反复荷载下圆钢管型钢再生混凝土组合柱恢复力模型研究

为建立圆钢管型钢再生混凝土组合柱的恢复力模型,对11根圆钢管型钢再生混凝土组合柱试件进行了低周反复荷载试验研究,考虑了再生骨料取代率、配钢率及钢管径厚比等不同设计参数的影响,分析了组合柱的地震破坏形态及滞回性能。基于组合柱的力学特征及曲线形状,提出了圆钢管型钢再生混凝土组合柱骨架曲线的三折线参数模型,采用理论推导与数据拟合的方法确定了组合柱骨架曲线的模型参数。在此基础上,给出了组合柱的滞回规则和卸载规律,构建了组合柱的恢复力模型,计算滞回曲线与试验滞回曲线吻合良好,表明该恢复力模型较好地反映了反复荷载下组合柱的受力特征点及滞回性能,可为此类组合柱的推广提供技术参考。     

Bending of rectangular flat slabs supported by four columns

In this paper an analytical solution is proposed for the bending of uniformly loaded rectangular plates supported only by four intermediate columns, the edges and corners of which are all free. For several particular cases, the numerical results, which contain the column reaction and the values for the deflection and the bending moments at several points of the plate, are given.Calculations indicate that the method proposed in this paper is valid.     

组合式十字形钢管混凝土柱偏压力学性能试验研究

设计了一种由槽钢和方形钢管拼焊形成的组合式十字形钢管混凝土柱,将其灵活地布置在框架结构的中节点,可使柱肢与填充墙等厚,有效地提高建筑使用面积。共制作了6根组合式十字形钢管混凝土柱试件,考虑了偏心距和长细比两种变化参数。通过对其进行偏心受压试验研究,考察了试件的破坏形态和荷载-挠度曲线,并分析了其在不同偏心距和长细比下的荷载-应变曲线发展规律。结果表明:组合式十字形钢管混凝土柱中钢管和槽钢对混凝土的约束作用强,表现为较高的延性系数;偏心距或长细比越大,试件的极限承载力及弹性刚度越小,且偏心距越大延性越好,长细比对延性影响不显著;在受拉侧纵向应变基本上符合平截面假定,在受压侧纵向应变不符合平截面假定。     

矩形中空夹层再生混凝土钢管短柱轴压试验研究

以截面形式、截面长宽比和混凝土类型为参数共设计了8根矩形中空夹层钢管混凝土试件,对其进行轴压实验并对其破坏形态、荷载-纵向应变关系曲线及外钢管横向应变发展规律进行分析。其中截面形式包括矩形套矩形和矩形套圆形两种,截面长宽比分别为1.25和1.5,混凝土类型包括普通混凝土和再生混凝土(再生粗骨料取代率为50%)两类。结果表明:对于截面形式相同的试件,长宽比较大者极限承载力更小,且其长边横向应变发展更快;对于长宽比相同的试件,矩形套矩形截面的试件长边横向应变发展比矩形套圆形截面的更快;混凝土类型对试件的极限承载力和破坏形态影响不大。最后运用有限元软件ABAQUS对8根短柱的轴压全过程进行模拟,并将有限元计算得到荷载-纵向应变曲线与实验实测曲线进行对比,两者吻合较好且互相验证。     

Buckling of Columns with Movable Boundaries∗

The Euler buckling problem of a slender tubular column subject to its own weight, tension or compression exerted at its top, and internal and external variable static fluid pressure is studied. This problem finds many applications in drilling and production risers, mining risers, hydraulic columns, and legs of Tension Leg Platforms. The supports at the upper end of the column are considered movable to properly simulate drill ships or platforms that support such columns. The corresponding eigenvalue problem is comprised of a fourth-order differential equation with variable coefficients and four homogeneous boundary conditions. Two methods of solution derived in previous work are implemented numerically. The first solution is expressed in terms of Airy functions of the first and second kind and the second in terms of power series. The combined results of the two methods yield the critical buckling curves over the entire domain of practical interest. The critical curves are plotted in the plane of the two loading variables for the first six buckling modes for four different sets of boundary conditions. The results reveal the dependence of the asymptotic behavior of the critical curves for long columns on the boundary conditions.     

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将双优化设计变量转化为单优化设计变量,从而建立起预应力方钢管混凝土柱的优化设计数 学模型. 利用罚函数外点法导出了优化设计变量的迭代计算公式,并给出了获得最优解的二 重迭代法计算步骤. 算例结果分析表明,本法对解决预应力方钢管混凝土柱截面优化问题, 具有概念简单,计算方便的特点,并为此类非线性规划问题提供了较好的求解途径.     

置于液面上的刚塑性圆板大挠度动力响应分析

分析了置于无旋不可压理想流体流面上的简支刚塑性圆板受矩形脉冲载荷作用的大挠度动力响应，借助Ｈａｎｋｅｌ变换，将液－固耦合作用为在空气中的圆板塑性动力响应问题，进而求解弯矩和膜力联合作用的大挠度运动方程，得到了中载及高载下各相运动的完全解，并提供了数值算例。     

Structural response of pyramidal core sandwich columns

An experimental and analytical investigation is carried out to examine the in-plane compressive response of pyramidal truss core sandwich columns. The identified failure mechanisms include Euler buckling, shear buckling and face wrinkling. The operative mechanism is dependent on the properties of the bulk material and geometry of the sandwich columns and analytical formulae are derived for each of these modes. Failure maps are constructed for sandwich columns made from an elastic ideally-plastic material and AISI 304 stainless steel which has a strongly strain hardening response. Pyramidal core sandwich columns made from 304 stainless steel have been designed using these mechanism maps and the measured responses are compared with the analytical predictions. Finally, optimal single layer and multi-layer pyramidal sandwich column designs that minimize the weight for a given load carrying capacity are calculated using the developed analytical models for the failure of the sandwich columns. The results demonstrate that pyramidal core sandwich columns outperform the currently used hat-stiffened column design.     

半刚性钢框架的内力分析

采用二阶非线性分析方法分析和设计半刚性钢框架，包括连接的柔性以及构件的几何非线性的影响，提出了半刚性钢框架中梁柱单元刚度矩阵和半刚性梁的单元刚度矩阵；推导了半刚性梁在集中荷载，均布荷载，线性荷载作用下的固端弯矩的求解公式；连接的柔性对无支撑框架的侧移有很大的影响，设计时通过变化连接的刚度以平衡梁的跨中和端弯矩。     

火灾与撞击联合作用下钢管混凝土柱力学性能研究

为研究火灾高温与撞击联合作用下钢管混凝土柱的力学性能,基于ABAQUS建立了高温作用下考虑轴力影响的钢管混凝土柱侧向撞击有限元模型。首先,对高温与撞击联合作用下考虑轴力影响的钢管混凝土柱的破坏模式与受力全过程进行了分析,探讨了高温下钢管混凝土柱的抗撞性能与工作机理;其次,重点研究了受火时间、材料强度、含钢率以及撞击能量对抗撞性能的影响,并给出了相关设计建议。研究结果表明:高温与撞击联合作用下,钢管混凝土柱主要发生受弯破坏;受火15 min后,构件抗撞性能明显降低。轴压力对构件抗撞性能产生不利影响,轴压比从0增加到0.2,受火60 min构件抗撞性能下降了7.8%;混凝土强度对高温下钢管混凝土柱抗撞性能有显著影响,受火90 min后,混凝土强度由30 MPa增加到50 MPa,构件抗撞性能提高约85%;外钢管强度与含钢率对高温下抗撞性能影响不大。     

Analytical evaluation of the elastic and plastic resistances of double symmetric rectangular hollow sections under axial force and biaxial bending

In the recent codes for the design of steel structures, the elastic–plastic methods of analysis are recognised to provide an efficient estimation of the ultimate resistance of some of these structures. These methods are usually based on some basic hypotheses, such as the creation of plastic hinges in the most stressed cross-sections, for instance.As the development of these plastic hinges depends on the interaction between the internal forces and on the cross-section shape, specific equations are required for the analysis of different types of cross-sections. However, most frequently, these equations are not available, or they are expressed by means of simplified expressions; this is usually the case when biaxial bending is involved.This paper presents new interaction criteria for the analysis of steel rectangular hollow sections subjected to an axial force and biaxial bending moments, at the elastic or the plastic limit states (as long as buckling phenomena are not involved). The plastic interaction criteria are presented, in a first step, for some particular combinations of the internal forces, such as axial loading with bending about a main axis, and biaxial bending without axial loading. Then, the global solution for the simultaneous combination of an axial force and bending moments about both the main axes of inertia are described in detail. All these plastic interaction criteria are compared with the corresponding plastic criteria adopted in the Eurocode 3 (EC3). Some suggestions are presented in order to improve the results given by these EC3 criteria.     

火灾下圆钢管混凝土柱非线性有限元分析

首先提出合理的火灾下钢管混凝土拉、压材料数值热-力耦合本构模型及相应的计算方法;然后基于连续介质力学,推导火灾下U.L.列式虚功增量方程,采用非线性梁单元理论,给出火灾下钢管混凝土柱非线性有限元方程组的求解方法,编制非线性有限元程序NACFSTLF;最后对已有火灾下钢管混凝土柱的试验资料进行双重非线性有限元分析并考察钢管混凝土柱初始缺陷对其抗火性能的影响。分析结果表明:火灾下钢管混凝土柱的轴向变形-火灾时间曲线的计算结果基本上反映钢管混凝土柱的变形特性,而计算的耐火极限基本上是试验结果的上限;同时随着火灾下柱初始缺陷的增大,相同火灾时间下柱的跨中侧向挠度变形逐渐增大,耐火极限逐渐降低,而对柱的轴向变形影响相对较小。     

Joint Flexibility Effects on Rectangular Hollow Section Vierendeel Trusses

ABSTRACT

An elastic-strain hardening material characteristic is used with the finite element method to model the behavior of Vierendeel trusses that consist of flexible branch-to-chord connections. Both chord and branch members are presumed to be rectangular hollow sections (RHS) of unequal width. Analyses have been undertaken on truss configurations consisting of either single member or double member chords placed back-to-back. Joint characteristics obtained from an earlier study are used to model the effects of flexible connections on truss load capacity and stiffness. The findings indicate that it is important to strive for high branch end moment and stiffness properties to achieve satisfactory structural performance of a girder. Punching shear effects are much less important. It is also shown that double chord trusses outperform their single chord equivalents, unless stiffening plates are employed to help achieve comparable end moments of branch members.     

横肋波纹钢板-钢管混凝土短柱轴心受压性能研究

横肋波纹钢板-钢管混凝土柱是一种新型钢管混凝土组合柱。为研究其轴心受压性能,本文以径宽比(单肢方钢管截面宽度与组合柱截面宽度的比值)为参数,开展了3根横肋波纹钢板-钢管混凝土短柱和1根普通方钢管混凝土短柱的轴心受压试验。探究了径宽比对各试件破坏模态、荷载-纵向应变曲线、承载力提高系数、延性等的影响,并与普通方钢管混凝土柱作了对比。试验研究结果表明:横肋波纹钢板与方钢管具有良好的变形协调性;相比于普通方钢管混凝土柱,横肋波纹钢板-钢管混凝土组合柱具有良好的轴压性能;随着径宽比的增加,试件的承载力及延性逐渐增大,承载力提高系数逐渐减小。在Mander模型以及有限元参数分析的基础上,建立了横肋波纹钢板-钢管混凝土组合柱轴压承载力计算公式,计算结果表明:计算值偏于安全,可为工程设计提供参考。     

冲击荷载下内衬八边形钢管空心钢筋混凝土柱的动力响应

以一种内衬八边形钢管空心钢筋混凝土柱为研究对象，在自主研发的无导轨式大型落锤试验机上，完成了3种不同边界条件、2种不同冲击高度以及2种不同轴压比的侧向冲击实验。研究了不同冲击高度、边界条件和轴压比下试件的破坏形态、冲击力时程曲线和跨中位移时程曲线，并选取一根普通空心钢筋混凝土试件与同条件的内衬钢管空心钢筋混凝土试件进行了对比。结果表明:用内衬钢管替代内置钢筋笼使得构件的抗冲击性能明显优于相应的普通空心钢筋混凝土构件，且在轴压比不超过0.3的范围内，轴压比的改变对冲击结束后本内衬八边形钢管空心钢筋混凝土试件的残余挠度影响不大。     

Measurement techniques in the testing of thin-walled structural members

The paper describes methods for measuring displacements and end moments in the testing of thin-walled columns. The complete spatial deformation of a column can be captured by using local and overall deformation measurement frames. The local frame involves spring-loaded levers and roller bearings to mount the frame on to the specimen. The overall frame slides along high-precision shafts using linear ball bearings. Fixed-ended bearings are used to measure minor and major axis bending moments as well as the applied load. The bearings allow the line of action of the applied force to be determined.     

Sliding a body on snow

Snow is considered as an ideal nonlinear elastoplastic medium. A body performs planeparallel motion on snow. The area of its contact with snow is a part of a rectangular plate. The contact zone changes during the motion of the body. Steady motions are found from the derived equations of motion in the case when the constant external forces and the moment exerted on the body are given. The inverse problem of determining the forces and moments is solved for a given steady motion of a vehicle.     

Creep-bending facility and tests on large specimens

A creep-bending facility for large specimens is described herein. Some initial results of elastic-creep and elastic-plastic-creep tests on rectangular stainless-steel beams are presented. The beams are subjected to equal-and-opposite end moments at temperatures up to 1200°F in the 8-cu-ft capacity test facility. Initial test results are indicated.     

CFRP与角钢复合加固钢筋混凝土中长柱的受力分析

通过9根外包角钢与碳纤维布复合加固钢筋混凝土中长柱轴心受压试验,把复合加固柱核心混凝土分成有效约束区和弱约束区,研究了有效约束区和弱约束区混凝土的本构关系．在此基础上,把柱截面划分成若干计算单元,编制了全过程分析程序进行数值模拟计算．研究表明,计算结果与试验结果吻合较好,可为工程应用提供参考．     

侧向撞击荷载作用下内八边形空心钢筋混凝土柱的动力响应

相比于实心钢筋混凝土柱，空心钢筋混凝土柱具有自重轻和截面扩展好等优点，被广泛地用作桥墩，由此其不可避免地会受到船舶的撞击。本文中进行6根内八边形空心钢筋混凝土柱和4根内衬八边形钢管空心钢筋混凝土柱的动力响应的实验。在实验中记录了构件破坏形态、撞击力时程曲线和跨中位移时程曲线，并从撞击高度、边界条件和钢板厚度等方面分析了构件的耐撞性能。结果表明:内八边形钢筋混凝土柱和内衬八边形钢管空心钢筋混凝土柱在撞击荷载作用下的破坏形态主要分为两种破坏类型，分别为局部型破坏和整体型破坏；撞击高度越大构件破坏越严重；两端固定对构件的耐撞击性能有提升作用；钢管厚度对构件的耐撞击性能有较明显的提升作用。