Confirmation of far infrared laser assignments from CH3-deformation and CH3-rocking states of optically pumped methanol

High-resolution Fourier transform spectroscopy has been applied to confirm previously proposed assignments for nine far infrared (FIR) laser lines from the CH₃-deformation state of CH₃OH and one line from the CH₃-rocking state. Accurate frequencies are deduced for the observed and other predicted FIR laser transitions. FIR torsional branch frequencies in the ground state which were used in the confirmation are presented. Comments are also made on the OH-bending mode of CH₃OH.     

Assignment of Fir Laser Lines of Fully Deuterated Dichloromethane

We have recently reported 16 new far-infrared laser emissions of CD₂Cl₂. While the overwhelming majority of the previously known FIR laser emissions of this molecule were polarized parallel to the polarization of the pump CO₂ line, 13 of our 16 new lines are polarized perpendicularly to the exciting CO₂ radiation. In principle, the presence of perpendicular/parallel emission pairs is extremely important for the assignment of laser transitions. In the present work we discuss the possible assignments of 16 far-infrared (FIR) laser emission pairs of CD₂Cl₂.     

Far-Infrared Laser Assignments for Methylamine

Reported far-infrared laser lines for five different transition systems of CH₃NH₂ optically pumped by a CO₂ laser have been identified spectroscopically through a high-resolution Fourier transform infrared study of the C-N stretching band together with CO₂-laser/microwave-sideband broad-scan and Lamb-dip measurements. From the infrared analysis plus previous far-infrared (FIR) results for the ground vibrational state, quantum numbers have been assigned for seven methylamine FIR laser transitions and their C-N stretching pump absorptions coincident with the CO₂ laser lines. The assignments are confirmed through the use of closed frequency combination loops that also provide improved FIR laser frequencies to spectroscopic accuracy.     

13CD3OH and12CD3OH optically pumped by a13CO2 laser: Observations and assignments of FIR laser lines

In this work we report the first observation of FIR laser lines from¹³CD₃OH pumped by the¹³CO₂ isotope laser. Using the same pump we have also found 3 new lines from¹²CD₃OH. Tentative assignments for the absorption and emission transitions of the observed lines are also proposed.Work supported by FAPESP. CNPq, FAEP/UNICAMP-Brasil and NSF-USA     

Pulsed optically pumped far infrared laser and maser action in OCS

Twenty new optically pumped far-infrared laser transitions have been observed in OCS, including four “maser” transitions of 3.6–8.2 mm wavelength. The operating conditions and assignments of these lines are reported. Rabi splitting of the FIR gain profile caused by the high intensity of the CO₂ TEA laser pump is found to be very important for some lines.     

Applications of high resolution spectroscopy to the identification of far-infrared laser emission from optically pumped13CH3OH

High-resolution infrared (IR) and far infrared (FIR) Fourier transform absorption spectra have been employed to investigate assignments of FIR laser lines reported from optically-pumped¹³CH₃OH. The spectroscopic measurements are used in conjunction with the reported IR pump and FIR laser frequencies to form closed combination loops for several systems, serving to confirm the assignments and in some cases to improve the accuracy of the FIR laser frequencies. Frequency predictions from combination differences are also presented for a number of potential new FIR laser lines.     

Measurements and assignments of new large offset CD3OH FIR laser lines

By using an acoustooptic modulator we extend the 300 MHz tunability of a waveguide CO₂ laser to 480 MHz. The CD₃OH was optically pumped by the 10R(32), 10R(34), and 10R(36) CO₂ laser lines, and 17 new FIR laser lines were discovered. The Stark effect on previously known FIR laser lines was investigated, and some tentative FIR laser lines assignments are suggested.     

New FIR laser lines from hydrazine and assignments

Our new waveguide pulsed CO₂ laser, with peak powers above 1 kW, has allowed us to observe 24 new far-infrared laser lines emitted by hydrazine. Each of them is characterized in wavelength, relative polarization, intensity, optimum operating pressure and pump offset from the center of the exciting CO₂ line. These new laser emissions either form pairs sharing the same pump line, or complete such pairs with lines known from the literature. In the latter case, we have measured the relative polarization and offset of the partner lines whenever they were not reported in the literature. The availability of laser systems with two emission lines orthogonally polarized and sharing the same upper level is expected to facilitate the assignment work. We present complete assignments for four FIR laser emissions, and we propose J and K values for 12 further laser systems. PACS 42.55.Lt; 42.62.Fi     

FIR Stark spectroscopy on optically pumped CH3OH laser

An extensive theoretical and experimental analysis of the absorption and emission spectrum of a CH₃OH FIR-laser excited by a conventional CO₂ laser is presented. Particular interest is devoted to the Stark shifts of the pump and lasing lines and to the electric field dependence of the Fir-laser output of the various lines. The offsets with respect to the exciting radiation and the Stark shifts of the IR absorption (pump) lines are measured by means of the transferred Lamb dip technique. The theoretical behaviours of the Stark patterns are calculated for several choices of the quantum numbers and selection rules involved in the transitions. A large variety of experimental results are reported and compared to theory. Non-linear Stark shifts have been observed for the 37.5m FIR laser line and for the IR-pump transitions excited by the 9-P(38) and 10-R(38) CO₂ laser Lines. Line assignments are proposed and new FIR laser lines are reported.     

New laser lines from CHD2OH methanol deuterated isotope

Through the optical pump technique we have reinvestigated the CHD₂OH molecule as a source of far-infrared (FIR) laser lines using for the first time a CO₂ laser lasing on regular, hot, and sequence bands. As a consequence, we present here spectroscopic data of 16 new FIR laser transitions from this molecule. Furthermore, we also present a catalogue of all FIR laser lines generated from CHD₂OH. Received: 13 July 2001 / Revised version: 25 October 2001 / Published online: 14 May 2002     

Investigation of 13CH3OH methanol: new laser lines and assignments

We have reinvestigated ¹³CH₃OH as a source of far-infrared (FIR) laser emission using a CO₂ laser as a pumping source. Thirty new FIR laser lines in the range 36.5 μm to 202.6 μm were observed and characterized. Five of them have wavelengths between 36.5 and 75 μm and have sufficient intensity to be used in LMR spectroscopy. Using Fourier-transform spectroscopic data in the infrared (IR) and FIR regions we have determined the assignment for 10 FIR laser transitions and predict nine frequencies for laser lines which have yet to be observed. Received: 17 July 2000 / Published online: 6 December 2000     

Spectroscopy of the excited C-O stretching Q branch of 13CD3OH: Measurement and assignment of new FIR laser lines

The Q branch of the C-O stretching fundamental band of ¹³CD₃OH has been investigated. Starting from a high resolution (4 × 10⁻³cm⁻¹) infrared Fourier transform spectrum and using a waveguide CO₂ laser of 300 MHz tunability and an acoustooptic modulator for an extension of ±90 MHz, 31 new FIR laser lines have been observed. The related absorptions have been measured by means of optoacoustic detection. The frequency of one new FIR laser line was also measured. Eight tentative assignments are proposed for the IR absorption and FIR laser emissions.     

Fourier Transform Infrared spectrum of the OCD bending mode in methanol-D1

The infrared (IR) spectra corresponding to OCD bending vibration of asymmetrically deuterated methanol species CH₂DOH have been recorded with a Fourier Transform Spectrometer. The spectrum shows a typical structure of a parallel a-type band. This is expected because the bending vibration mainly executed parallel to the symmetry axis The Q-branch lines are grouped closely around 896 cm⁻¹ and the P- and R-Branches show complex structure. Nonetheless it was possible to assign a-type P- and R-branch lines up to K value of 8 and J value up to about 20 in most cases. The Q-branch lines for higher K values can be followed to about J = 15, the presence of which confirmed the assignments. The observations suggest that in the OCD bend some energy levels are highly interacted by highly excited torsional state from the ground torsional state. A full catalogue is presented along with the effective molecular parameters. An intensity anomaly was also observed in the transitions. So far it has been possible to assign only transitions between e₀ ← e₀ states. Plausible explanations of intensity anomaly are presented. Lastly, a number of optically pumped far infrared (FIR) laser lines have been assigned either to exact or tentative quantum states. These assignments should prove valuable for production of new FIR laser lines.     

Optically pumped submillimeter laser lines from CH2F2 and CD2Cl2 using a12C18O2 CW laser

Thirty-nine new submillimetre laser lines in CH₂F₂ and twelve in CD₂Cl₂ have been obtained in a Fabry-Perot FIR resonator by optically pumping with a CW¹²C¹⁸O₂ laser. The wavelength range obtained for CH₂F₂ is 126m to 1091m and for CD₂Cl₂ 212m to 774m. The wavelength measurements are accurate to within 5.10^–3. The relative polarisations of the pump laser and the FIR laser output were also determined. Tentative assignments of the IR and FIR transitions were made using existing microwave data.     

Infrared spectrum involving forbidden transitions & coriolis interaction and identification of optically pumped far infrared laser lines in asymmetrically mono-deuterated methanol (Methanol-D1)

In this paper new type of ΔK = 2 and 0 transitions have been identified in the Fourier Transform spectrum of Methanol-D₁ (CH₂DOH). These transitions are normally forbidden but a “Coriolis” type interaction with nearby states is believed to be contributing sufficient transition strength through intensity borrowing effect. This is the first time such forbidden transitions are reported to be identified in the excited states, in this molecule. The present conjecture is supported by observation of a many strong allowed transitions to upper terminating levels which are seen to be highly perturbed. This conclusion has been reached by comparing calculated energy levels using known molecular parameters (Pearson et al., 2012; Coudert et al., 2014; El Hilali et al., 2011; Quade et al., 1998; Richard Quade, 1998, 1999; Mukhopadhyay, 1997) and the actually observed FIR lines. The upper levels are seen to be upshifted from expected position. A closer look at the calculated energy values seems to indicate a possible interaction between the above states and other proximate torsional–rotational states could occur. The possible candidates for the interacting level manifolds are narrowed down through the presence of the forbidden transition. We also take the opportunity to propose alternate rotational quantum numbers for some of the assignments recently reported in the literature (El Hilali et al., 2011). Some ambiguities are pointed out on the data and the reported analysis. There remain too many such irregularities and we propose to gather a large body assigned transitions in a future catalog. Assignments and relevant comments on optically pumped FIR laser radiation are also made.     

New laser lines from optically pumped CH3OH: measurements and assignments

New CW FIR laser lines from optically pumped CH₃OH are reported. Experimental values for wavelength, polarization and pump offsets are given. Lines assignments are proposed. New experimental results and possible assignments are also given for previously reported lines.     

Electric field effects on an optically-pumped HCOOH FIR laser and Zeeman laser theory

Electric field effects have been investigated on the output power of six far-infrared (FIR) laser lines from H¹²COOH optically-pumped by a CO₂ laser with its polarization arranged perpendicular to the Stark field. Optoacoustic signals observed on the pump lines were hardly affected by the applied electric field up to 0.6 kV/cm. By neglecting the electric field effects on the pump transitions, Zeeman laser theory has been applied to the FIR laser transitions. Numerical calculation predicts the observed FIR output power as a function of electric field. Experessions for oscillation frequency and intensity in homogeneous limit are given, which may be applicable to any FIR Stark laser so far as the pump transition is free from electric field effects.     

Amplification and measurement of single 1.6–3.5 ps Pulses generated by a distributed feedback dye laser

Twenty FIR laser lines with wavelengths between 146 and 2000 m have been observed from deuterated formyl fluoride (DCOF) optically pumped with isotopic CO₂ lasers. Tunable diode laser measurements on thev ₄ band of DCOF were combined with earlier high precision spectroscopic data on thev ₃ andv ₄ bands, and enabled identification of the transitions responsible for 9 of the new FIR lines.     

New CH2F2 FIR laser lines pumped by a tunable WG CO2 laser

8 new large offset FIR laser lines of CH₂F₂ have been discovered by pumping with a high tunability waveguide CW CO₂ laser. Optoacoustic measurements of CH₂F₂ have also been performed and the pump offsets of the new and of previously known lines have been measured and checked. Some assignments are proposed and a few assignments found in literature are checked