硅碳烷树枝状液晶的研究

树技状化合物具有规整的结构，其分子体积、形状和功能基团可在分子水平上精确控制[1]，迄今国内只有综述报道[2]．传统的液晶分子为刚性棒状，按经典液晶理论，树枝状分子难以存在液晶态，迄今仅见3例多技聚合物显示热致或液致液晶性D－“．nercec［’咱称首次合成热致液晶树枝状聚合物TPD－bx，但据Ringsdorf［51分类，因其未采用逐步发散或收敛法，而用一锅煮法合成，产品结构不规整，分子量不单一．故仍属于多技聚合物．本文首次合成了液晶硅碳烷树技状化合物．1硅碳烷树技状化合物的结构树枝状化合物的结构见图1，主干为硅碳烷，含12…     

聚合物分子刷的合成与应用

本文综述了近年来在线形聚合物、树枝状大分子及树枝化聚合物等不同聚合物的每个重复单元上，高密度地、通过不同联接方式接枝上新的聚合物侧链而形成的刷形接枝共聚物，即聚合物分子刷的研究进展。主要介绍聚合物分子刷的三种合成途径，即“大单体聚合法”，“从主链接枝法”及“接枝到主链法”，并对不同路线的特点进行分析，同时对分子刷在制备纳米杂化材料、纳米导线及智能材料等方面的应用进行了综述。     

聚合物分子刷的合成与应用

本文综述了近年来在线形聚合物、树枝状大分子及树枝化聚合物等不同聚合物的每个重复单元上,高密度地、通过不同联接方式接枝上新的聚合物侧链而形成的刷形接枝共聚物,即聚合物分子刷的研究进展。主要介绍聚合物分子刷的三种合成途径,即“大单体聚合法”,“从主链接枝法”及“接枝到主链法”,并对不同路线的特点进行分析,同时对分子刷在制备纳米杂化材料、纳米导线及智能材料等方面的应用进行了综述。     

聚合物分子刷的合成与应用

本文综述了近年来在线形聚合物、树枝状大分子及树枝化聚合物等不同聚合物的每个重复单元上,高密度地、通过不同联接方式接枝上新的聚合物侧链而形成的刷形接枝共聚物,即聚合物分子刷的研究进展.主要介绍聚合物分子刷的三种合成途径,即“大单体聚合法“,“从主链接枝法“及“接枝到主链法“,并对不同路线的特点进行分析,同时对分子刷在制备纳米杂化材料、纳米导线及智能材料等方面的应用进行了综述.     

末端含三甲基硅基树枝状低聚苯的合成与表征

树枝状聚合物是一类结构有序、有特定分子量、末端可带活性官能团的多功能聚合物,其应用研究涉及信息贮存材料、高级催化剂、非线性光学材料、液晶材料、纳米材料、缓释药物载体、传感器材料、污水处理剂、分离膜及流变学改性剂等领域.以含多功能团的低聚苯为中心核,通过过渡金属催化的芳基偶联反应或Diels-Alder环加成反应,经“收敛法”或“发散法”可以制得结构准确、尺寸可控的树枝状聚苯纳米材料;另一方面,由于核心分子结构的多样性,可以设计、合成拓扑形态各异的树枝状聚苯应用于有机发光材料、有机磁性体、碟状液晶、管束状分子通道、分子识别、储氢材料及锂电池等领域,从而丰富其结构与性能关系的研究内容.因此,树枝状聚苯中心核的设计与合成在这类材料的应用研究中显得尤为重要.本工作设计与合成了一类树枝状聚苯的中心核12和13,其分子末端的生长点被三甲基硅基（TMS-）所保护;采用凝胶渗透色谱（GPC）和粉末X射线衍射等分析手段,以及与其母体结构,即末端不含三甲基硅基的模型化合物1,3,5-三（3＇,5＇-二苯基苯基）苯11进行比较,探讨了分子末端的三甲基硅基及其取代位置对树枝状低聚苯的凝胶渗透色谱行为和结晶性的影响.     

芳醚树枝形聚合物体系中电子转移和能量传递研究

树枝形聚合物英文名为dendrimer,是具有类似树枝状结构的化合物,由核心、内层支化单元和外围基团三部分组成.树枝形聚合物具有与光合作用体系相似的结构,作为模拟光合作用体系被广泛研究.电子转移是光合作用中的重要过程,研究树枝形聚合物体系中的电子转移与能量传递具有重要的意义.本论文设计合成了一系列芳醚树枝形聚合物,用光物理和光化学方法研究了芳醚树枝形聚合物体系中电子转移和能量传递过程,得到了一系列有意义的结果.     

高枝化聚合物的最新研究进展

高枝化聚合物（dendrigraft）是树枝状聚合物（dendrimer）家族中的新成员,其合成、性质及应用的研究方兴未艾。本文重点介绍了高枝化聚合物的合成方法：偶联法、引发法、大单体法;前两者是发散式聚合法,而后者是收敛式聚合方法。高枝化聚合物与本家族其它聚合物相比：形态上,它的重复单元是侧链聚合物（而非单体）;结构...     

以甘-谷二肽为构筑单元的扇形树状分子的合成与表征

以天然氨基酸为结构单元的树枝状化合物已有不少报道．例如，Denkewalter等首次报道了以氨基酸（L-赖氨酸）为结构单元的1～10代树枝状高分子的合成．Chapman等采用发散法合成了核心为聚氧乙烯（PEO）长链的树枝状t-Boc-聚（α，ε-L赖氨酸）．Kim等报道了两种具有光活性的由缬氨酸或亮氨酸组成的小肽树状分子．Tam等合成了一系列具有各种潜在生物医学用途的肽链结构树枝状分子．     

基于聚烯烃和聚苯乙烯的梳形(共)聚合物的研究进展

无论从生物大分子还是合成高分子,均表明大分子链拓扑结构对于材料性能具有重要的作用。探索聚合物分子链拓扑结构与材料性能的关系一直是高分子材料科学研究的重要课题。活性/可控聚合技术为特定拓扑结构的分子链(如:梳形聚合物)设计合成提供了有效途径,进而可以方便地调控聚合物的分子结构及其性能。针对梳形聚合物的合成,目前主要采用三种合成策略,分别是"Graft onto"策略、"Graft through"策略和"Graft from"策略。结合作者课题组的工作,本文综述了以聚烯烃和聚苯乙烯为基础的梳形(共)聚合物的可控合成以及结构与性能关系的研究进展,重点阐述了长链支化结构参数(支链长度、支链密度和化学组成)对于聚合物熔体行为、发泡行为和结晶行为的影响规律。     

几种自组装拉胀分子网络的分子模拟

报道了几种蜈蚣形、双足蜈蚣形聚合物 ,以及单箭头、双箭头形小分子通过氢键自组装形成拉胀分子网络的分子设计 .分子力学计算结果表明这些自组装分子网络靠氢键相互作用规则排列 ,具有类似倒插蜂窝网络结构 ,所设计的聚合物、小分子的合成较之以往报道的二维网络结构的合成简便易行 ,为真正分子水平意义上的拉胀结构的实现提供了新的思路和指导     

Divergent synthesis of novel unsymmetrical dendrons containing photosensitizing units

The synthesis, characterization and singlet oxygen quantum yield of novel unsymmetrical dendrons containing photosensitizing units at their periphery is reported. Boc-protected 2,2′-(ethylenedioxy)-bis-ethylamine reacted with methyl acrylate and ethylene diamine to give half-dendrimers 4 and 5 with 2 and 4 end groups, respectively. Amine-tethered porphyrins and compounds 4 and 5 were efficiently coupled in DMF at 100 °C to give the functionalized dendrons. UV-visible and fluorescence emission spectra showed that the photophysical properties of the porphyrins were retained in the dendrimers.     

Preparation and Characterization of Head-to-Head Polymers. II. Head-to-Head Poly(methyl Acrylate)

Head-to-head poly(methyl acrylate) was prepared by esterification of the known alternating copolymer of ethylene and maleic anhydride. Some of the chemical,physical, and mechanical properties and the thermal degradation behavior of head-to-head poly(methyl acrylate) were studied and compared with those of head-to-tail poly(methyl acrylate). The T_g of the head-to-head polymer was higher than that of the head-to-tail polymer, but the solubilities of both types of polymers of comparable molecular weight were similar. Head-to-head poly(methyl acrylate) degraded thermally at approximately the same temperature and with a rate similar to head-to-tail poly(methyl acrylate). Unlike poly(methyl cinnamates) which cleanly degraded to monomers, poly(methyl acrylates), head-to-head and head-to-tail, degrade to very small molecules, such as CO₂, methanol, but also larger polymer fragments and char. Trace amounts of monomers (methyl acrylate) were also observed.     

Synthesis and characterizations of novel, positively charged poly(methyl acrylate)-SiO2 nanocomposites

A series of positively charged poly(methyl acrylate) (PMA)-SiO₂ nanocomposites were prepared through the sol-gel process of positively charged alkoxysilane-containing polymer precursors. The precursors were synthesized by coupling different amounts of N-[3-(Trimethoxysilyl) propyl] ethylene diamine (A-1120) to poly(methyl acrylate) (PMA), followed by a quaternization reaction. These precursors were then hydrolyzed and condensed to generate PMA-SiO₂ hybrid sol-gel materials. IR and ¹H NMR measurements were conducted to confirm the chemical structure of the step products during the hybrids preparation. Thermal stabilities of the hybrids were conducted by DSC, TGA and their nanoscale microphase separation was distinguished by FE-SEM. Anion-exchange capacities of these nanocomposites were examined to be in the range of 0.19−1.20 mmol/g.     

Fast growing dendritic poly(ester-amines) from alternate reaction of EDA and TMPTA

Starting with ethylene diamine (EDA) as the core, dendritic poly(ester-amines) were prepared from directly alternate reaction of EDA and trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPTA) under mild conditions without protection-deprotection steps. Multiple reactive hydrogen atoms in EDA and acrylate groups in TMPTA led to fast growing of dendrimers and the number of their peripheral groups.     

Fluorinated and ring‐substituted bisbenzimidazole copper complexes for ethylene/acrylate copolymerization

Bisbenzimidazole copper dichloride complexes (CuBBIMs), when activated with methylaluminoxane, catalyze the random copolymerization of ethylene with acrylates to produce highly linear functional copolymers. To probe the sensitivity of the copolymerization to the catalyst structure, a series of CuBBIM catalysts with various steric, electronic, and geometric ligand characteristics was prepared, including CuBBIMs having benzimidazole ring substituents and ligand backbones of various lengths. Four different acrylates were also evaluated as comonomers (t‐butyl acrylate, methyl acrylate, t‐butyl methacrylate, and methyl methacrylate). Although no obvious ligand‐based influences on copolymerization were identified, the structure of the acrylate comonomer was found to exert significant effects. Copolymers prepared with t‐butyl methacrylate comonomer exhibited the highest ethylene contents (31–63%), whereas those prepared with methyl acrylate contained only minor amounts of ethylene (<15%). Copolymerizations carried out at lowered acrylate feed levels generally had increased ethylene contents but showed smaller yields, lowered molecular weights, and increased branching. Unusual ketoester structures were also observed in the methyl acrylate and methyl methacrylate containing copolymers, suggesting that the acrylate ester group size may be an important controlling factor for copolymerization. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 1817–1840, 2006     

用双硫酯链转移法合成嵌段聚合物

研究了以双硫酯为链转移剂进行的均聚和嵌段共聚物的合成 .首先合成大分子链转移剂 ,得到分子量可控、多分散性系数较小的均聚物PMMA、PBMA、PEMA、PEA、PBA、PMA、PSt,多分散性系数一般小于 1 30 .在相同的条件下 ,甲基丙烯酸酯类的聚合速度最快 ,苯乙烯其次 ,丙烯酸酯类最慢 .用末端带有双硫酯基团的PSt、PBMA、PBA为链转移剂 ,加入多种第二单体聚合得到实测分子量与理论分子量接近 ,且多分散性系数较小的两嵌段聚合物 .在链转移剂和引发剂的比例为 3∶1～ 6∶1的范围内 ,聚苯乙烯同样可以作为第一嵌段得到和其它酯类单体的两嵌段聚合物 .1 H NMR方法证明了聚合物的末端带有双硫酯基团 .嵌段聚合时必须加入微量的自由基引发剂以形成大分子自由基 ,达到较好的控制聚合效果     

Reductive functionalization of carbon dioxide to methyl acrylate at zerovalent tungsten

Alkali metal reduction of tungsten tetrachloride in the presence of excess trimethylphosphite and ethylene affords moderate yields of trans-tetrakis(trimethylphosphite)tungsten bis(ethylene). This easily prepared species bearing inexpensive ancillary ligands promotes the oxidative coupling of carbon dioxide and ethylene at ambient temperature to produce two isomeric tetrakis(trimethylphosphite)tungsten acrylate hydride complexes. These isomers vary by the κ(2)-O,O and κ(3)-C,C,O coordination mode of the acrylate ligand, and swiftly interconvert in solution as detected by 2D NMR spectroscopy. The CO(2)-derived acrylate fragment may be released from the tungsten coordination sphere by treatment with methyl iodide to afford modest quantities of free methyl acrylate.     

α‐Diamine Nickel Catalysts with Nonplanar Chelate Rings for Ethylene Polymerization

A series of novel α‐diamine nickel complexes, (ArNH‐C(Me)‐(Me)C‐NHAr)NiBr₂, 1 : Ar=2,6‐diisopropylphenyl, 2 : Ar=2,6‐dimethylphenyl, 3 : Ar=phenyl), have been synthesized and characterized. X‐ray crystallographic analysis showed that the coordination geometry of the α‐diamine nickel complexes is markedly different from conventional α‐diimine nickel complexes, and that the chelate ring (N‐C‐C‐N‐Ni) of the α‐diamine nickel complex is significantly distorted. The α‐diamine nickel catalysts also display different steric effects on ethylene polymerization in comparison to the α‐diimine nickel catalyst. Increasing the steric hindrance of the α‐diamine ligand by substitution of the o‐methyl groups with o‐isopropyl groups leads to decreased polymerization activity and molecular weight; however, catalyst thermal stability is significantly enhanced. Living polymerizations of ethylene can be successfully achieved using 1 /Et₂AlCl at 35 °C or 2 /Et₂AlCl at 0 °C. The bulky α‐diamine nickel catalyst 1 with isopropyl substituents can additionally be used to control the branching topology of the obtained polyethylene at the same level of branching density by tuning the reaction temperature and ethylene pressure.     

Synthesis of ABCD 4‐miktoarm star polymers by combination of RAFT,ROP, and “Click Chemistry”

The ABCD 4‐miktoarm star polymers based on polystyrene (PS), poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL), poly(methyl acrylate) (PMA), and poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) were synthesized and characterized successfully. Using the mechanism transformation strategy, PS with three different functional groups (i.e., hydroxyl, alkyne, and trithiocarbonate), PS‐HEPPA‐SC(S)SC₁₂H₂₅, was synthesized by the reaction of the trithiocarbonate‐terminated PS with 2‐hydroxyethyl‐3‐(4‐(prop‐2‐ynyloxy)phenyl) acrylate (HEPPA) in tetrahydrofuran (THF) solution. Subsequently, the ring‐opening polymerization (ROP) of ε‐caprolactone (CL) was carried out in the presence of stannous(II) 2‐ethylhexanoate and PS‐HEPPA‐SC(S)SC₁₂H₂₅, and then the PS‐HEPPA(PCL)‐SC(S)SC₁₂H₂₅ obtained was used in reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization of methyl acrylate (MA) to produce the ABC 3‐miktoarm star polymer, S(PS)(PCL)(PMA) carrying an alkyne group. The ABCD 4‐miktoarm star polymer, S(PS)(PCL)(PMA)(PEO) was successfully prepared by click reaction of the alkyne group on the HEPPA unit with azide‐terminated PEO (PEO‐N₃). The target polymer and intermediates were characterized by NMR, FTIR, GPC, and DSC. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 6641–6653, 2008     

Synthesis and characterization of water‐soluble hyperbranched poly(ester amine)s from diacrylates and diamines

Various water‐soluble hyperbranched poly(ester amine)s were synthesized by the direct polyaddition of diamines to diacrylates in the absence of a catalyst. Each diamine contained a secondary amino group and a primary amino group such as 1‐(2‐aminoethyl)piperazine, N‐methyl‐1,3‐propanediamine, or N‐ethylethylenediamine. When the ratio of diacrylate to diamine was 1/1, no gelation was observed throughout the polymerization. When the ratio of diacrylate to diamine was 3/2, no crosslinking occurred in the diluted solution, whereas an insoluble network formed in the concentrated solution. Fourier transform infrared and mass spectrometry were used to investigate the reaction procedure. The secondary amino group of diamine reacted faster with the vinyl group of diacrylate; this resulted in the formation of the intermediate with an acrylate group and two active hydrogen atoms attached to a nitrogen atom. Further self‐polyaddition of the intermediate, a kind of AB₂‐type monomer, gave the hyperbranched poly(ester amine). © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 40: 2340–2349, 2002