一种可实现两档切换降落相机的镜头设计

设计了一种用于深空探测的新型宽视场多光谱降落相机,通过两档切换,实现了1.5m~+∞以及30cm两档成像范围的目标探测.在1.5m~+∞档,能实现着陆器下降过程中对被测星体表面的全色成像;在30cm档,采用蓝绿、红色以及近红外三个独立的发光二极管光源阵列分别对着陆后近距离目标进行照明,通过对采集到的多光谱图像进行处理,可实现目标组成成分的鉴定.取降落相机设计谱段420~900nm,方形视场49.5°×49.5°,F数5.4,当目标距离为1.5m~+∞时,焦距f′1为12.9mm;目标距离30cm时,焦距f′2为12.5mm.系统中第一镜采用近似无光焦度的前置弯月透镜,利用镜片的开合完成不同成像范围的档位切换,使系统焦距在两档切换时变化不大,目标不易丢失.分析可知,镜头在35lp/mm处,系统调制传递函数均达到0.6以上,成像质量接近衍射极限;全视场畸变优于1.2%;第一镜倾斜、偏心公差设计合理.该设计解决了以往定焦降落相机在着陆后无法对近距离目标清晰成像的问题.     

中波红外长焦距折反光学系统设计

针对多模制导中长焦距红外光学系统结构紧凑及宽温度范围热稳定性的要求,设计了一种中波红外折反光学系统。该系统根据其它模式制导的要求,采用固定焦距和口径的主镜,通过二次成像,在保持长焦距的同时减小了透镜的口径,降低了到达中继成像系统主光线的高度,同时也降低了制造成本。设计了波长为3.7~4.8 μm、焦距f为300 mm、F数为2的中波红外成像系统。结果表明,该系统结构紧凑像质优良,各视场光学传递函数均大于0.6,接近衍射极限,并且在-50~70℃可实现光学被动消热差。针对该光学系统进行了公差分析并提出了抑制杂散辐射的方法,该系统满足实际加工和应用需求。     

一种用于空间目标捕获的宽视场可见光光学系统的设计

设计了一种对空间目标进行捕获并跟踪的可见光相机的光学系统.该成像系统采用了7组共8片的复杂化双高斯结构,焦距40.65 mm,相对孔径为1/1.7,全视场角28°,光谱范围为可见光谱段.该系统可完成对空间目标的捕获和跟踪测量任务,并提供目标图像信息.针对大视场大相对孔径的空间目标探测要求提出了光学系统参量的确定方法,结合设计实例给出一种双高斯向反远距演变的设计思路.     

折反射式空间相机光学系统设计与杂散光抑制

针对同轴两反射镜光学成像视场角受限、大视场角下成像对比度较低的问题,采用透镜组作为像差校正组,合理分配光学系统的光焦度及间距,来扩大两反射结构的成像视场角,提升相机全视场内的成像质量。以某一工程应用需要为例,设计并研制了焦距为750 mm、视场角2ω=3.45°、全视场平均传递函数在108 lp/mm处优于0.2的相机光学系统,且在未使用主镜筒外遮光罩的前提下,优化设计了次镜遮光罩以实现杂散光抑制。采用TracePro软件进行相机杂散光环境建模仿真,结果表明:在非成像视场角内的杂散光点源透过率(PST)的量值范围为10-3～10-6。系统满足传统地面目标探测成像要求,验证了紧凑型大视场折反射光学杂散光抑制结构的可行性,并为商用同轴折反射光学系统设计及优化提供了一定的参考。     

环形孔径长焦距光学系统

介绍一种可望用于空间相机的环型孔径长焦距光学成像系统,也是稀疏孔径的一种。光线通过最外面的环形孔径进入光学系统,经过一系列的同轴环形反射镜多次折转,最后通过补偿镜成像在光学系统的像面上。此类系统具有较大的遮拦比,可以在有效减少空间望远系统的厚度和体积的同时保持较好的成像质量,可望用于微小卫星高分辨率光学有效载荷。给出了光线经过6次反射的一种长焦距光学系统设计结果,并对其进行了像质评价和公差分析。     

基于同心多尺度成像的机载光电系统探测能力分析

同心多尺度成像技术为突破传统光学成像中分辨率与视场之间的矛盾提供了一条有效的途径。将同心多尺度成像模式应用于机载光电探测系统,实现机载广域宽视场高分辨目标探测。综合分析了目标辐射空间分布、目标辐射传输和光学系统成像等特性,建立了表征同心多尺度成像系统的探测能力理论模型,得到了系统探测能力与组成单元透镜的口径、焦距、间距等参数之间的变化关系。并用光学设计软件Zemax设计了实际光学系统,数值模拟了空中来袭运动目标的光谱信号信噪比(SNR)响应特征。结果表明合理增加同心多尺度成像系统中的物镜焦距、减小目镜焦距、增大系统口径和降低探测信噪比阈值等能够有效提高成像系统的探测能力。     

大孔径长焦距摄远物镜光学系统设计

对于长焦距摄远光学系统，大相对孔径意味着成像亮度更加优秀，但是也伴随着孔径边缘像差变差而难以校正的难题。利用折反系统减小光学系统总长，采用反射结构为基础，搭配前后两组校正镜构成光学系统，设计出大相对孔径，总长较短的摄远光学系统。光学系统工作波段为可见光波段，焦距1 000 mm，F数2.1，摄远比0.52，光学总长远小于焦距，遮拦比45%，全视场MTF在空间频率80 lp/mm处大于0.3，像面直径11 mm。该光学系统镜片全部采用球面镜，光学系统由2片反射镜和7片透射镜组成，结构紧凑，成像质量好。对摄远物镜进行公差分析，得出该设计公差较宽松。     

小型无人机载大视场复眼相机光学系统设计

针对小型无人机载大视场光学成像观测需求,设计了一款仿生复眼大视场微小型相机.该相机光学系统总焦距为4mm,F数为4,视场角可达106°,在500m的飞行高度分辨率可达0.5m.所设计系统由曲面排布的微透镜阵列、光学像面变换子系统、图像接收和数据采集处理单元三部分组成.仿生复眼中的子透镜采用双胶合透镜组合以减小系统像差,相邻子透镜在满足视场一定重叠率的前提下,可允许相邻多达7个子透镜同时对地面目标进行成像,达到目标定位和测速的目的.仿真结果表明无人机载大视场复眼相机系统在给定的公差范围内像质满足要求,每个通道的光学畸变可控制在1.2%以下.     

大口径红外离轴三反光学系统设计及公差分析

在空间光学领域中,光学系统的发展趋势为长焦距、大视场、轻量化、大相对孔径、高成像质量等。为适应该发展趋势,对大口径反射式光学系统进行研究,在共轴三反系统的成像理论基础上,为避免中心遮拦,提高成像质量,采用视场离轴方式,设计了一款大口径离轴三反式光学系统。该光学系统在奈奎斯特空间频率17 lp/mm处,光学传递函数MTF大于0.75,成像质量接近衍射极限。此外,光学系统公差的合理分配是影响相机总体性能的主要因素,运用公差灵敏度分析和反转灵敏度分析,计算各公差对光学系统成像质量的影响,给出了合适的公差分配,经过模拟分析,按照给定的公差加工装调,系统光学传递函数大于0.55。     

空间同轴三反相机前镜身结构设计与验证

空间同轴三反相机前镜身结构支撑相机的主、次镜,影响相机的成像性能和稳定性,是光学系统的敏感环节.针对长焦距空间同轴三反相机光学系统,为了获得刚性好、温度稳定性好的前镜身结构,本文从殷钢、碳纤维这二种低膨胀系数、高刚度的结构材料进行了优选,通过有限元分析比较,选择力学特性更好、重量更轻的碳纤维复合材料；通过力学特性和光学...     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Measurement of nonlinear coefficient of optical fiber based on small chirped soliton transmission

We measure the waveform and phase curves of short optical pulses before and after transmission over different lengths of fibers by use of the pulse analyzer with the frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG),and numerically simulate pulse evolution under the experimental conditions.The nonlinear coefficient of the fiber is given by comparing the experimental results with the numerical ones.Difference between the experiment and numerical simulation is analyzed.     

Resonance scattering of canonical elastic shells in absorbing fluid medium

Resonance scattering of elastic spherical shell and cylindrical shell while the surrounding fluid medium has absorption is studied. The normal mode solution derived using exact elastic theory and the separation of variables is still applicable. However, the scattering form function has to be modified for the absorbing medium, otherwise the unreasonable result would be obtained. The backscattering form function in the absorbing medium is redefined, and the form function of elastic spherical and cylindrical shell with vacuum or solid matter filled is calculated in various absorption conditions. The results show that the absorption of surrounding fluid leads to notable attenuation of the coincidence resonances in the mid-frequency, but it has a little influence on the low-frequency resonance scattering induced by the filler inside the shell.     

Single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance sensor with high detection resolution

A versatile and low-cost single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance(SPR)sensing system with ultra-high resolution performance is presented.The system exhibits a root-mean-square phase fluctuation of ±0.0028.over a period of 45 min.i.e.a resolution of±5.2×10-9 refractive index units.The enhanced performance has been achieved through the incorporation of three design elements:a true single-beam configuration enabling complete self-referencing so that only the phase change associated with SPR gets detected,a differential measurement scheme to eliminate spurious signals not related to the sensor response,and the elimination of retardation drifts by incorporating temperature stabilization in the liquid crystal phase modulato .Our design should bring the detection sensitivity of non-labeling SPR biosensing closer to that achievable by conventional fluorescence-based techniques.