。     

溶剂浮选法分离富集污水中痕量羧酸类和胺类有机污染物的研究

本文报道了溶剂浮选法分离富集污水中痕量羧酸类有机污染物和胺类有机污染物的新方法。考察了溶液的pH值、通气速度、离子强度、浮选时间、相比以及不同溶剂对浮选效果的影响。在优化了浮选条件下溶剂浮选效率达到95％以上。采用本法对石化工业污水中的痕量羧酸类和胺类物质进行分离富集和鉴定,证明了该法的可行性。     

“污水处理-电浮选凝聚法”实验的改进

人教版高中《实验化学》教材中"污水处理—电浮选凝聚法"的实验进行改进后,污水的凝聚效果会更理想。改进的方法是:(1)在污水中加入适量的电解质溶液;(2)用铁片和碳棒为阳极,铝片为阴极的三电极电解装置电解;(3)在电解的过程中同时搅拌。     

我国稀土浮选药剂研究进展

简要介绍了自60年代以来，我国研制和应用的含氮浮选药剂，稀土浮选含磷药剂，稀土羧酸类浮选剂及混合用药等几类主要稀土浮选药剂及其浮选性能和作用机理，阐述了稀土浮选体系的药剂交互作用规律。并探讨稀土浮选药剂研究的发展方向，稀土浮选药剂的研究正在向3个方向发展：一是研制新型高效浮选剂；二是对现有的药剂进行混合使用的研究，三是对稀土浮选体系中药剂的交互作用进行研究。     

双水相浮选过程中青霉素的分离行为

基于双水相浮选技术(ATPF)分离富集水相中青霉素的方法,研究了双水相浮选过程中青霉素的分离行为.在常温下,2.5 g/L青霉素水溶液300 mL、初始pH 7、(NH4)2SO4浓度350 g/L、浮选溶剂为50%(w/w)PEG1000水溶液10 mL条件下,分别研究了青霉素在双水相浮选过程中的动力学行为和分离后的...     

溶剂浮选法分离富集茶叶中茶多酚的研究

采用溶剂浮选法分离富集了茶叶中的茶多酚。考察了浮选溶剂、氮气流速、试液pH及浮选时间等因素对浮选效率的影响,优选出最佳浮选条件;对最佳条件下的浮选效果进行了评价,并与溶剂萃取法进行了比对,前者明显优于后者。     

溶剂浮选-HPLC法测定茵陈中滨蒿内酯的研究

摘要：建立茵陈中滨蒿内酯的溶剂浮选分离富集方法。方法 考察了浮选溶剂、氮气流速、试液 pH、浮选时间及电解质 NaCl 等因素对浮选效果的影响,优选出最佳浮选条件,并由高效液相色谱测定其含量。结果 对最佳条件下的浮选效果进行了评价。结论 加标回收率92.31 ~ 99.97 %; RSD = 3.20 %.溶剂浮选分离富集方法可行。     

氯化钠存在下应用氯化亚锡-罗丹明B-水体系浮选分离钯

研究了氯化钠存在下氯化亚锡-罗丹明B-水体系浮选分离钯的方法及条件，在盐酸介质中，钯（Ⅱ）浮选率为100%，并与常见贱金属分离，对方法在分光光度法中的应用进行了研究，并对浮选模型进行了探讨。     

对羟基苯甲酸的溶剂浮选研究

研究了对羟基苯甲酸溶剂浮选的浮选条件优化和回收动力学规律。考察了溶液的pH、通气速度、溶液离子强度、浮选时间、相比以及浮选溶剂等因素对对羟基苯甲酸浮选效率的影响，优选了浮选条件。研究表明对羟基苯甲酸的溶剂浮选过程符合一级动力学方程，表观速率常数随空气流速的增加而增大。     

Electroflotation Extraction of Valuable Components from Wash Waters of Electroplating Works,with Water Recycling

An electroflotation technology for extracting ions of heavy nonferrous metals from the wash and waste waters of electrolytic baths is proposed. The main regularities and basic parameters of the electroflotation extraction of ions of copper, zinc, nickel, chromium, and iron in the form of hydroxides, phosphates and sulfides of the metals are determined. Optimum technological parameters for the extraction of copper ions in the presence of complexing agents are established. Advantages of an electroflotation with electrocorrection of pH are shown.     

Raising the efficiency of electroflotation purification of wastewater formed in production of printed-circuit boards to remove copper ions in the presence of complexing agents,surfactants, and flocculants

It was found that the solution composition, pH value, concentration, and nature of surfactants and flocculant affect the process of electroflotation extraction of copper hydroxide in the presence of an excess amount of ammonia. A relationship between the ζ-potential of the dispersed phase and the degree of copper extraction was found. It is shown that a cationic surfactant and flocculants positively affect the efficiency of the electroflotation extraction of copper. Under the optimal conditions, the degree of the electroflotation extraction reaches values of 95–96%, and that with additional filtration, 97–99%. A technological scheme for implementing the electroflotation process is suggested.     

Experimental studies of the efficiency of electroflotation recovery of poorly soluble lanthanum compounds from aqueous solutions

Features of electroflotation recovery of poorly soluble lanthanum compounds from aqueous solutions containing sodium salts were experimentally determined and studied for the first time. The role was identified that anionic, cationic, and nonionic surfactants added to various supporting electrolytes (sulfate, chloride, carbonate, nitrate) play in the efficiency of electroflotation recovery of poorly soluble lanthanum compounds. The possibility of electroflotation recovery of lanthanum hydroxide with an efficiency of 95–99% was experimentally and theoretically substantiated.     

Effect of the composition of the medium and electroflotation processing parameters on extraction efficiency of chromium(III) dispersed phase from aqueous solutions

Influence exerted by the composition of the medium (solution pH, ionic composition, presence of flocculants and surfactants), physicochemical properties of the dispersed phase (particle size, electrokinetic potential), and technological parameters of the electroflotation process (volume current density, magnetic treatment, solution temperature) on the efficiency of the electroflotation extraction of poorly soluble chromium(III) compounds from aqueous solutions was studied. It was shown that the extraction efficiency directly depends on the composition of the medium, which determines the physicochemical properties of poorly soluble chromium(III) compounds, and on the size of particles and their minimum surface charge. The optimal technological parameters of the electroflotation process are suggested.     

Selective separation and extraction of copper(II), iron(II,III), and Cerium(III,IV) ions from aqueous solutions by electroflotation method

Possibility of the electroflotation separation and extraction of cerium(II, IV), copper(II), and iron(II, III) from aqueous solutions is demonstrated. The optimal pH value and the concentration ratio of ions of the metals being separated, at which their electroflotation separation and extraction from aqueous solutions is the most efficient, was determined. It was shown that the electroflotation method is promising for selective separation and extraction of metal ions with various hydrate-formation pH values from aqueous solutions.     

Physicochemical efficiency of electroflotation of finely divided carbon nanomaterial from aqueous solutions containing surfactants

Electroflotation of finely divided carbon nanomaterials—carbon nanoflakes (CNFls)—from aqueous solutions with a wide pH range of 3.0 to 11.0 in the presence of surfactants of various types was studied experimentally. The efficiency indices were determined for the electroflotation of CNFls from CNFls–surfactant–Na₂SO₄ solutions in the presence of a coagulant (iron(III) chloride) and flocculants, which enabled one to find the optimal conditions for electroflotation of carbon nanomaterials.     

Development of Electroflotation Technology for Extraction of Anionic Surfactants and Nonferrous Metal Ions from Wastewater Produced at Electroplating Industries

Sorption extraction of anionic surfactants NaDDS and NaDBS on freshly formed iron(III) and aluminum(III) hydroxides and on a highly dispersed activated carbon of OU-B brand was experimentally studied. It was shown that NaDDS is the most fully sorbed on Al(OH)₃ and OU-B, whereas on Fe(OH)₃, the maximum sorption is observed for NaDBS. The electroflotation extraction of anionic surfactants and poorly soluble iron(III) and aluminum(III) hydroxides was examined and the influence exerted by the following factors (pH, nature of electrolyte, surfactant concentration) on the degree of extraction of these substances was analyzed. In addition, electroflotation extraction of OU-B in the presence on nonferrous metal hydroxides and surfactants of varied nature from aqueous solutions was performed. The results obtained were used to develop a technological scheme for electroflotation of complex-composition wastewater.     

Effect of Surfactants and Carbon Nanomaterials on the Electroflotation Extraction of the Disperse Phase of Cobalt Hydroxides

The effect of surfactants and carbon nanomaterials (CNMs) on the electroflotation extraction of the disperse phase of cobalt(II) and (III) hydroxides at pH 6 and pH 10 was studied. It is shown that at pH 6 in the absence of surfactants, the efficiency of cobalt extraction in various electrolytes is low and does not exceed 15–25%. In the surfactant–CNM–electrolyte system, the degree of extraction α increases in the chloride, nitrate, and sulfate solutions compared with the solutions containing no surfactants. The electroflotation extraction of cobalt was more efficient at pH 10: α reached 80–96% in the absence of surfactants, 70–97% in the surfactant–electrolyte system, and 60–97% in the surfactant–CNM–electrolyte system. The optimum conditions of the electroflotation extraction of cobalt hydroxides from solutions containing various inorganic electrolytes were determined. The effect of the sodium chloride content on the degree of cobalt extraction at pH 6 was studied. When the NaCl concentration increased from 0 to 10 g/L, the efficiency of cobalt extraction increased to 92%; when the flocculant was added and an additional stage of filtration was used, cobalt was extracted almost completely.     

Raising the Efficiency of Electroflotation Extraction of Metals in Multicomponent Systems from Aqueous Media

Specific features of the electroflotation extraction of hydroxides of nonferrous metals (Cu²⁺, Ni²⁺, Zn²⁺, Cr³⁺, Fe³⁺) from a five-component system in the presence of sodium sulfate as supporting electrolyte were examined. The fundamental aspects of the extraction process upon introduction into the system of surfactants of varied nature and flocculants were determined. It was shown that addition of a nonionogenic flocculant N-300 makes it possible to raise the efficiency and stabilize the process of the electroflotation extraction of difficultly soluble metal hydroxides contained in multicomponent systems from wastewater formed in various galvanic shops, with the degrees of extraction possibly reaching a value of 97%.