Sum Squeezing, Difference Squeezing, Higher-Order Antibunching and Entanglement of Two-Mode Photon-Added Displaced Squeezed States

In this paper, we study some higher-order nonclassical properties and intermodal entanglement that may arise in the so called two-mode photon-added displaced squeezed state. We derive analytical expressions for the degree of sum squeezing and difference squeezing, which are interesting kinds of two-mode squeezing, as well as for the degree of antibunching to any orders. We also examine the degree of entanglement between the two modes using the existing Hillery-Zubairy criterion. Based on the derived expressions we analyze in detail the behavior of these nonclassical effects and entanglement depending on the parameters involved.     

纠缠相干态及其非经典特性

通过引入正交基矢，连续变量形式的纠缠相干态转化成分立形式，然后用concurrence方法计算了纠缠度，同时研究了其非经典效应(压缩效应，反聚束效应).发现纠缠总是伴随着压缩效应和反聚束效应两者之一，并随相应非经典效应的增大而增大. 关键词： 纠缠 非经典效应 concurrence     

相空间中对称的纠缠相干态及其非经典特性

研究相空间中对称的纠缠相干态, 通过引入正交基矢, 利用concurrence方法计算了纠缠度, 研究了它们的单、双模压缩以及反聚束效应. 数值计算表明, 相空间中对称的纠缠相干态与非经典效应之间存在着密切的联系. 关键词： 纠缠相干态 concurrence 非经典效应     

All-optical limiting using nonlinear directional couplers composed of a self-focusing and a self-defocusing waveguide

We numerically demonstrate the all-optical limiting features in a mismatched nonlinear directional coupler (NLDC) composed of a self-focusing and a self-defocusing waveguide for both continuous wave and pulse cases. The working conditions required are analyzed. To obtain the limiting feature, the propagation constant of the self-focusing waveguide should not be larger than that of the self-defocusing waveguide. Cascaded asymmetric NLDCs are investigated to improve the limiting characteristics. The limiting threshold and the limiting output power can be adjusted by varying the coupler length or the ratio of the nonlinearity coefficients of the self-defocusing and self-focusing waveguides. Analytical solutions are presented in the case of a continuous wave. For the pulse case, numerical solutions show that the top part of the output pulse, if it exceeds the limiting threshold, will be tailored, while the rising and falling edges of the output pulse are almost the same as the input pulse. There is almost no pulse breakup. The influence of the second order dispersion and the intermodal dispersion on the limiting characteristics are analyzed. PACS 42.79.Gn; 42.79.Ta     

INFLUENCE OF ENTANGLEMENT DEGREE ON SQUEEZING AND PHOTON ANTIBUNCHING IN THE JAYNES-CUMMINGS MODEL

We consider the case that one of entangled atoms interacts with a single-mode cavity field. The atom is selectively detected after exiting the cavity, and it is found that the nonclassical properties of field states depend strongly on the entanglement degree between the two atoms. Meanwhile it is proven that squeezing of field and photon antibunching can be greatly enhanced via selective atomic measurements.     

四能级原子与双模腔场相互作用中的非线性效应

本文研究了一串级型四能级原子与双模腔场的相互作用,其中位于下方的模2腔场初始时刻不存在。计算表明,在一定的条件下,模2腔场的动力学行为中存在着长时间的深压缩现象或场复振幅算符两个正交分量的交替压缩现象,存在着强烈的反聚束效应以及强烈的超聚束效应,而且压缩与超聚束效应之间有一定的对应关系,非经典的压缩态和反聚束效应能够同时出现。模2腔场的这些非线性效应与复杂的叠加态有关。 关键词：     

纠缠相干态的压缩特性

研究纠缠相干态的量子纠缠特性和压缩特性。计算和分析了纠缠相干态的纠缠度和单模、双模压缩特性。讨论了纠缠和压缩二种非经典效应的关系，发现可以通过操纵纠缠度来达到增加或减弱压缩的目的。并指出了单模压缩和双模压缩表现出完全不同的特性。     

Optical Code Generating Device Using 1×N Asymmetric Hollow Waveguide Couplers

An optical code generating device for security access system application is presented. The code generating device constructed using asymmetric hollow optical waveguide coupler design provides a unique series of output light intensities which are successively used as an optical code. The design of the waveguide is made using two major components which are asymmetric Yjunction splitter and a linear taper. Waveguiding is done using a hollow waveguide structure. Construction of higher level 1×N hollow waveguide coupler is done utilizing a basic 1×2 asymmetric waveguide coupler design together with a cascaded design scheme. Nonsequential ray tracing of the asymmetric hollow optical waveguide couplers is performed to predict the optical transmission properties of the waveguide. A representation of the code combination that can be generated from the device is obtained using combinatory number theory.     

一种双模压缩微波制备的相位锁定方案

相位锁定是双模压缩微波制备的关键问题之一.针对基于超导180°混合环的制备方案相位稳定度不高且信息处理复杂等问题,提出一种相位锁定方案.对约瑟夫森参量放大器的信号输入进行相位调制,输出的单模压缩微波与另一未调制的同频单模压缩微波在超导180°混合环内干涉,实现双模压缩微波的制备与路径分离.将未调制的单模压缩微波与一路双模压缩微波混频,解调出相位调制信号可得到两路单模压缩微波的相对相位及误差,将相位误差反馈于约瑟夫森参量放大器的抽运实现相对相位的锁定,获得稳定的双模压缩输出.本研究对高性能纠缠微波源的设计提供了理论参考.     

基于光子计数的纠缠微波压缩角锁定

针对基于超导180°混合环的纠缠微波制备方案探测效率低、信息处理难以及控制复杂等问题,设计了基于微波光子计数的压缩角锁定方案.对超导180°混合环的输出信号进行微波光子计数,通过贝叶斯准则估计输入压缩态微波场的相对压缩角,并将压缩角校正信息反馈于约瑟夫森参量放大器抽运源,调整两路单模压缩态微波场的相对压缩角为180°,达到控制输出纠缠性能最优的目的.该研究为路径纠缠微波的纠缠性能的提升以及高质量纠缠微波源的设计提供了理论参考.     

多光子非线性过程中的振幅平方压缩

本文研究了多光子非线性光学过程中的振幅平方压缩,证明了K光子么正算符Sk(z)(K>2)对非真空相干态的作用在—级近似下会产生振幅平方压缩.以及Sk(z)(K>2,K≠4)对真空态的作用不会产生振幅平方压缩.发现4个光子么正算符S4(z)对真空态的作用可以产生振幅平方压缩,这表明振幅平方压缩是一种独立于二阶压缩、反聚束以及亚泊松统计分布的新的光场非经典效应.     

Manipulating Nonclassicality via Quantum State Engineering Processes: Vacuum Filtration and Single Photon Addition

The effect of two quantum state engineering processes that can be used to burn a hole at vacuum in the photon number distribution of quantum states of radiation field is compared using various witnesses of lower- and higher-order nonclassicality as well as a measure of nonclassicality. Specifically, the modification in nonclassical properties due to vacuum state filtration and a single photon addition on an even coherent state, binomial state, and Kerr state are investigated using the criteria of lower- and higher-order antibunching, squeezing, and sub-Poissonian photon statistics. Further, the amount of nonclassicality present in these engineered quantum states having enormous applications in continuous variable quantum communication is quantified and analyzed by using an linear entropy-based entanglement potential. It is observed that all the quantum states studied here are highly nonclassical, and the hole-burning processes can introduce/enhance nonclassical features. However, it is not true in general. A hole at vacuum implies a maximally nonclassical state (as far as Lee's nonclassical depth is concerned), but a particular process of hole burning at vacuum does not ensure the existence of any particular nonclassical feature. Specifically, lower- and higher-order squeezing are not observed for photon-added and vacuum filtered even coherent states.     

Nonclassicality in off-resonant Raman process

The detuning parameter in experimentally feasible off-resonant Raman process is shown as a control parameter to probe and enhance the nonclassicality generated in the output of the process. Specifically, the normal characteristic function is obtained for the process as a function of detuning parameters in Stokes and anti-Stokes generation processes using more general solution than the conventional short-time solution under complete quantum treatment, which remains in the multimode Gaussian form. Single- and two-mode squeezing and antibunching as well as intermodal entanglement are reported in terms of experimentally accessible quantum noise fluctuations considering either phonon mode coherent or chaotic. Further, the joint photon-phonon number and integrated intensity distributions reveal a higher number of Stokes-phonon (pump-phonon) pair generation for the lower (higher) values of detuning parameter in Stokes generation. Pump-phonon pair generation is also supported by the lower values of detuning parameter in anti-Stokes generation.     

Factors influencing entanglement of two excitons in a coupled exciton-photon system

The relation between the excitonic purity and the concurrence in a system of two coupled large semiconduction quantum dots mediated by a single-mode cavity field is investigated by using linear entropy theory. The results show the difference in describing two modes of excitonic entanglement between linear entropy and concurrence. The relation between nonclassical property of cavity field and the entanglement degree of excitons is also discussed. The results show that two modes of exciton can reach maximal entanglement when the cavity exhibits an antibunching effect.     

数态的叠加态的制备及其非经典特性

本文探讨了在双光子Jaynes-Cummings模型中如何通过对原子的操纵和选择性测量相结合而分别得到具有正交相位压缩、振幅平方压缩、亚泊松光子统计及高阶反聚束效应等不同非经典特性的数态的叠加态.     

On the relations of antibunching,sub-poissonian statistics and squeezing

The squeezing phenomenon is investigated in optical parametric processes and in Raman and hyper-Raman scattering. It is related to the antibunching effect and the sub-poissonian statistics of optical fields in these processes, and it is demonstrated that squeezing accompanies antibunching very often, but not always. In some cases squeezing may occur and antibunching may not and vice versa.     

两腔级联纠缠增强的理论分析

高纠缠度的纠缠源是实现高保真度量子信息传输与处理的保障,因为受到光学元器件自身性能不完美的限制,通过有效的操控手段来提高光场的纠缠度是十分必要的.连续变量Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen纠缠态光场可以利用工作在阈值以下的非简并光学参量放大器来获得.将两个非简并光学参量放大器级联,可以利用第二个光学腔来操控第一个光学腔输出的纠缠态光场,在一定条件下实现光场的纠缠增强.本文通过理论分析设计出两种光学腔级联的实验系统,其中,纠缠产生装置采用具有三共振结构的半整块驻波腔,输出到目前为止世界上单腔获得两组份纠缠态光场纠缠度的最高值,操控光学腔采用驻波腔或四镜环形腔的结构.详细对比分析了不同结构的操控腔对纠缠增强效果的影响,得出利用不同腔形作为操控腔的最佳实验方案.同时分析了级联腔输出光场的纠缠度随不同物理参量的变化关系,得出进一步优化的最佳实验系统参量,为实验获得更高纠缠度的纠缠态光场提供了依据.     

利用置于光腔中的非线性耦合器制备压缩和连续变量纠缠光

利用置于光腔中的非线性耦合器制备了压缩和连续变量纠缠光.通过特征函数方法解析求解了双模腔场满足的主方程.分析发现：在一定的条件下,此系统能产生稳定的双模压缩和连续变量纠缠光,且压缩和纠缠的强度与系统的耦合参量及腔场损耗系数密切相关.     

一种双模叠加态光场的两种非线性高阶压缩效应

本文在发展现有理论的基础上提出了双模及多模辐射场的两种非线性高阶压缩(即N次方Y压缩和N次方H压缩)的定义,根据量子力学中的线性叠加原理构造了一美双模叠加志光场|ψ>,对|ψ>的N次方Y压缩及N次方H压缩效应进行了详细研究.结果表明:双模叠加态光场|ψ>是一种典型的非经典光场,它可具有任意阶的N次方Y压缩及N次方H压缩效应;并且,在一定的条件下,这两种非线性高阶压缩效应均可呈现出周期性变化的特性.文献7的单模辐射场振幅N次方压缩的定义,仅仅是本文所提出的N次方Y压缩和N次方H压缩这两种非线性高阶压缩的一般定义在k=1条件下的特例.