Orthogonal properties for a typical class of hypergeometric functions

We present three orthogonal properties for a typical class of hypergeometric functions. We employ orthogonal properties to generate a theory concerning infinite series expansions involving our hypergeometric functions.     

Spatiospectral concentration of vector fields on a sphere

We construct spherical vector bases that are bandlimited and spatially concentrated, or, alternatively, spacelimited and spectrally concentrated, suitable for the analysis and representation of real-valued vector fields on the surface of the unit sphere, as arises in the natural and biomedical sciences, and engineering. Building on the original approach of Slepian, Landau, and Pollak we concentrate the energy of our function bases into arbitrarily shaped regions of interest on the sphere, and within certain bandlimits in the vector spherical-harmonic domain. As with the concentration problem for scalar functions on the sphere, which has been treated in detail elsewhere, a Slepian vector basis can be constructed by solving a finite-dimensional algebraic eigenvalue problem. The eigenvalue problem decouples into separate problems for the radial and tangential components. For regions with advanced symmetry such as polar caps, the spectral concentration kernel matrix is very easily calculated and block-diagonal, lending itself to efficient diagonalization. The number of spatiospectrally well-concentrated vector fields is well estimated by a Shannon number that only depends on the area of the target region and the maximal spherical-harmonic degree or bandwidth. The spherical Slepian vector basis is doubly orthogonal, both over the entire sphere and over the geographic target region. Like its scalar counterparts it should be a powerful tool in the inversion, approximation and extension of bandlimited fields on the sphere: vector fields such as gravity and magnetism in the earth and planetary sciences, or electromagnetic fields in optics, antenna theory and medical imaging.     

Complete Orthogonal Appell Systems for Spherical Monogenics

In this paper, we investigate properties of Gelfand–Tsetlin bases mainly for spherical monogenics, that is, for spinor valued or Clifford algebra valued homogeneous solutions of the Dirac equation in the Euclidean space. Recently it has been observed that in dimension 3 these bases form an Appell system. We show that Gelfand–Tsetlin bases of spherical monogenics form complete orthogonal Appell systems in any dimension. Moreover, we study the corresponding Taylor series expansions for monogenic functions. We obtain analogous results for spherical harmonics as well.     

Orthorecursive Fourier-Stieltjes expansions

Orthorecursive Fourier-Stieltjes expansions are defined, and two examples of expansions are considered. The first example deals with orthogonal systems of functions (which include the Haar system as a particular case), and properties of Fourier-Stieltjes expansions in these systems are proved. It is pointed out that in the case of the Haar system, the integrated Fourier-Stieltjes expansion of a continuous function coincides, up to a constant, with the Faber-Schauder series expansion. The second example deals with nonorthogonal systems of functions that are structurally related to the earlier considered orthogonal systems. Properties of orthorecursive Fourier-Stieltjes expansions in these systems are established.     

Vectorial Slepian Functions on the Ball

Abstract

Due to the uncertainty principle, a function cannot be simultaneously limited in space as well as in frequency. The idea of Slepian functions, in general, is to find functions that are at least optimally spatio-spectrally localized. Here, we are looking for Slepian functions which are suitable for the representation of real-valued vector fields on a three-dimensional ball. We work with diverse vectorial bases on the ball which all consist of Jacobi polynomials and vector spherical harmonics. Such basis functions occur in the singular value decomposition of some tomographic inverse problems in geophysics and medical imaging. Our aim is to find band-limited vector fields that are well-localized in a part of a cone whose apex is situated in the origin. Following the original approach towards Slepian functions, the optimization problem can be transformed into a finite-dimensional algebraic eigenvalue problem. The entries of the corresponding matrix are treated analytically as far as possible. For the remaining integrals, numerical quadrature formulae have to be applied. The eigenvalue problem decouples into a normal and a tangential problem. The number of well-localized vector fields can be estimated by a Shannon number which mainly depends on the maximal radial and angular degree of the basis functions as well as the size of the localization region. We show numerical examples of vectorial Slepian functions on the ball, which demonstrate the good localization of these functions and the accurate estimate of the Shannon number.     

Fourier–Padé Approximants for Nikishin Systems

We study type I Fourier–Padé approximation for certain systems of functions formed by the Cauchy transform of finite Borel measures supported on bounded intervals of the real line. This construction is similar to type I Hermite–Padé approximation. Instead of power series expansions of the functions in the system, we take their development in a series of orthogonal polynomials. We give the exact rate of convergence of the corresponding approximants. The answer is expressed in terms of the extremal solution of an associated vector-valued equilibrium problem for the logarithmic potential.      

Slepian半小波基函数及其在无线通讯信号概率密度估计中的应用

文[20]引进了Slepian半小波基函数并讨论了这组基在概率度估计核方法中的应用[21]，Slepian半小波基函数具有极好的性质．包括多重尺度结构和局部非负性．更值得指出的是．与Gauss核不同，Slepian函数是与无线信号类似的具有平滑谱的有限带宽函数．在所有相同带宽的函数中．Slepian函数在特定的时同区域上具有最大能量．在逼近具有平滑谱的无线信号中．这些特性使得Slepian半小波核与Gauss核以及其他小波基相比具有潜在的优越性．美中不足的是．和其他核密度估计一样．Slepian核密度估计的算法设计具有一定的挑战性．幸运的是．我们注意到Slepian核可以被表示成卷积形式．这一观察具有重要的计算意义．本文主要讨论Slephn核密度估计的应用及其计算．我们首先设计了基于离散卷积的算法并讨论了这一算法的有效性．在文章的结尾，以Slepian核密度估计作为具有平滑谱的远程信号的衰减包络的模型为例．我们考查了Slepian核及其算法的性质．为了尝试数学理论与应用的紧密联系，本文的数值试验不仅采用了模拟数据而且包括了从无线通讯用户的硬件直接采集的实际数据．     

Karhunen–Loève expansion for additive Slepian processes

For Gaussian random fields defined as additive processes based on Slepian processes, we study their Karhunen–Loève expansions and obtain the Pythagorean type distribution identities. As applications, the corresponding small deviation estimates are given.     

The Gibbs phenomenon for series of orthogonal polynomials

This note considers the four classes of orthogonal polynomials – Chebyshev, Hermite, Laguerre, Legendre – and investigates the Gibbs phenomenon at a jump discontinuity for the corresponding orthogonal polynomial series expansions. The perhaps unexpected thing is that the Gibbs constant that arises for each class of polynomials appears to be the same as that for Fourier series expansions. Each class of polynomials has features which are interesting numerically. Finally a plausibility argument is included showing that this phenomenon for the Gibbs constants should not have been unexpected. These findings suggest further investigations suitable for undergraduate research projects or small group investigations.     

On the uniform convergence of the Fourier series for a spectral problem with squared spectral parameter in a boundary condition

We analyze the uniform convergence of the Fourier series expansions of Hölder functions in the system of eigenfunctions of a spectral problem with squared spectral parameter in a boundary condition. To this end, we first prove a theorem on the equiconvergence of such expansions with those in a well-known orthonormal basis.     

Gibbs' phenomenon for sampling series and what to do about it

Gibbs' phenomenon occurs for most orthogonal wavelet expansions. It is also shown to occur with many wavelet interpolating series, and a characterization is given. By introducing modifications in such a series, it can be avoided. However, some series that exhibit Gibbs' phenomenon for orthogonal series do not for the associated sampling series.     

Constructing prolate spheroidal quaternion wave functions on the sphere

Over the last years, considerable attention has been paid to the role of the prolate spheroidal wave functions (PSWFs) introduced in the early sixties by D. Slepian and H.O. Pollak to many practical signal and image processing problems. The PSWFs and their applications to wave phenomena modeling, fluid dynamics, and filter design played a key role in this development. In this paper, we introduce the prolate spheroidal quaternion wave functions (PSQWFs), which refine and extend the PSWFs. The PSQWFs are ideally suited to study certain questions regarding the relationship between quaternionic functions and their Fourier transforms. We show that the PSQWFs are orthogonal and complete over two different intervals: the space of square integrable functions over a finite interval and the three‐dimensional Paley–Wiener space of bandlimited functions. No other system of classical generalized orthogonal functions is known to possess this unique property. We illustrate how to apply the PSQWFs for the quaternionic Fourier transform to analyze Slepian's energy concentration problem. We address all of the aforementioned and explore some basic facts of the arising quaternionic function theory. We conclude the paper by computing the PSQWFs restricted in frequency to the unit sphere. The representation of these functions in terms of generalized spherical harmonics is explicitly given, from which several fundamental properties can be derived. As an application, we provide the reader with plot simulations that demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Strong asymptotics of the recurrence coefficients of orthogonal polynomials associated to the generalized Jacobi weight

We study asymptotics of the recurrence coefficients of orthogonal polynomials associated to the generalized Jacobi weight, which is a weight function with a finite number of algebraic singularities on [−1,1]. The recurrence coefficients can be written in terms of the solution of the corresponding Riemann–Hilbert (RH) problem for orthogonal polynomials. Using the steepest descent method of Deift and Zhou, we analyze the RH problem, and obtain complete asymptotic expansions of the recurrence coefficients. We will determine explicitly the order 1/n terms in the expansions. A critical step in the analysis of the RH problem will be the local analysis around the algebraic singularities, for which we use Bessel functions of appropriate order. In addition, the RH approach gives us also strong asymptotics of the orthogonal polynomials near the algebraic singularities in terms of Bessel functions.     

ON THE DEGREE OF APPROXIMATION BY WAVELET EXPANSIONS

In this paper we estimate the degree of approximation of wavelet expansions. Our result shows that the degree has the exponential decay for function f(x) ∈ L2 continuous in a finite interval (a,b) which is much superior to those of approximation by polynomial operators and by expansions of classical orthogonal series.     

Estimates of the local convergence rate of spectral expansions for even-order differential operators

We study the convergence rate of biorthogonal series expansions of functions in systems of root functions of a wide class of even-order ordinary differential operators defined on a finite interval. These expansions are compared with the trigonometric Fourier series expansions of the same functions in the integral or uniform metric on an arbitrary interior compact set of the main interval as well as on the entire interval. We show the dependence of the equiconvergence rate of these expansions on the distance from the compact set to the boundary of the interval, on the coefficients of the differential operation, and on the existence of infinitely many associated functions in the system of root functions.     

Calculus on the Sierpinski gasket I: polynomials, exponentials and power series

We study the analog of power series expansions on the Sierpinski gasket, for analysis based on the Kigami Laplacian. The analog of polynomials are multiharmonic functions, which have previously been studied in connection with Taylor approximations and splines. Here the main technical result is an estimate of the size of the monomials analogous to xⁿ/n!. We propose a definition of entire analytic functions as functions represented by power series whose coefficients satisfy exponential growth conditions that are stronger than what is required to guarantee uniform convergence. We present a characterization of these functions in terms of exponential growth conditions on powers of the Laplacian of the function. These entire analytic functions enjoy properties, such as rearrangement and unique determination by infinite jets, that one would expect. However, not all exponential functions (eigenfunctions of the Laplacian) are entire analytic, and also many other natural candidates, such as the heat kernel, do not belong to this class. Nevertheless, we are able to use spectral decimation to study exponentials, and in particular to create exponentially decaying functions for negative eigenvalues.     

Asymptotics of orthogonal polynomials with asymptotic Freud-like weights

We derive uniform asymptotic expansions for polynomials orthogonal with respect to a class of weight functions that are real analytic and behave asymptotically like the Freud weight at infinity. Although the limiting zero distributions are the same as in the Freud cases, the asymptotic expansions are different due to the fact that the weight functions may have a finite or infinite number of zeros on the imaginary axis. To resolve the singularities caused by these zeros, an auxiliary function is introduced in the Riemann–Hilbert analysis. Asymptotic formulas are established in several regions covering the whole complex plane. We take the continuous dual Hahn polynomials as an example to illustrate our main results. Some numerical verifications are also given.     

The dual multivariate Charlier and Edgeworth expansions

The Charlier differential series for distribution and density functions is the foundation for the Edgeworth expansions of distribution and density functions of sample estimators. Here, we give two forms of these expansions for multivariate distributions using multivariate Bell polynomials. Two forms arise because the multivariate Hermite polynomials have a dual form. These dual forms for the multivariate Charlier and Edgeworth expansions appear to be new.     

Bilateral generating functions for Jacobi polynomials

In this paper, we have obtained three theorems on generating functions. We derive from these theorems a large number of bilateral generating functions for Jacobi polynomials. Certain interesting expansions of triple hypergeometric series are also obtained from one of the theorems.     

Zagier-type dualities and lifting maps for harmonic Maass-Jacobi forms

The real-analytic Jacobi forms of Zwegers' PhD thesis play an important role in the study of mock theta functions and related topics, but have not been part of a rigorous theory yet. In this paper, we introduce harmonic Maass-Jacobi forms, which include the classical Jacobi forms as well as Zwegers' functions as examples. Maass-Jacobi-Poincaré series also provide prime examples. We compute their Fourier expansions, which yield Zagier-type dualities and also yield a lift to skew-holomorphic Jacobi-Poincaré series. Finally, we link harmonic Maass-Jacobi forms to different kinds of automorphic forms via a commutative diagram.