Rewritable self-assembled long-period gratings in photonic bandgap fibers using microparticles

We report the demonstration of rewritable self-assembled long-period gratings in air-core photonic bandgap fibers. The long-period gratings are written by filling the air-core region of the fiber with a solution containing polystyrene microspheres. The microspheres are self-assembled into a periodic structure as the liquid inside the fiber evaporates, forming the long-period grating. The formed grating can then be easily erased for rewriting purposes by connecting the end of the fiber to a microfluidic pump through a microfluidic channel and washing out the microparticles with an appropriate liquid. The same microfluidic system can also be used to fine control the writing process of the gratings. This technique creates possibilities for writing various different filtering functions in air-core photonic bandgap fibers by varying the composition and/or the shape of the used microparticles. The presented technique is potentially applicable to solid-core photonic crystal fibers as well.     

菱形纤芯光子晶体光纤色散与双折射特性分析

针对光子晶体光纤多零色散点、高双折射的应用要求, 设计了一种新型结构的光子晶体光纤, 其纤芯由位于菱形四个角上的圆形空气孔组成. 通过有限元数值分析方法对该种结构光子晶体光纤的色散特性和双折射特性进行数值仿真, 得到色散与波长、色散与纤芯圆孔尺寸、双折射与波长、双折射与纤芯圆孔尺寸的关系. 研究结果表明:在满足光纤传输功率要求的条件下, 光纤的双折射在d₁<0.8 μupm 时的性能较好. 同时, 该种结构的光子晶体光纤在芯区直径满足d₁=0.4 μupm或 d₁=0.6 μupm时会出现两个零色散点, 这对进一步研制具有多零色散点的光子晶体光纤具有重要的意义.     

Gas sensing properties of index-guided PCF with air-core

The gas sensing properties of index-guided photonic crystal fiber (PCF) with air-core are investigated via full-vector finite element method. The relationships between the gas sensing properties of index-guided PCF with air-core and the fiber parameters, including the fiber length and the operating wavelength, have been discussed. The simulations show that the gas sensing sensitivity of the fiber increases significantly as the diameter of the air holes increases, and it decreases with the holes pitch. Compared with the traditional PCF, there is a great improvement in the sensing properties of our design. The results are helpful for designing high performance PCF for gases or liquids sensing.     

光子晶体光纤的弯曲损耗振荡特性分析

综合运用弯曲光纤的等效直光纤模型、全矢量频域有限差分法及各向异性完全匹配层吸收边界,计算了两种类型(折射率引导型和带隙型)光子晶体光纤(PCF)的弯曲损耗.通过数值模拟弯曲损耗随弯曲半径的变化关系,证实了两种光子晶体光纤均具有弯曲损耗振荡特性.进而分析了两种光子晶体光纤弯曲损耗振荡的产生机理并给出了与损耗峰对应的包层模式.结果表明,振荡的产生源于基模与包层模式的耦合,其中,折射率引导型光子晶体光纤的弯曲损耗振荡机理类似于传统双包层光纤,带隙型光子晶体光纤弯曲损耗振荡的产生则是两种不同类型的包层模式共同作用的结果.     

高双折射光子晶体光纤中均匀布拉格光栅的特性

研究了具有高双折射的光子晶体光纤(HB PCF)中均匀布拉格光栅(FBG)的光谱特性。利用紧凑的超格子模型,对光子晶体光纤的传输特性进行分析,研究正向传输和反向传输的模式之间的耦合规律,从而研究写入光子晶体光纤中的均匀布拉格光栅的特性。首先给出具有C6v对称性的零双折射光子晶体光纤中光纤布拉格光栅的布拉格波长λB随光纤结构参量的变化规律;然后分析一种高双折射光子晶体光纤中的光纤布拉格光栅的光谱特性,高双折射使两个不同偏振态的反射峰分开较大;最后分析了一种常用的双模双折射光子晶体光纤中光纤布拉格光栅的光谱特性,LP01模和LPe11模的两个偏振态对应的反射谱都由于高双折射而分开。     

Band structure of photonic crystal fibers with silica rings in triangular lattice

The characteristics of the cladding band structure of air-core photonic crystal fibers with silica rings in triangular lattice are investigated by using a standard plane wave method. The numerical results show that light can be localized in the air core by the photonic band gaps of the fiber. By increasing the air-filling fraction, the band gap edges of the low frequency photonic band gaps shift to shorter wavelength, whereas the band gap width decreases linearly. In order to make a specified light fall in the low frequency band gaps of the fiber, the interplay of the silica ring spacing and the air-filling fraction is also analyzed. It shows that the silica ring spacing increases monotonously when the air-filling fraction is increased, and the spacing range increases exponentially. This type fiber might have potential in infrared light transmission.     

Characteristics analysis of photonic crystal fiber with rhombus air-core

Aiming at the requirement of low confinement loss and multiple zero dispersion points in fiber-optic sensing systems and optical communication networks, a new type of photonic crystal fiber (PCF) with rhombus air-core is proposed. By using finite element method (FEM), the structural and optical properties of the proposed PCF are analyzed. Simulation results reveal that the proposed PCF has lower confinement loss with 10^?3 dB/m and higher birefringence. Besides, two zero dispersion points can be obtained after optimization. The proposed PCF may have important applications in fiber-optic sensing systems and other aspects.     

20-kW peak power all-fiber 1.57-microm source based on compression in air-core photonic bandgap fiber, its frequency doubling, and broadband generation from 430 to 1450 nm

We demonstrate an ultrashort all-fiber-integrated chirped-pulse amplification system yielding 1-ps pulses with 20 kW of peak power. 40-ps initial pulses generated by an externally modulated laser diode are chirped by self-phase modulation in a conventional fiber, amplified, and compressed in 110 m of air-core photonic bandgap fiber. The compressed pulses are frequency doubled in a periodically poled KTP crystal with up to 48% efficiency and applied to supercontinuum generation in a holey fiber, resulting in a high-power uniform continuum that stretches from 430 to 1450 nm.     

光子晶体光纤的原理、结构、制作及潜在应用

传统光纤中的光能损耗和色散是阻碍其进一步向大容量和远距离通信方向发展的主要原因，因此制造具有低色散和低损耗的光子晶体光纤成为光纤技术努力的方向。在介绍光子晶体光纤的制作、导光原理和特点的基础上，研究了普通光纤不具备，而光子晶体光纤所具有的无休止的单模特性、奇异的色散特性、可控的非线性和易于实现的多芯传输等特点。研究结果表明，光子晶体光纤在光纤传感器、光子晶体天线、超宽色散补偿、光学集成电路等多方面具有广泛的应用前景。     

Characteristics analysis of extruded elliptical hole photonic crystal fibers with square air-core

An extruded elliptical hole photonic crystal fibers PCF with square air-core is proposed. By using a full vector finite-element method FV-FEM and anisotropic perfectly matched layers APML, the structure and optical properties of the proposed PCF are analyzed. Simulation results show that the birefringence of the proposed photonic crystal fiber can be up to the order of 10⁻², and has a flattened dispersion from 1.20 μm to 1.80 μm. The proposed PCF may have important application in super-continuum SC generation, dispersion compensation, fiber-optic sensing systems and other aspects.     

Numerical Study on the Waveguiding Properties of Photonic Crystal Fibers

The photonic band structure, mode field distribution, and leakage loss of different photonic crystal fibers are studied by the full vectorial plane wave expansion method and an extended beam propagation method. A comparison on the waveguiding mechanism is conducted among solid-core triangular-lattice PCF, air-core honeycomb PCF, and solid-core honeycomb PCF. For the latter two structures, which conduct light by the photonic bandgap effect, the advantages of down-doped solid-core honeycomb structure are demonstrated for its Gaussian-like mode field distribution and low leakage loss. A combined study on the leakage loss and band structure of solid-core honeycomb PCF has revealed the distinctive properties of photonic bandgap effect.     

单模低损耗光子晶体光纤的设计及特性分析

设计了几种特殊结构的带隙光子晶体光纤,采用平面波展开法和频域有限差分方法研究了基于不同结构光子晶体光纤的带、模式、色散和色散斜率。由平面波展开法和频域有限差分方法求解麦克斯韦方程组导出本征值方程,可以得到带隙光子晶体光纤中可能存在的不同模式的传播常数、电场分布、本征频率和磁场分布。分别给出了第二圈填充率取三种不同值时带、模式、色散和色散斜率的变化。结果表明,当第二圈填充率改变时其特性有明显的变化。随着填充率从0．75减小到0．45,其二阶模分裂成两个类LP01模,可降低损耗。计算结果对单模和低损耗的光子晶体光纤的设计有参考价值。     

用于液压传感的双芯光子晶体光纤

采用全矢量有限元方法进行光纤设计优化,得到横截面上失去两层空气洞的双芯光子晶体光纤,可用于液压传感.优化的双芯光子晶体光纤的模场半径和数值孔径与单模光纤基本一致,在优化的双芯光子晶体光纤和单模光纤之间有一个相对较低的熔接损耗.计算结果表明由模场半径和数值孔径导致的不匹配造成的总共损耗可低至0.026 dB,低于传统光子晶体光纤和单模光纤0.1 dB的直接熔接损耗.对基于20 cm双芯光子晶体光纤的液压传感器的性能进行研究,结果表明在0～500 MPa量程内的灵敏度为-1.6 pm/MPa.     

矩形孔光子晶体光纤

采用全矢量有限元方法和完美匹配层条件,研究了一种在光纤包层中引入矩形孔的光子晶体光纤,提出一种实现高双折射光子晶体光纤的方法.模拟结果表明矩形孔光子晶体光纤具有椭圆孔光子晶体光纤类似的高双折射特性,其双折射高达0.01的量级,两种光子晶体光纤的模场、双折射、约束损耗等特性基本类似.     

三种典型结构光子晶体光纤基本特性的比较和分析

应用多极法比较和分析了相同结构参数下的正六边形、正八边形和正十边形光子晶体光纤的色散系数、色散斜率、非线性系数和限制损耗.正六边形光子晶体光纤更适合用于色散补偿和高非线性的研究,在波长0.8 μm处的非线性系数达到了0.37 m^-1·W^-1;正十边形光子晶体光纤更适合用于色散平坦和低限制损耗的研究,在波长0.8 μm处的限制损耗相对正六边形光子晶体光纤减小了约3000个数量级,在1.4—1.65 μm波长范围内,正十边形光纤的色散系数介于-0.07—0.17 p     

八边形结构的双折射光子晶体光纤

提出一种新型的双折射光子晶体光纤,在正八边形的基础上改变纤芯附近的几个空气孔的直径产生双折射.利用多极法对该光纤基模的模场分布、色散、限制损耗及双折射特性进行数值分析,并且分析了一些参数对双折射的影响.计算了具有相同参数的六边形结构光子晶体光纤的色散系数、限制损耗及双折射率.研究表明,具有相同参数的八边形结构光子晶体光纤比六边形结构光子晶体光纤的双折射率明显提高,限制损耗大幅度减小,零色散波长也向短波方向移动. 关键词： 光子晶体光纤 双折射 色散 限制损耗     

Formation of transverse structure of CW light beams in photonic crystal fibers with saturable gain

Transverse beam dynamics in a nonlinear photonic crystal fiber is studied numerically. The field decomposition in terms of Laguerre-Gaussian functions is used to simulate the propagation of a beam along the fiber. Symmetry breakdown due to the competition of transverse modes is demonstrated. Both the few-mode photonic crystal fiber and the endlessly single-mode photonic-crystal fiber are considered. In the photonic crystal fiber with broad gain region, the resulting beam structure is shown to depend strongly upon the initial conditions.     

压缩型双缺陷椭圆孔光子晶体光纤

提出了一种通过横向压缩普通圆孔光子晶体光纤,得到双缺陷椭圆孔光子晶体光纤的方法.所提出的双缺陷光子晶体光纤具有高双折射率,采用全矢量有限元方法和各向异性介质完美匹配层方法对该光子晶体光纤的双折射特性和约束损耗特性进行了研究.理论模拟结果表明所提出的光子晶体光纤的双折射率可以达到10－2量级.     

Demonstration of soliton self-frequency shift below 1300 nm in higher-order mode, solid silica-based fiber

We demonstrate soliton self-frequency shift of more than 12% of the optical frequency in a higher-order mode solid, silica-based fiber below 1300nm. This new class of fiber shows great promise for supporting Raman-shifted solitons below 1300nm in intermediate energy regimes of 1 to 10nJ that cannot be reached by index-guided photonic crystal fibers or air-core photonic bandgap fibers. By changing the input pulse energy of 200fs pulses from 1.36 to 1.63nJ we observe Raman-shifted solitons between 1064 and 1200nm with up to 57% power conversion efficiency and compressed output pulse widths less than 50fs. Furthermore, due to the dispersion characteristics of the HOM fiber, we observe redshifted Cerenkov radiation in the normal dispersion regime for appropriately energetic input pulses.     

Bandwidth enhancement by differential mode attenuation in multimode photonic crystal Bragg fibers

In multimode bandgap guiding fibers higher-order modes have high radiation losses. Once excited, after a short propagation distance such modes are leaked out of the fiber core. Reduction of the number of excited modes in the fiber core leads to a decrease of intermodal dispersion and a dramatic enhancement of fiber bandwidth. Due to the increase in the propagation loss, bandwidth enhancement by differential mode attenuation also leads to the reduction of the maximal length of a usable fiber span. We demonstrate that by proper design of a photonic crystal reflector long fiber spans of high bandwidth are possible.