考虑静强度的复合材料疲劳寿命预测及概率特性分析

为考虑初始静强度对疲劳寿命的影响,基于经典剩余强度理论,构建同时考虑初始静强度和应力的复合材料疲劳寿命预测模型。建立的寿命预测模型能够表征疲劳寿命与初始静强度和应力之间的内在关系,可退化为经典S-N曲线。疲劳寿命与初始静强度呈非线性关系,疲劳寿命与应力呈高度非线性关系,疲劳寿命的概率分布可根据初始静强度和应力的概率分布利用MCS获得。算例表明,初始静强度和应力的概率特性对剩余强度和疲劳寿命的概率特性均有影响,相比初始静强度,应力对疲劳寿命概率特性的影响更加显著。     

基于静强度分布参数的复合材料剩余强度及寿命预测

为探讨剩余强度及疲劳寿命与初始静强度分布参数之间的关系,构建基于初始静强度分布参数的剩余强度和疲劳寿命计算模型。在模型构建过程中未涉及复合材料结构的层数、铺层厚度和铺层方向,适应性强。模型参数可通过静力试验和剩余强度试验获得,试验成本相对疲劳试验较低。剩余强度和疲劳寿命与初始静强度变异系数及其分布参数有关,当初始静强度服从威布尔分布时,疲劳寿命亦服从威布尔分布,可为开展疲劳可靠性提供借鉴和参考。算例表明,基于建立的模型,剩余强度计算结果最大误差为-1.58%,疲劳寿命与试验数据吻合较好。     

腐蚀条件下飞机结构疲劳寿命评定技术的试验验证

一般环境下飞机结构疲劳寿命评定技术已相对成熟,而建立在模拟试验基础上的腐蚀条件下飞机结构疲劳寿命评定技术目前尚不完善.本文通过退役飞机全尺寸结构疲劳试验结果与对应的关键部位腐蚀条件下疲劳寿命评定结果的对比分析方法,验证腐蚀条件下飞机结构疲劳寿命评定方法,同时提出了用已服役多年飞机全尺寸结构疲劳试验结果修正地面停放腐蚀修正系数曲线及加速环境谱当量加速关系的方法.     

金属结构材料腐蚀疲劳寿命预测模型的研究进展

腐蚀疲劳是工业装备的主要失效模式之一.随着新技术的不断发展,航空航天、轨道交通、海洋设施等重大装备向着高可靠性、长寿命及智能化方向发展,亟需准确、高效的腐蚀疲劳寿命预测方法.论文对金属材料的腐蚀疲劳损伤机理进行了简要总结并对寿命预测模型进行了系统归纳与评述,提出未来的研究趋势与方向.具体地,首先介绍了腐蚀坑的萌生和生长、裂纹萌生及扩展的机理;其次总结了预腐蚀疲劳的断裂力学及损伤力学寿命预测模型,再次归纳了腐蚀疲劳的断裂力学、损伤力学及数据驱动寿命预测模型;进一步地,综合概括了现有寿命预测模型的优点和不足;最后,基于当前的研究指出未来可能的发展方向,一方面可以借助三维成像技术实现蚀坑向裂纹转变阶段和短裂纹扩展阶段的可视化研究,以改进现有的断裂力学模型;另一方面可以建立新型的多尺度多阶段寿命预测模型或利用新兴的数据驱动-物理融合方法实现腐蚀疲劳寿命预测.     

热端部件低温热腐蚀疲劳损伤机理、寿命模型和抗腐蚀设计方法

对于沿海地区或海洋环境中使用的航空发动机来说, 由于高温、机械载荷和盐雾环境的共同作用, 热腐蚀疲劳破坏是影响其热端部件服役寿命的主要因素. 本文对热端部件低温热腐蚀疲劳损伤机理、寿命模型和防腐蚀设计方法进行了总结、归纳及评述, 提出了未来的研究趋势与发展方向. 首先介绍航空发动机热端部件的热腐蚀疲劳故障案例、损伤演化机理; 其次, 重点分析了低温腐蚀疲劳寿命的唯象模型、损伤力学模型、断裂力学模型以及机器学习模型; 再次, 对几种代表性的考虑腐蚀演化不同阶段的分段式腐蚀疲劳全寿命模型进行综述, 还分析指出了腐蚀疲劳全寿命模型的发展趋势; 从次, 对航空发动机材料选择、零件制造、结构强度设计和外场运行维护不同阶段的抗腐蚀方法进行了综述. 最后, 对增材制造零部件的热腐蚀疲劳问题以及无损检测技术、人工智能等与热腐蚀疲劳研究的结合进行了展望.     

考虑加载频率的超高周疲劳寿命预测

超高周疲劳试验可以通过传统的电磁振动(30-3000 Hz)、超声振动(20 kHz)等测试方法实现.对于同一材料,采用不同加载频率的测试方法得到的疲劳寿命可能存在差异.为了充分利用不同测试系统得到的超高周疲劳寿命数据,关于考虑加载频率的超高周疲劳寿命预测方法亟待研究.本文结合基于Tanaka的位错理论的裂纹萌生寿命预测模型以及Paris裂纹扩展的寿命预测模型,引入频率对有效应力及疲劳强度的影响,得到超高周疲劳寿命预测模型.利用本文提出的模型,针对钛合金TC17和镍基高温合金GH4169在不同加载频率下的超高周疲劳试验数据进行寿命预测验证,结果显示本文模型能较好地表征不同加载频率下材料的超高周疲劳特性.本文模型建立了不同加载频率下的疲劳寿命数据的关联.     

长期载人航天器舱内金属构件盐雾腐蚀疲劳寿命预估的损伤力学方法

根据热力学原理分别建立了预估单纯疲劳载荷作用下和单纯腐蚀环境下长期载人航天器舱内金属构件的损伤演化方程;并建立了疲劳载荷作用下和预腐蚀疲劳作用下光滑标准件的疲劳寿命预估方法;根据所建立方法和无腐蚀、预腐蚀条件下标准件的疲劳试验结果,建立了损伤演化方程中材质参数的识别方法;最后,建立了长期载人航天器舱内金属构件盐雾腐蚀疲劳寿命预估的损伤力学方法.计算结果与试验结果相比误差在5％以内,二者吻合较好.本文研究可为其他金属构件的预腐蚀和腐蚀疲劳寿命预估提供参考.     

阵风谱载下疲劳寿命可靠性预测

基于二维概率MINER准则,建立了在阵风谱载下对结构构件疲劳寿命进行可靠性预测的方法.根据一组LY12-CZ铝合金中心孔试件的疲劳试验数据对上述方法进行了较为成功的验证,验证结果表明本文方法的预测值与试验值吻合良好,具有较好的工程实用价值.     

谱荷载下剩余强度衰减的混凝土疲劳寿命可靠性分析

在Ｓ－Ｎ曲线的基础上,建立了一个描述混凝土剩余强度衰减的模型,并利用该模型对在谱荷载作用下混凝土试件的疲劳寿命及其可靠性进行了分析,得到疲劳寿命基于三参数Ｗｅｉｂｕｌｌ分布的分布函数．通过试验验证了该方法得出的结果是可靠的,且计算简便,便于在工程中应用．     

含广布腐蚀坑结构寿命评估方法

为了定量评估含广布腐蚀损伤老龄化飞机结构的剩余强度, 采用等效裂纹方法将腐蚀坑沿垂 直于外界最大主应力方向进行投影处理, 使其转化为具有相同寿命的等效初始表面裂纹, 然 后采用参数化有限元方法,求解等效裂纹前沿的应力强度因子、裂纹扩展方向和裂纹扩展增量, 建立并应用应力强度因子变化历程, 采用循环接循环的损伤累积方法对含广布等效表面裂纹 在疲劳载荷作用下的寿命进行了预测. 预测结果为复杂环境中含广布腐蚀坑的飞机结构寿命 预测提供了参考.     

Temperature-dependence of acoustic fatigue life for thermal protection structures

Acoustic fatigue life evaluation is essential for thermal protection structures due to the severe thermo-acoustic load in service. A study on temperaturedependence of acoustic fatigue life for a C/SiC panel is presented in this paper. Effects of temperature on both the structural responses and the S-N curves are investigated. The Dirlik method is adopted to predict the fatigue life of a C/SiC panel at three different temperatures respectively. Significant differences are observed from the results of numerical simulations between the fatigue lives of the panel in the three cases. The temperature-dependence of acoustic fatigue life of a C/SiC panel is verified, and fatigue test of the material needs to be more attentively performed.     

Bi-variable damage model for fatigue life prediction of metal components

Based on the theory of continuum damage mechanics,a bi-variable damage mechanics model is developed,which,according to thermodynamics,is accessible to derivation of damage driving force,damage evolution equation and damage evolution criteria. Furthermore,damage evolution equations of time rate are established by the generalized Drucker’s postulate. The damage evolution equation of cycle rate is obtained by integrating the time damage evolution equations,and the fatigue life prediction method for smooth specimens under repeated loading with constant strain amplitude is constructed. Likewise,for notched specimens under the repeated loading with constant strain amplitude,the fatigue life prediction method is obtained on the ground of the theory of conservative integral in damage mechanics. Thus,the material parameters in the damage evolution equation can be obtained by reference to the fatigue test results of standard specimens with stress concentration factor equal to 1,2 and 3.     

Evaluation of the probability distribution of pitting corrosion fatigue life in aircraft materials

Corrosion and fatigue properties of aircraft materials are known to have a considerable scatter due to the random nature of materials, loading, and environmental conditions. A probabilistic approach for predicting the pitting corrosion fatigue life has been investigated which captures the effect of the interaction of the cyclic load and corrosive environment and all stages of the corrosion fatigue process (i.e. the pit nucleation and growth, pit-crack transition, short- and long-crack propagation). The probabilistic model investigated considers the uncertainties in the initial pit size, corrosion pitting current, and material properties due to the scatter found in the experimental data. Monte Carlo simulations were performed to define the failure probability distribution. Predicted cumulative distribution functions of fatigue life agreed reasonably well with the existing experimental data. The project supported by SRF for ROCS, State Education Ministry of China, and the Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) of Japan (JSPS-P02042)     

A fatigue life prediction methodology for cylindrical shell with an inclined crack under torsion

Considered is the fatigue life prediction of a cylindrical shell with an inclined crack under torsion. The effects of the initial angles of inclination and shell curvatures on fatigue crack growth rate are investigated. The mixed mode fracture parameters are extended to describe the fatigue crack growth behavior. A methodology for fatigue life prediction is suggested.     

Strain energy density prediction of fatigue crack growth from hole of aging aircraft structures

Fatigue crack growth rate depends not only on the load amplitude, but also on the morphology of crack path. The strain energy density theory has the ability to analyze crack growth rate. A strain energy density crack growth model is proposed. It can predict the lifetime of fatigue crack growth for mixed mode cracks while an equation for mode I crack is also obtained. The validity of the model is established with two cases: a center-crack panel and cracks emanating from the edge of a hole. The stress intensity factor expression for the former case is analytical while that of the latter is calculated numerically using finite elements. The results are compared with the testing data. Good agreement shows that the proposed model is useful.     

Modeling of fatigue life of materials and structures under low-cycle loading

A damaged medium model (DMM) consisting of three interconnected components (relations determining the cyclic elastoplastic behavior of the material, kinetic damage accumulation equations, and the strength criterion for the damaged material) was developed to estimate the stress strain state and the fatigue life of important engineering objects. The fatigue life of a strip with a cut under cyclic loading was estimated to obtain qualitative and quantitative estimates of the DMM constitutive relations under low-cycle loading. It was shown that the considered version of the constitutive relations reliably describes the main effects of elastoplastic deformation and the fatigue life processes of materials and structures.     

Predicting the fatigue life and crack aspect ratio evolution in complex structures

This paper discusses a computationally efficient method for determining the behaviour of complex structures containing three-dimensional cracks. A simple method is presented for calculating the mode I stress intensities for semi-elliptical cracks emanating from the saddle point of two intersecting tubular members. This method, which gives results in good agreement with published values, uses the finite element technique, but does not require the crack to be modelled explicitly. The technique is then used, in conjunction with FASTRAN II, to study fatigue crack growth and the results are compared to experimental data. Good agreement is achieved between both the predicted and measured fatigue crack growth and the evolution of the crack aspect ratios.     

谐振载荷作用下工程结构振动疲劳寿命预估的损伤力学-有限元法

建立了预估谐振载荷作用下结构振动疲劳寿命的损伤力学-有限元方法。首先根据损伤热力学原理,构建了损伤演化方程,建立光滑试件在恒幅应变交变载荷作用下寿命预估方法;进一步由损伤力学守恒积分原理,得到恒幅重复载荷作用下应力与寿命的关系式;然后根据标准件疲劳试验结果,拟合得到损伤演化方程中的材质参数;最后利用APDL语言编程对ANSYS软件进行了二次开发,借助ANSYS软件对谐振载荷作用下结构振动疲劳裂纹萌生寿命进行预估。作为算例,本文利用该方法预估了LC9CgS1铝合金梁谐振载荷作用下疲劳裂纹萌生寿命。     

Experimental techniques for predicting fatigue failure of cannon-breech mechanisms

In this paper a technique for predicting thread fatigue behavior for full-scale cannon-breech mechanisms from small-specimen tests is investigated. A thread load-distribution factor is determined experimentally for the breech ring and breech-block components by measurement of the thread fillet strains at breech-chamber pressures of 49,500 psi. A comparison of small-specimen thread fatigue data with the results of full-scale breech-component test results is given for several thread geometries.     

Problems of fatigue strength definition for shell structures

Stresses caused by oscillations of shell structures may vary significantly even for the same oscillation form. Therefore, during fatigue tests it is very important to solve the loading problem for these structures and further evaluate their fatigue strength statistical parameters. A new method for solution of these difficult problems is proposed in this paper. The basic idea is to take into account relative load values of fatigue tests instead of often used absolute load values. The fatigue loads are reproduced on a test bed by the same means by which the dynamic loads were determined. Levels of fatigue loads used in the tests are based on the individual dynamic loads for each of the structures investigated. The basic principles are described for axial fans used in railway transport. Axial fan blades are a characteristic example of shell structures.