具有组合非线性阻尼的非线性能量阱振动抑制响应分析

非线性能量阱是一种振动能量吸收装置,其在结构振动抑制中具有十分重要的作用.文章对具有组合非线性阻尼非线性能量阱的系统进行振动抑制相关的分析.首先对具有组合非线性阻尼非线性能量阱的系统进行理论模型的描述,对系统模型的运动方程利用复变量平均法进行推导,得到系统的慢变方程.其次对系统的慢变方程运用多尺度法进行强调制响应的分析,通过对系统进行慢不变流形和相轨迹的研究,描述系统强调制响应发生的条件基础.此外,还利用一维映射对系统进行分析,揭示外激励幅值对强调制响应存在时频率失谐系数取值区间的影响规律.最后利用能量谱、时间响应和庞加莱映射对耦合组合非线性阻尼非线性能量阱系统进行了振动抑制的相关研究,揭示组合非线性阻尼的非线性能量阱不同阻尼比、阻尼和刚度对其振动抑制效果的影响规律,得出组合非线性阻尼非线性能量阱和主结构响应存在一致性的现象,并验证所提出的组合非线性阻尼非线性能量阱模型具有较好的振动抑制能力.     

Resonance captures and targeted energy transfers in an inertially-coupled rotational nonlinear energy sink

We explore the conservative and dissipative dynamics of a two-degree-of-freedom (2-DoF) system consisting of a linear oscillator and a lightweight nonlinear rotator inertially coupled to it. When the total energy of the system is large enough, the motion of the rotator is, generically, chaotic. Moreover, we show that if the damping of the rotator is sufficiently small and the damping of the linear oscillator is even smaller, then the system passes through a cascade of resonance captures (transient internal resonances) as the total energy gradually decreases. Rather unexpectedly, all these captures have the same principal frequency but correspond to different nonlinear normal modes (NNMs). In each NNM, the rotator is phase-locked into periodic motion with two frequencies. The NNMs differ by the ratio of these frequencies, which is approximately an integer for each NNM. Essentially non-integer ratios lead to incommensurate periods of ??slow?? and ??fast?? motions of the rotator and, thus, to its chaotic behavior between successive resonance captures. Furthermore, we show that these cascades of resonance captures lead to targeted energy transfer (TET) from the linear oscillator to the rotator, with the latter serving, in essence, as a nonlinear energy sink (NES). Since the inertially-coupled NES that we consider has no linearized natural frequency, it is capable of engaging in resonance with the linear oscillator over broad frequency and energy ranges. The results presented herein indicate that the proposed rotational NES appears to be a promising design for broadband shock mitigation and vibration energy harvesting.     

Nonlinear vibration energy harvesting with adjustable stiffness,damping and inertia

A novel nonlinear structure with adjustable stiffness, damping and inertia is proposed and studied for vibration energy harvesting. The system consists of an adjustable-inertia system and X-shaped supporting structures. The novelty of the adjustable-inertia design is to enhance the mode coupling property between two orthogonal motion directions, i.e., the translational and rotational directions, which is very helpful for the improvement of the vibration energy harvesting performance. Weakly nonlinear stiffness and damping characteristics can be introduced by the X-shaped supporting structures. Combining the mode coupling effect above and the nonlinear stiffness and damping characteristics of the X-shaped structures, the vibration energy harvesting performance can be significantly enhanced, in both the low frequency range and broadband spectrum. The proposed 2-DOF nonlinear vibration energy harvesting structure can outperform the corresponding 2-DOF linear system and the existing nonlinear harvesting systems. The results in this study provide a novel and effective method for passive structure design of vibration energy harvesting systems to improve efficiency in the low frequency range.     

On nonlinear water waves under a light wind and Landau type equations near the stability threshold

Various mechanisms of nonlinear saturation of water wave growth under the action of a light wind are discussed. The unstable wind may be saturated by nonlinear dissipation due to the energy transfer to the damping harmonics of the wave. Other nonlinear saturation mechanisms: nonlinear frequency shift, self-modulation or self-focusing of a wave packet may be effective in certain wavenumber regions. In case the wind speed is close to the critical one, an equation is derived for the complex wave amplitude. This equation describes all these nonlinear effects in near-critical systems. In the one-dimensional case this is the nonlinear Shrödinger equation with complex coefficients. Its solutions under various conditions are discussed.     

Nonlinear dynamic response of axially moving,stretched viscoelastic strings

The dynamical response of axially moving, partially supported, stretched viscoelastic belts is investigated analytically in this paper. The Kelvin–Voigt viscoelastic material model is considered and material, not partial, time derivative is employed in the viscoelastic constitutive relation. The string is considered as a three part system: one part resting on a nonlinear foundation and two that are free to vibrate. The tension in the belt span is assumed to vary periodically over a mean value (as it occurs in real mechanisms), and the corresponding equation of motion is derived by applying Newton’s second law of motion for an infinitesimal element of the string. The method of multiple scales is applied to the governing equation of motion, and nonlinear natural frequencies and complex eigenfunctions of the system are obtained analytically. Regarding the resonance case, the limit-cycle of response is formulated analytically. Finally, the effects of system parameters such as axial speed, excitation characteristics, viscousity and foundation modulus on the dynamical response, natural frequencies and bifurcation points of system are presented.     

简谐激励下黏弹性非线性能量阱的研究

黏弹性材料作为一种良好的减振材料,广泛应用于机械、航空和土木等领域.本文用黏弹性Maxwell器件代替传统非线性能量阱中的阻尼元件,提出一种新型的黏弹性非线性能量阱,并对该模型在简谐激励下的减振性能进行分析.首先,根据牛顿第二定律建立系统的动力学方程,采用谐波平衡法求解系统的幅频响应曲线,并利用MATLAB中的Runge-Kutta数值方法验证解析解的正确性,结果吻合良好.然后,分析黏弹性非线性能量阱的减振性能和参数的影响.最后,分析了不同质量比下非线性刚度比和阻尼比同时变化时减振效果的变化趋势,并讨论了黏弹性非线性能量阱的最佳取值范围.研究结果表明:主系统的最大振幅随着非线性刚度的增加先减小后增大;当参数选取恰当时,黏弹性非线性能量阱比传统非线性能量阱的减振效果更优;另外,随着质量比的增加,主系统最大振幅的最小值出现先减小后趋于不变的现象,且非线性刚度比和阻尼比的最佳取值范围有所增大.以上结论对黏弹性非线性能量阱的实际应用提供了一定的理论依据.     

Generalized Viscoelastic 1-DOF Deterministic Nonlinear Oscillators

The theory of deterministic generalized viscoelastic linear and nonlinear 1-D oscillators is formulated and evaluated. Examples of viscoelastic Duffing, Mathieu, Rayleigh, Roberts and van der Pol oscillators and pendulum responses are investigated. Material behavior as well as additional effects of structural damping on oscillator performance are also considered. Computational protocols are developed and their results are discussed to determine the influence of viscoelastic and structural (Coulomb friction) damping on oscillator motion. Illustrative examples show that the inclusion of linear or nonlinear viscoelastic material properties significantly affects oscillator responses as related to amplitudes, phase shifts and energy loses when compared to equivalent elastic ones.     

Dynamics of a spacecraft with large flexible appendage constrained by multi-strut passive damper

This paper is concerned with the dynamics of a spacecraft with multi-strut passive damper for large flexible appendage.The damper platform is connected to the spacecraft by a spheric hinge,multiple damping struts and a rigid strut.The damping struts provide damping forces while the rigid strut produces a motion constraint of the multibody system.The exact nonlinear dynamical equations in reducedorder form are firstly derived by using Kane’s equation in matrix form.Based on the assumptions of small velocity and small displacement,the nonlinear equations are reduced to a set of linear second-order differential equations in terms of independent generalized displacements with constant stiffness matrix and damping matrix related to the damping strut parameters.Numerical simulation results demonstrate the damping effectiveness of the damper for both the motion of the spacecraft and the vibration of the flexible appendage,and verify the accuracy of the linear equations against the exact nonlinear ones.     

Bifurcation and chaos analysis of multistage planetary gear train

A nonlinear time-varying dynamic model for a multistage planetary gear train, considering time-varying meshing stiffness, nonlinear error excitation, and piece-wise backlash nonlinearities, is formulated. Varying dynamic motions are obtained by solving the dimensionless equations of motion in general coordinates by using the varying-step Gill numerical integration method. The influences of damping coefficient, excitation frequency, and backlash on bifurcation and chaos properties of the system are analyzed through dynamic bifurcation diagram, time history, phase trajectory, Poincaré map, and power spectrum. It shows that the multi-stage planetary gear train system has various inner nonlinear dynamic behaviors because of the coupling of gear backlash and time-varying meshing stiffness. As the damping coefficient increases, the dynamic behavior of the system transits to an increasingly stable periodic motion, which demonstrates that a higher damping coefficient can suppress a nonperiodic motion and thereby improve its dynamic response. The motion state of the system changes into chaos in different ways of period doubling bifurcation, and Hopf bifurcation.     

多种非线性力作用下不平衡弹性转子的分岔特性

研究了4自由度不平衡弹性转子在非线性油膜力、非线性内阻力和非线性弹性力联合作用下的动力学特性。结果表明，当只有非线性油膜力作用时，转子只存在由于油膜失稳而导致的倍周期分岔。而当非线性油膜力与非线性内阻力共同作用时，在油膜失稳后，转子产生低频振动。转速继续增加，还会诱发内阻失稳，产生概周期运动。在倍周期分岔中，存在分岔激变现象。本文发现的由于油膜涡动而导致的内阻失稳(概周期运动)是一种未见报道的转子失稳模式(组合失稳)，它与油膜失稳(倍周期运动)一起可作为转子故障诊断的典型失稳模式。     

Nonlinear dynamic analysis of a quarter vehicle system with external periodic excitation

In this paper, a nonlinear dynamic model of a quarter vehicle with nonlinear spring and damping is established. The dynamic characteristics of the vehicle system with external periodic excitation are theoretically investigated by the incremental harmonic balance method and Newmark method, and the accuracy of the incremental harmonic balance method is verified by comparing with the result of Newmark method. The influences of the damping coefficient, excitation amplitude and excitation frequency on the dynamic responses are analyzed. The results show that the vibration behaviors of the vehicle system can be control by adjusting appropriately system parameters with the damping coefficient, excitation amplitude and excitation frequency. The multi-valued properties, spur-harmonic response and hardening type nonlinear behavior are revealed in the presented amplitude-frequency curves. With the changing parameters, the transformation of chaotic motion, quasi-periodic motion and periodic motion is also observed. The conclusions can provide some available evidences for the design and improvement of the vehicle system.     

Stable response of low-gravity liquid non-linear sloshing in a circle cylindrical tank

Under pitch excitation,the sloshing of liquid in circular cylindrical tank includes planar motion,rotary motion and rotary motion inside planar motion.The boundaries between stable motion and unstable motion depend on the radius of the tank,the liquid height,the gravitational intension,the surface tensor and the sloshing damping.In this article,the differential equations of nonlinear sloshing are built first. And by variational principle,the Lagrange function of liquid pressure is constructed in volume intergration form.Then the velocity potential function is expanded in series by wave height function at the free surface.The nonlinear equations with kinematics and dynamics free surface boundary conditions through variation are derived.At last,these equations are solved by multiple-scales method.The influence of Bond number on the global stable response of nonlinear liquid sloshing in circular cylinder tank is analyzed in detail.The result indicates that variation of amplitude frequency response characteristics of the system with Bond,jump,lag and other nonlinear phenomena of liquid sloshing are investigated.     

ELECTRICALLY FORCED THICKNESS-SHEAR VIBRATIONS OF QUARTZ PLATE WITH NONLINEAR COUPLING TO EXTENSION

We study electrically forced nonlinear thickness-shear vibrations of a quartz plate resonator with relatively large amplitude. It is shown that thickness-shear is nonlinearly coupled to extension due to the well-known Poynting effect in nonlinear elasticity. This coupling is relatively strong when the resonant frequency of the extensional mode is about twice the resonant frequency of the thickness-shear mode. This happens when the plate length/thickness ratio assumes certain values. With this nonlinear coupling, the thickness-shear motion is no longer sinusoidal. Coupling to extension also affects energy trapping which is related to device mounting. When damping is 0.01, nonlinear coupling causes a frequency shift of the order of 10^-6 which is not insignificant,and an amplitude change of the order of 10^-8. The effects are expected to be stronger under real damping of 10^-5 or larger. To avoid nonlinear coupling to extension, certain values of the aspect ratio of the plate should be avoided.     

多刚体系统分离策略及释放动力学研究

紧密连接的多刚体系统可在脱离运载航天器后在轨自主分离,无需多次利用航天器发射装置或在航天器中安装多个发射装置进行分离释放,从而有效提高运载航天器空间利用率, 简化分离释放操作和降低碰撞风险.本文针对多刚体系统的在轨分离释放问题, 研究在轨分离策略及释放过程动力学.首先, 考虑刚体相对运动及姿态变化,基于虚功原理及自然坐标方法建立单个刚体的动力学模型.考虑多刚体系统在轨分离释放阶段的轨道运动和连接约束变化,计入分离时刚体间的相互作用,利用拉格朗日乘子法获得含连接约束的非线性动力学模型. 考虑到实际工程应用,在多刚体系统分离释放阶段,通过安装在刚体间每个接触表面4个角上的弹射装置实现自主分离. 其次,为保证分离过程中刚体之间无碰撞发生, 规划了多刚体系统的分离时序,并基于不同弹射方向及分离顺序设计了两种分离释放方案. 最后,通过算例研究分析了在轨分离释放过程中刚体的非线性动力学行为,验证了分离释放方案的有效性.      

The X-structure/mechanism approach to beneficial nonlinear design in engineering

Nonlinearity can take an important and critical role in engineering systems, and thus cannot be simply ignored in structural design, dynamic response analysis, and parameter selection. A key issue is how to analyze and design potential nonlinearities introduced to or inherent in a system under study. This is a must-do task in many practical applications involving vibration control, energy harvesting, sensor systems, robotic technology, etc. This paper presents an up-to-date review on a cutting-edge method for nonlinearity manipulation and employment developed in recent several years, named as the X-structure/mechanism approach. The method is inspired from animal leg/limb skeletons, and can provide passive low-cost high-efficiency adjustable and beneficial nonlinear stiffness (high static & ultra-low dynamic), nonlinear damping (dependent on resonant frequency and/or relative vibration displacement), and nonlinear inertia (low static & high dynamic) individually or simultaneously. The X-structure/mechanism is a generic and basic structure/mechanism, representing a class of structures/mechanisms which can achieve beneficial geometric nonlinearity during structural deflection or mechanism motion, can be flexibly realized through commonly-used mechanical components, and have many different forms (with a basic unit taking a shape like X/K/Z/S/V, quadrilateral, diamond, polygon, etc.). Importantly, all variant structures/mechanisms may share similar geometric nonlinearities and thus exhibit similar nonlinear stiffness/damping properties in vibration. Moreover, they are generally flexible in design and easy to implement. This paper systematically reviews the research background, motivation, essential bio-inspired ideas, advantages of this novel method, the beneficial nonlinear properties in stiffness, damping, and inertia, and the potential applications, and ends with some remarks and conclusions.

     

动力吸振器复合非线性能量阱对线性镗杆系统的振动控制

研究了线性动力吸振器复合非线性能量阱对线性镗杆在外部简谐激励下的振动控制. 忽略镗杆系统中的非线性因素, 建立了附加线性动力吸振器和非线性能量阱的镗杆系统的三自由度运动方程, 研究了附加复合式动力吸振器的镗杆系统的受迫振动. 通过平均法得到了附加复合式动力吸振器的镗杆系统的近似解析解, 并利用数值解验证了近似解析解的准确性, 两者具有很好的一致性. 利用近似解析解详细分析了线性动力吸振器和非线性能量阱的参数对镗杆振动抑制性能的影响. 对给定质量的复合式动力吸振器进行了参数优化, 其中线性动力吸振器参数采用H_∞优化方法的近似解析解进行了优化, 非线性能量阱的阻尼利用系统的近似解析解进行了优化. 分析结果表明, 线性动力吸振器与非线性能量阱组合可以有效抑制线性镗杆系统的振动, 而且采用参数优化后的复合式动力吸振器可以获得更好的减振效果. 通过附加非线性能量阱, 不但可以提高线性动力吸振器的振动抑制效果, 而且还可以提高振动控制系统的鲁棒性.      

Dynamic instabilities in coupled oscillators induced by geometrically nonlinear damping

The dynamics of a system of coupled oscillators possessing strongly nonlinear stiffness and damping is examined. The system consists of a linear oscillator coupled to a strongly nonlinear, light attachment, where the nonlinear terms of the system are realized due to geometric effects. We show that the effects of nonlinear damping are far from being purely parasitic and introduce new dynamics when compared to the corresponding systems with linear damping. The dynamics is analyzed by performing a slow/fast decomposition leading to slow flows, which in turn are used to study transient instability caused by a bifurcation to 1:3 resonance capture. In addition, a new dynamical phenomenon of continuous resonance scattering is observed that is both persistent and prevalent for the case of the nonlinearly damped system: For certain moderate excitations, the transient dynamics “tracks” a manifold of impulsive orbits, in effect transitioning between multiple resonance captures over definitive frequency and energy ranges. Eventual bifurcation to 1:3 resonance capture generates the dynamic instability, which is manifested as a sudden burst of the response of the light attachment. Such instabilities that result in strong energy transfer indicate potential for various applications of nonlinear damping such as in vibration suppression and energy harvesting.     

An Internal Damping Model for the Absolute Nodal Coordinate Formulation

Introducing internal damping in multibody system simulations is important as real-life systems usually exhibit this type of energy dissipation mechanism. When using an inertial coordinate method such as the absolute nodal coordinate formulation, damping forces must be carefully formulated in order not to damp rigid body motion, as both this and deformation are described by the same set of absolute nodal coordinates. This paper presents an internal damping model based on linear viscoelasticity for the absolute nodal coordinate formulation. A practical procedure for estimating the parameters that govern the dissipation of energy is proposed. The absence of energy dissipation under rigid body motion is demonstrated both analytically and numerically. Geometric nonlinearity is accounted for as deformations and deformation rates are evaluated by using the Green–Lagrange strain–displacement relationship. In addition, the resulting damping forces are functions of some constant matrices that can be calculated in advance, thereby avoiding the integration over the element volume each time the damping force vector is evaluated.     

砂土的应力路径本构模型

将微元应力路径线性逼近,转变成与其充分接近且易于计算应变的等平均应力微元和等应力比微元,计算任意加荷应力路径所产生的塑性应变,建立了双屈服面的砂土应力路径本构模型．模型体现了岩土塑性理论分量屈服和非关联流动法则的要求,在p,q平面内根据双线性的屈服线确定了加卸载准则．结合广义非线性强度理论采用变换应力三维化方法简单、合理地使模型实现三维化．通过试验数据的验证表明,砂土应力路径本构模型可以合理地描述各种应力路径下砂土的变形和强度特性。     

Parametric vibration stability and active control of nonlinear beams

The vibration stability and the active control of the parametrically excited nonlinear beam structures are studied by using the piezoelectric material. The velocity feedback control algorithm is used to obtain the active damping. The cubic nonlinear equation of motion with damping is established by employing Hamilton’s principle. The multiple-scale method is used to solve the equation of motion, and the stable region is obtained. The effects of the control gain and the amplitude of the external force on the stable region and the amplitude-frequency curve are analyzed numerically. From the numerical results, it is seen that, with the increase in the feedback control gain, the axial force, to which the structure can be subjected, is increased, and in a certain scope, the structural active damping ratio is also increased. With the increase in the control gain, the response amplitude decreases gradually, but the required control voltage exists a peak value.