基于粒子群算法的稀疏阵列超声相控阵全聚焦成像

为降低相控阵超声检测全聚焦算法的成像数据量及阵列稀疏优化的计算时间,研究了一种用于稀疏阵列全聚焦成像的阵列优化算法,并通过实验对其成像效果进行了验证.针对目前超声相控阵检测的全矩阵采集数据量大、全聚焦算法成像时间长的难点,该文通过构建稀疏阵列,在保证成像质量的同时显著降低成像数据量,提高了全聚焦算法的成像效率.通过以主...     

超声相控阵隧道注浆检测的阵列优化及降噪算法研究*

为了快速准确地检测盾构隧道的注浆质量,提出一种超声相控阵检测的方法。通过改进粒子群遗传算法(GA-PSO)来优化换能器的布设,并提出GA-VMD-SG集成算法对超声信号进行降噪处理,同时对超声相控阵检测注浆质量的过程进行数值模拟,结合两种算法和缺陷回波来验证检测效果。结果表明：通过GA-PSO算法优化后的超声相控阵32阵元和128阵元的最大旁瓣值分别为-40.96dB和-48.22dB,在降低换能器成本和成像数据量的情况下能保持较好的声学性能;GA-VMD-SG算法优化超声回波后的 值为16.6774, 值为0.1943,降噪效果较好;对数值模拟数据进行回波分析可以有效检验注浆缺陷,验证了基于阵列优化及降噪算法的隧道注浆超声相控阵检测是可行有效的。     

基于遗传算法的二维随机型稀疏阵列的优化研究

为了解决二维相控阵列及与之匹配的三维超声成像系统过于复杂的问题,提出了一种基于遗传算法的随机型稀疏阵列的优化设计方法。在这种方法中,首先根据横向分辨率的要求确定参考阵列的尺寸及加权分布,然后根据对比分辨率的要求确定稀疏阵列相对于参考阵列的稀疏率,最后利用遗传算法优化确定阵元的分布形式。通过连续波理论和基于空间冲激响应的脉冲场模型对这种稀疏阵列的声学特性进行了分析,分析结果表明,优化设计的随机型稀疏阵列具有良好的特性,它与参考阵列有几乎相等的主瓣宽度,而且不产生栅瓣,虽然其旁瓣高度与参考阵列相比略有提升,但经遗传算法优化后仍能满足高质量成像的要求。     

非整数维超声相控阵探测方法研究

研究了非整数维超声相控阵聚焦特性以及在石油井下的扫描探测方法,首先对1.25D,1.5D和1.75D相控阵聚焦声场进行了分析,对如何提高仰角方向分辨率及减少动态阵元数等问题进行了深入的讨论;然后,研究了环形和分割环形相控阵列聚焦声场及声束偏转等特性,并和2D面阵进行了对比分析;论文还对1.25D、1.5D、1.75D、环形和分割环形相控阵列在石油测井中的应用方法进行了研究和讨论,为超声相控阵技术在井下应用提供了理论基础。     

带楔块二维面阵列超声相控阵声场特性分析

开展了带楔块二维面阵脉冲超声相控阵辐射声场特性的研究。将安装在一定角度斜楔块上二维面阵相控阵换能器声场问题简化为液固界面情况进行讨论。以单阵元在液固平界面条件下的辐射声场为基础,推导了聚焦偏转法则,给出了带楔块二维面阵超声相控阵声场计算方法。以检测材料为钢板,安装在倾斜角为36°有机玻璃楔块上的频率为5 MHz、8×8二维面阵相控阵的辐射声场计算为例,分析了在不同偏转角和不同聚焦深度下检测材料中的辐射声场特性。计算结果表明该方法可有效的分析带楔块二维面阵超声相控阵声场特性并用于指导二维超声面阵角束探头的设计。     

稀疏光学相控阵设计方法研究

为克服光学相控阵单元间隔必须小于工作波长二分之一的限制,构建了一种稀疏光学相控阵模型。分析了一维稀疏光学相控阵在近场和远场条件下的扫描原理,并提出了一种设计方法。对其相关参数进行仿真的结果表明：稀疏光学相控阵所用的单元数目较少,单元间隔远大于工作波长,扫描范围较大,波束宽度较窄,且在整个扫描空间内没有栅瓣。因此,稀疏光学相控阵单元间隔不受工作波长的限制,同时具有较好的扫描性能。     

基于Gires-Tournois谐振腔的二维光学相控阵反射镜

光学相控阵是激光雷达中实现非机械光束偏转的一种技术方案,针对现有光学相控阵存在的尺寸大、二维集成困难等问题,提出了一种可实现二维光束偏转的新型二维光学相控阵反射镜.该反射镜采用易于集成的面阵结构,同时利用Gires-Tournois谐振腔在谐振波长附近的色散特性放大相移.仿真结果表明,该结构在谐振波长附近具有较高的相移...     

二维阵列狭缝阿达玛光谱仪波长准确度研究

二维阵列狭缝模板是阿达玛编码模板的一种新的设计思想,分析了模板上同列狭缝的加工误差对仪器波长准确度的不利影响,在此基础上,给出了减少同列狭缝高度、垂直光谱维方向上位置不一致性误差对仪器波长准确度影响的方法,以及同列狭缝在光谱维方向上位置不一致导致解码所得谱线产生的光谱偏移量的粗略估计方法,并建立模型进行仿真,计算了当模板上某列狭缝存在宽度、光谱维方向上位置不一致性误差时,解码所得其他各列狭缝谱线分布上测量误差的大小,根据仿真结果可以初步确定模板的加工精度。通过该研究有助于合理设计MEMS(微机电系统)二维阵列狭缝模板,获得对系统误差的有效补偿,提高仪器的波长准确度。     

二维多色阵列产生及控制

基于超短脉冲非线性传输过程的空间分裂和级联非共线二阶非线性过程,可以在二阶非线性介质中直接产生二维多色阵列。所形成的二维瞬态光栅可以利用同步注入的超连续白光进行探测,并实现二维多色阵列上转换放大。利用相对强度很弱的二次谐波,可以对二维多色阵列及其上转换放大进行有效控制。     

A novel method to design sparse linear arrays for ultrasonic phased array

In ultrasonic phased array testing, a sparse array can increase the resolution by enlarging the aperture without adding system complexity. Designing a sparse array involves choosing the best or a better configuration from a large number of candidate arrays. We firstly designed sparse arrays by using a genetic algorithm, but found that the arrays have poor performance and poor consistency. So, a method based on the Minimum Redundancy Linear Array was then adopted. Some elements are determined by the minimum-redundancy array firstly in order to ensure spatial resolution and then a genetic algorithm is used to optimize the remaining elements. Sparse arrays designed by this method have much better performance and consistency compared to the arrays designed only by a genetic algorithm. Both simulation and experiment confirm the effectiveness.     

数字化相控阵天线测试方法及测试系统设计

伴随着雷达技术的飞速发展,数字化相控阵天线开始广泛运用于各种相控阵雷达当中。由于数字化相控阵天线的工作原理与传统模拟相控阵天线差异极大,测试方法也发生了根本性的改变,原有的基于普通微波仪表的天线测试系统无法再对数字化相控阵天线进行测试,必须设计新型的数字化相控阵天线测试系统。本文首先介绍了数字化相控阵天线自身的工作原理和测试方法,随后提出了新型数字化相控阵天线测试系统的具体软硬件设计方案,实际应用表明数字化相控阵天线测试系统可以满足各种数字化相控阵天线的测试要求。     

光纤相控阵稀疏排布优化算法对比

光纤相控阵在激光合束、激光雷达等领域具有应用前景.光纤阵列配置方式不同于微波相控阵,光纤天线间距大于波长时存在周期旁瓣问题,影响主瓣能量分布.本文从物理模型出发,建立了基于同心圆环形点阵集合的光学相控阵天线布阵理论模型,提出了利用解析延拓的傅里叶变换方法实现干涉场强度的快速合成理论,讨论了在离散采样时数值仿真需关注的采样带宽和采样数目问题,解决了快速实现多光束干涉场数值仿真的问题.对比研究了两种优化光学相控阵天线配置的优化算法:遗传算法和粒子群算法,分别实现了不同种群数量遗传算法和粒子群算法迭代优化,分析了二者在优化过程中的收敛速度和优化效果,得到了峰值旁瓣比PSR=0.270的配置阵列.所提出的方法有望用于实际的光学相控阵天线配置中,指导天线主瓣能量最大化的优化设计;研究模型对不可微分目标函数优化问题的研究有一定参考价值.     

机械相控阵列天线的电机控制系统设计

为实现机械相控阵列天线的波束扫描,采用直流电机驱动螺旋天线单元转动来达到预定的辐射相位.利用数字信号处理芯片TMS320F2812设计了直流电机位置控制系统,介绍了控制系统的硬件设计方案、控制策略及软件设计方案.针对直流电机驱动的螺旋天线单元位置控制系统,研究了模糊PID控制算法,并把它应用到控制系统中.实验结果表明,...     

Ultrasonic beam focusing characteristics of shear-vertical waves for contact-type linear phased array in solid

We investigate the beam focusing technology of shear-vertical(SV) waves for a contact-type linear phased array to overcome the shortcomings of conventional wedge transducer arrays. The numerical simulation reveals the transient excitation and propagation characteristics of SV waves. It is found that the element size plays an important role in determining the transient radiation directivity of SV waves. The transient beam focusing characteristics of SV waves for various array parameters are deeply studied. It is particularly interesting to see that smaller element width will provide the focused beam of SV waves with higher quality, while larger element width may result in erratic fluctuation of focusing energy around the focal point. There exists a specific range of inter-element spacing for optimum focusing performance. Moreover, good beam focusing performance of SV waves can be achieved only at high steering angles.     

应用在相控阵雷达上的光学实时延迟线

相控阵天线是雷达技术的重要发展方向之一。电子相控阵雷达所遇到的问题是天线阵列孔径效应限制了雷达信号的瞬时带宽,使其不能满足通信和雷达技术的发展需要。光学实时延迟技术,可以解决这一问题。介绍了相控阵天线光实时延迟控制原理。并对几种典型的光实时延迟线的工作原理和技术特点作了简要的分析。     

Nonparaxial multi-Gaussian beam models and measurement models for phased array transducers

A nonparaxial multi-Gaussian beam model is proposed in order to overcome the limitation that paraxial Gaussian beam models lose accuracy in simulating the beam steering behavior of phased array transducers. Using this nonparaxial multi-Gaussian beam model, the focusing and steering sound fields generated by an ultrasonic linear phased array transducer are calculated and compared with the corresponding results obtained by paraxial multi-Gaussian beam model and more exact Rayleigh-Sommerfeld integral model. In addition, with help of this novel nonparaxial method, an ultrasonic measurement model is provided to investigate the sensitivity of linear phased array transducers versus steering angles. Also the comparisons of model predictions with experimental results are presented to certify the accuracy of this provided measurement model.     

A transformation based method to design ultrasound array

In medical ultrasound imaging, the desired lateral field distribution at each focal distance can be obtained by optimal apodization. On the other hand, the lateral field is a function of focal distance. Hence, finding the optimal apodization is a very arduous process. To overcome this, we have introduced a suboptimal method by which optimal apodization can be calculated in any distance through a nonlinear transformation by the knowledge of the optimal one at a distance. This transformation is established on a fact that the lateral field distribution at focal distance can be expressed as the Fourier transform of a nonlinear function of the aperture weighting, instead of direct expression as the Fourier transform of the above. We have applied this method to map the apodization which obtains the desired beam pattern into the apodization which maintains the same properties on the lateral field distribution. For example, applying this method on a 50-elements λ/2 spaced linear array with length D has resulted in apodization that is optimal at distances D or D/2 by precision better than 9%. This method is useful especially in optimization problems, having no explicit constraint on the main lobe width, such as minimizing the sidelobe levels or minimizing main lobe width constrained to a predetermined value of sidelobe level. However, as the results show, this technique provides acceptable results in other cases.     

A comparison between ultrasonic array beamforming and super resolution imaging algorithms for non-destructive evaluation

In this paper the total focusing method, the so called gold standard in classical beamforming, is compared with the widely used time-reversal MUSIC super resolution technique in terms of its ability to resolve closely spaced scatterers in a solid. The algorithms are tested with simulated and experimental array data, each containing different noise levels. The performance of the algorithms is evaluated in terms of lateral resolution and sensitivity to noise. It is shown that for the weak noise situation (SNR > 20 dB), time-reversal MUSIC provides significantly enhanced lateral resolution when compared to the total focusing method, breaking the diffraction limit. However, for higher noise levels, the total focusing method is shown to be robust, whilst the performance of time-reversal MUSIC is degraded. The influence of multiple scattering on the imaging algorithms is also investigated and shown to be small.