水下爆炸异相气泡动力学特性的Euler有限元数值模拟研究北大核心CSCD

该研究基于Euler有限元方法建立了水下爆炸异相气泡动力学模型,将计算结果和气泡统一理论以及异相爆炸试验进行对比验证计算模型的有效性.通过和自由场单气泡进行对比分析,发现异相爆炸冲击波对气泡做功是异相爆炸气泡总能量增加的原因,相位差绝对值越接近π、距离参数越小气泡总能量损失越少,后产生的气泡会使先产生的气泡提前坍缩.气泡的射流方向受相位差影响,相位差为零时产生对向射流,其他相位差产生反向射流.     

计入气穴的水下爆炸作用下结构流固耦合三维数值模拟

水下爆炸在结构物面附近产生的气穴现象,严重影响水下爆炸作用下的流固耦合动响应,是舰船水下爆炸领域的难点,传统的边界元方法、有限元方法(FEM)难以解决水下爆炸气穴现象这类强非线性问题．针对此问题,计及流体中的气穴现象,考虑流体的可压缩型,忽略流体粘性,建立水下爆炸瞬态强非线性流固耦合三维数值模型,采用流体谱单元方法(SEM)和结构有限元方法求解该模型．计算结果表明:相对有限元法,谱单元法具有更高的计算精度,且谱单元解与解析解、试验值吻合良好．在此基础上,结合ABAQUS软件,分别探讨三维球壳、船体板架在水下爆炸作用下的瞬态流固耦合机理,给出气穴区域及其对水中结构物动响应的影响特征,旨在为舰船水下爆炸瞬态流固耦合问题的相关研究提供参考．     

水下爆炸气泡融合动态特性研究

在自然界中,气泡融合是一种重要的物理现象．基于势流理论,采用边界积分法,对水下爆炸气泡融合进行数值模拟研究．依据已有的数值研究成果和实验数据,建立气泡融合三维动力学数值模型,数值模拟结果与实验值吻合良好．应用该文开发的三维计算程序,分析距离、水深等特征参数对气泡融合动态特性的影响,得到了一些规律性的曲线和结论,旨在为水下爆炸气泡融合机理和动态特性研究提供理论参考．     

地下结构物在爆炸冲击波作用下的动力分析

提出了一种求解任意形地下结构物在爆炸冲击波作用下的动应力集中问题的半解析方法．爆炸冲击波以平面SH波的形式入射,并用Fourier变换方法将其转换到频域,不同形状地下结构物的导纳函数由复变函数和保角映射的方法求得．利用Fourier逆变换,进一步合成得到时域中的地下结构的动力响应,最后,对正方形、三角形及马蹄形孔洞附近的动应力集中系数作了数值计算,并给出了具体结果．     

强激波与流-固界面相互作用的数值模拟

1 引言强激波与流-固界面相互作用的数值模拟在实际问题中具有重要的应用,比如水下炸弹爆炸时产生的强大的冲击波对附近的舰船或水下潜艇会造成非常大的破坏,造成舰体严重变形甚至断裂．在此类问题中,界面两边的流体具有完全不同的特性,流体的密度、     

水中孤立气泡对声波的耗散作用

本文从气泡壁面线性运动方程出发,对水中孤立气泡的声耗散机理进行了分析。结果表明:气泡对声波具有明显的耗散作用;耗散作用由声散射和声吸收两部份组成;热传导在气泡对声波的耗散作用中起决定性作用;气泡处于谐振时,对声波具有最大的耗散作用。     

水下爆炸气泡与复杂弹塑性结构的相互作用研究

计及结构的弹塑性,将边界元法(BEM)与有限元法(FEM)耦合提出了气泡与弹塑性结构耦合动力学计算方法,并开发了全套的三维水下气泡分析程序（UBA）,计算值与实验值之间误差在10%以内．以水面舰船为例,将三维计算程序工程化．并分析了水下爆炸气泡载荷作用下船体的弹塑性响应,从船体结构典型单元上的应力时历曲线可以看出,在气泡坍塌时出现应力峰值,证实了气泡坍塌压力及射流引起的压力对舰船等结构造成严重毁伤．从气泡与舰船的相互作用中可以看出,舰船低阶垂向振型被激起,在气泡作用下呈鞭状运动,同时舰船随着气泡的膨胀和收缩作升沉运动,通过本文的分析得到了适合于工程应用的规律及结论．     

基于分形维数的爆炸分散过程中液体破碎特征提取

应用高速摄像仪对液体的爆炸分散实验过程进行了拍摄,得到了液体爆炸分散过程的时间序列.通过对灰度图像分形维数的分析,揭示了液体爆炸分散过程的机理.     

非牛顿流体中气泡过程的数值模拟

本文通过对有限区域内不同流体介质(如Carreau流体、Maxwell流体)下的淹没喷嘴产生的气泡生长过程的数值模拟,成功地求解了集气泡的非球性、流体流变性的复杂性以及流场本身的复杂于一身的典型流动问题,并探讨了流体的流变性、物性参数、外部条件对气泡过程的影响机理。     

高压水射流作用下岩石破碎机理及过程的数值模拟研究

根据连续介质力学和有限元理论,给出了高压水射流破岩系统中流体和岩石的控制方程,并建立了相应的有限元列式．运用连续损伤力学和细观损伤力学理论,建立了适用于水射流破岩全过程分析的岩石损伤模型以及宏细观损伤的耦合模式．数值计算的结果较真实地反映了水射流破岩过程中,岩石的动态响应以及水射流动力学特性的演化过程,普通连续水射流破碎岩石主体所用的时间为毫秒量级,破岩的主要形式是卸载及射流冲击所产生的拉伸破坏,并呈“阶跃式”发展．数值计算与相关试验结果基本吻合,表明该分析方法是可行的,可用来指导高压水射流破岩理论的进一步研究及应用．     

Damage analysis of arch concrete dams subjected to underwater explosion

The nonlinear behavior of arch concrete dams subjected to underwater explosions was investigated. Pressure waves were spherically modeled using a 3-D finite element method. The nonlinear behavior of concrete was modeled using the concrete damage plasticity model. In addition, absolute wave formulation was used to develop a fully-coupled model incorporating the propagation of the shock wave and water–dam interaction. Analysis of an arch concrete dam subject to underwater explosion was performed upon model verification. The dynamic response of the dam subject to the underwater explosion was studied for different sizes of explosions at different depths. The results showed that the closer the point to the explosive source, the sooner the impression and damage was caused by the blast. It was clear that the middle part of the dam facing the explosion was the first location to incur damage and then cracks extended to the downstream face and abutments. Finally, cracks extended to the bottom of the dam. The results of the dynamic analysis and dissipated energy by the loss of elements’ resistance indicated that the time slice of 150 ms was appropriate to analyze arch concrete dam structure subject to an underwater explosion. In addition, for a given amount of explosives, an increase in the depth of explosion corresponded to an increase in the maximum displacement of the upstream face of the dam. The results also confirmed that the damage distribution to the arch concrete dam subject to an underwater explosion depended upon the amount and depth of explosive materials.     

船体梁在水下近距爆炸作用下反直观动力行为的相似分析

针对漂浮船体梁结构在船舯底部近距爆炸作用下最终呈现的反直观中垂破坏现象进行了研究．首先以单发MK48鱼雷击沉DD973驱逐舰的实船打靶试验为例,建立了该问题的物理仿真模型,将水下爆炸冲击载荷的指数衰减段、倒数衰减段、倒数衰减后段和负压段压力精确加载到梁单元节点上进行求解,其中考虑了流固耦合效应、附连水质量以及重力和浮力变化的影响．之后利用相似理论对实船结构和箱型梁实验模型在中部下方近距爆炸作用下的整体动力响应进行分析,得到了决定船体梁中垂和中拱变形的相似参数及采用Rn数表示的理论预报公式,同时分析了各相似参数的物理意义和影响规律．     

PARALLEL ADAPTIVE SIMULATION OF A PLUNGING LIQUID JET

This paper is concerned with three-dimensional numerical simulation of a plunging liquid jet. The transient processes of forming an air cavity around the jet, capturing an initially large air bubble, and the break-up of this large toroidal-shaped bubble into smaller bubbles were analyzed. A stabilized finite element method （FEM） was employed under parallel numerical simulations based on adaptive, unstructured grid and coupled with a level-set method to track the interface between air and liquid. These simulations show that the inertia of the liquid jet initially depresses the pool＇s surface, forming an annular air cavity which surrounds the liquid jet. A toroidal liquid eddy which is subse- quently formed in the liquid pool results in air cavity collapse, and in turn entrains air into the liquid pool from the unstable annular air gap region around the liquid jet.     

Modelling bubble rise and interaction with a glass surface

A theoretical model has been developed to analyse bubble rise in water and subsequent impact and bounce against a horizontal glass plate. The multiscale nature of the problem, where the bubble size is on the millimetre range and the film drainage process happens on the micrometre to nanometre scale requires the combined use of different modelling techniques. On the macro scale we solve the full Navier–Stokes equations in cylindrical coordinates to model bubble rise whereas modelling film drainage on the micro scale is based on lubrication theory because the film Reynolds number becomes much smaller than unity. Quantitative predictions of this model are compared with experimental data obtained using synchronised high-speed cameras. Video recording of bubble rise and bounce trajectories are combined with interferometry data to deduce the position and time-dependent thickness of the thin water film trapped between the deformed bubble and the glass plate. Bubble rise velocity indicated that the boundary condition at the bubble surface was tangentially immobile. Quantitative comparisons are presented for bubbles of different size to quantify similarities and differences.     

Numerical Investigation of Cavitation Interacting with Pressure Wave

A computational fluid dynamics solver based on homogeneous cavitation model is employed to compute the two-phase cavitating flow. The model treats the two-phase regime as the homogeneous mixture of liquid and vapour which are locally assumed to be under both kinetic and thermodynamic equilibrium. As our focus is on pressure wave formation, propagation and its impact on cavitation bubble, the compressibility effects of liquid water have to be accounted for and hence the flow is considered to be compressible. The cavitating flow disturbed by the introduced pressure wave is simulated to investigate the unsteady features of cavitation due to the external perturbations. It is observed that the cavity becomes unstable, locally experiencing deformation or collapse, which depends on the shock wave intensity and freestream flow speed.     

Steady and Unsteady Jet Wiping Processes

The jet wiping process is widely used in continuous coating applications to remove the excess amount of liquid entrained by a sheet moving out of a liquid bath. Typical fields of applications are hot dip galvanization of metal strips and coating of photographic films. The process is based on the impact of a gas jet onto the liquid film carried by the solid substrate. In the present study the process is investigated for the case of strictly two‐dimensional flow. It is assumed that inertia effects on the film flow can be neglected, whereas the effects of the pressure gradient and the shear stress distribution of the impinging jet and the surface tension of the liquid film are taken into account. As a result it is possible to derive a single kinematic wave equation which governs the distribution of the film thickness. Numerical results for representative steady and unsteady processes including the formation of shock discontinuities are presented.     

Collapse criteria of foam cells under various loading

Recently porous materials are widely used in civil and mechanical engineering. In particular, such porous materials as metal and polymer foams have applications in lightweight structures. From mechanics point of view foams can demonstrate unusual behavior such as strain localization related to foam cells buckling under certain loads. The aim of this work is the elaboration of the model of foam material taking into account the cell collapse. We consider the cell collapse initiation during the elastic instability and its further evolution under loading. The geometrical structure of foam is generated with the use of the Voronoi algorithm. Based on stochastic distributions of cells we create various geometrical models of foams. The influence of the cell volume, wall thicknesses and material properties of the foam material on critical loads is obtained. The calculations are performed with the use of Abaqus CAD/CAE system. (© 2011 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)