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《大学物理》2017,(11)
地球自转会带来许多非惯性系效应,利用这些效应定量测量地球的自转角速度,是物理学实验研究的一个重要方面,其中,布拉维摆不仅可以定性地体现出地球自转的效应,更是一种精密测定其自转周期的一种方法.深入研究了利用圆锥摆顺时针和逆时针旋转的周期不同测量地球自转角速度的实验,分析了实验中影响测量精度的关键因素并探讨了控制实验误差的方法,最终得到了与标准值偏差2.3%的结果.由于地球自转所导致的顺逆周期的差十分微小,而影响周期测量的因素很多,如何控制其中关键因素的误差就成为实验成功的重要环节.介绍了如何控制实验条件,以及一些重要的误差来源的分析和控制,对于在普通物理实验条件下成功进行地球自转角速度的测量具有借鉴意义. 相似文献
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纵观近四年的高考物理实验题,可以发现:每年都有一道题是围绕着"电阻的测量"而展开的,但都不是简单地考查课本内容,而是通过改造、组合、引伸,不断地更新物理背景,改变设问角度,使题目充满了新意.与以往教学中的一些典型的陈题相比,这些实验题更注重考查对实验原理、实验方法的理解和应用,更注意考查学生对知识的灵活运用能力和创造性解决问题的能力.下面试作具体分析. 相似文献
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用转动惯量仪测量物体转动惯量,是普通物理实验中,最简单的一种测转动惯量方法.这里所说的是圆盘状物体对其中心轴的转动惯量.(参见人民教育出版社1981年出版的华中工学院、天津大学、上海交大编《物理实验》).它的原理和操作简单、现象直 相似文献
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光源近场测量在LED光学设计中的应用与研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
在LED光学设计中,传统方法多以LED光源的远场测试数据为设计依据,而远场测试仅仅是对LED光源相对粗糙的测量,并不能精确地描述光源的空间光分布情况。对LED光源详细空间光分布信息的获取,即LED光线集的获取已经成为LED光学设计的瓶颈问题。获取并合理利用精确、详实的LED光源信息尤其是光源空间光分布信息是LED光学设计的关键点。分别利用单颗LED芯片和LED模块做了两组对照实验,并利用照明解析软件对获得的实验数据进行处理和分析,通过对比实验中光源远场测试和近场测试获得结果之间的差异,强调了通过LED光源近场测试获取光源光线集对LED光学设计的重要作用。实验结果表明,LED光源近场测量获取的光源光线集可以为LED光学设计提供更为详细的光源的光空间分布信息。 相似文献
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D. A. Zimnyakov 《Waves in Random and Complex Media》2000,10(4):417-434
The similarity of the decay tendencies of statistical moments of optical fields and their combinations (the mean intensity, the temporal correlation function of the field fluctuations and the degree of polarization) due to coherent light propagation in the disordered media has been considered by using a simple phenomenological model with exponential relaxation. A theoretical consideration has been carried out for the case of light propagation through a disordered slab using the diffusion approximation. The validity of the concept of similarity has been demonstrated in experiments with water suspensions of polystyrene spheres for the light transmission mode even in the case of non-diffusion regimes of light propagation through a scattering substance. 相似文献
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Non-invasive glucose sensing with near-infrared spectroscopy enhanced by optical measurement conditions reproduction technique 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Kexin Xu Qingjun Qiu Jingying Jiang Xiuyan Yang 《Optics and Lasers in Engineering》2005,43(10):1096-1106
Non-invasive glucose sensing utilizing near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) has been a focusing topic in biomedical optics applications. However, different probing locations and contact pressures between the probe and skin cause variations in the light propagation paths within tissue, making it very hard to obtain stable near-infrared spectra concerning body content. This paper proposes one possible solution to the reproduction of light propagation within tissue for near-infrared non-invasive glucose sensing systems by introducing the optical measurement conditions reproduction technique. Results of experiments on glucose concentrations within human body through application of our proposed system show a RMSEP value of 15–20 mg/dL and a correlation coefficient greater than 0.8. 相似文献
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为了实现实验室环境下测定光速,采用已知长度及折射率的单模零色散光纤作为传输介质,利用高精度时间间隔测量技术测量了光在该光纤中的传输延时。经过理论推导,求出光速c与作为传输介质的光纤长度L、折射率n及光纤延时τ之间的关系式,从而通过测量得到L,n及τ的值即可计算得到真空中的光速值。与传统的利用天文法及精密仪器测量光速的方法相比,采用比较先进的高精度时间间隔测量技术可使时间分辨率达到125ps,从而在实验室环境下,利用简单仪器得到了高精度的测量结果。最终测量所得光速为299928077m/s,误差为30860m/s。 相似文献
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杨氏实验远场的光谱位移和光谱开关 总被引:9,自引:4,他引:5
从部分相干光的传输定律出发,研究了杨氏双缝实验远场的光谱变化。指出杨氏实验中光谱开关在远场也会出现.缝的衍射和光的空间相干性是产生光谱开关的物理原因,增大缝参量ε和源的空间相关度△光谱开关效应越显著。作了详细的数值计算以说明远场光谱位移和光谱开关的特性,并与已有的工作进行了比较。 相似文献
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M. R. K. Soltanian I. S. Amiri M. M. Ariannejad H. Ahmad P. Yupapin 《Optical and Quantum Electronics》2017,49(9):308
A simple high-resolution refractive index (RI) and phase sensor has been demonstrated and the results numerically verified. A free space gap is employed in one arm of a Mach–Zehnder interferometer (MZI) to serve as the sensing mechanism with a physical spacing of 1.4 mm. The propagation constant of transmitted light in the MZI’s gap changes due to the small variation in the ambient RI that will further shift the optical phase of the signal. A free space optical delay line is embedded within the MZI’s other arm to set the phase reference point and compensate for variations in the optical phase difference. The ambient RI is computed by measuring the phase shift in the transmission spectrum A high-resolution sensing of 0.8 pm/%RH corresponds to phase change of 0.012°/%RH has been achieved in 1520 nm. 相似文献
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We explore the mathematical structure and the physical implications of a general four-dimensional symmetry framework which is consistent with the Poincaré—Einstein principle of relativity for physical laws and with experiments. In particular, we discuss a four-dimensional framework in which all observers in different frames use one and the same grid of clocks. The general framework includes special relativity and a recently proposed new four-dimensional symmetry with a nonuniversal light speed as two special simple cases. The connection between the properties of light propagation and the convention concerning clock systems is also discussed, and is seen to be nonunique within the four-dimensional framework. 相似文献
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Thomas J. Huisman Simon R. Huisman Allard P. Mosk Pepijn W. H. Pinkse 《Applied physics. B, Lasers and optics》2014,116(3):603-607
The control of light scattering is essential in many quantum optical experiments. Wavefront shaping is a technique used for ultimate control over wave propagation through multiple-scattering media by adaptive manipulation of incident waves. We control the propagation of single-photon Fock states through opaque scattering media by spatial phase modulation of the incident wavefront. We enhance the probability that a single photon arrives in a target output mode with a factor 30. Our proof-of-principle experiment shows that the propagation of quantum light through multiple-scattering media can be controlled, with prospective applications in quantum communication and quantum cryptography. 相似文献