洗衣机液体平衡环仿真模拟

波轮式洗衣机在脱水过程中会因离心力而产生强烈的振动，液体平衡环的纠偏特性是减振的最主要方式之一．平衡环通过环内液体流动产生的离心力来达到减振目的，因此平衡环内液体离心力数值的准确性直接影响仿真模拟的结果．过往研究采用离心力理论公式进行的仿真模拟与实验结果有较大偏差．而本文将FLUENT仿真得到的离心力数值，代入ADAMS中进行洗衣机整机的仿真，可以得到与实验更为接近的仿真结果．     

旋转薄圆盘的行波动力学特性分析

旋转圆盘是广泛应用于旋转机械装置中的基本结构元件,圆盘在高速旋转状态下会表现出与低速或非旋转状态下迥异的力学性能.本文对高速旋转薄圆盘横向振动的行波动力学特性进行了分析,建立了考虑离心力引起的薄膜内力影响下的动力学控制方程以及相应的边界条件.采用伽辽金法数值模拟了旋转圆盘前、后行波振动频率和动力屈曲失稳临界转速随着圆盘几何参数如半径比、厚度的变化规律,以及材料参数对于振动频率和临界转速的影响等.本文的数值计算可以同时给出圆盘旋转的前、后行波频率,并且结果与实验结果吻合良好.     

充液腔体内复杂流动及其系统动力学研究

分别对旋转和非旋转充液腔体,阐述了腔内液体各种流动求解理论与实验研究的进展, 简述了主要数值模拟方法的应用状况,并从系统动力学角度,讨论了充液腔体耦合系统动力 学中的相关问题.     

后墙拆分结构防护性能的实验和计算对比研究

为验证利用后墙拆分方式提升防护结构性能的可行性,通过开展数值模拟（铝弹丸直径6.0 mm,撞击速度5.0～8.3 km/s）和超高速撞击实验（铝弹丸直径6.0 mm,撞击速度约8.3 km/s）,研究了3种防护结构的性能差异以及不同撞击速度对结构防护性能的影响。防护结构主要包括Whipple结构和两种后墙拆分结构。针对直径6.0 mm铝弹丸分别以5.0、6.0、7.0、8.3 km/s的速度撞击防护结构的工况,借助Autodyn软件开展了数值模拟,并将模拟结果与在弹道靶设备上获得的超高速撞击实验结果进行了对比。模拟结果与实验结果均表明,在相同撞击状态下两种后墙拆分结构的防护性能有所差异,但均优于相同面密度的Whipple结构,且随着撞击速度的提高,这种优势具有增大的趋势。     

圆柱装药在偏心定向起爆时水中近场压力特性

对UHL-5装药在侧向9点偏心定向起爆和几何中心点起爆时的水下爆炸近场峰值压力分布特性进行实验研究和数值模拟,得到2种起爆条件下不同距离与方位角测点处冲击波峰值压力和侧向9点起爆时的定向增益区域.结果表明,对于5 kg圆柱形UHL-5装药,采用侧向9点偏心定向起爆方式时,在爆距750 mm、方位角90°范围内的流场区域...     

旋转容器内流体模型验证实验设计

依据盛有液体的旋转容器达到平衡时,液体的角速度与容器的角速度相等建立了实验模型,而且以此为基础设计了一种实验装置,来测量相对平衡时液体的角速度,并将其与容器的角速度数值进行比较寻找它们之间的关系.     

CMP流场的数值模拟及离心力影响分析

化学机械抛光(chemical mechanical polishing,CMP)是一项融合化学分解和机械力学的工艺, 其中包含了流体动力润滑的作用.在已有润滑方程的基础上, 提出并分析了带有离心力项的润滑方程.利用Chebyshev加速超松弛技术对有离心力项的润滑方程进行求解,得到离心力对抛光液压力分布的影响. 数值模拟结果表明,压力分布与不带离心力项的润滑方程得出的明显不同;无量纲载荷和转矩随中心膜厚、转角、倾角、抛光垫旋转角速度等参数的变化趋势相同,但数值相差较大, 抛光垫旋转角速度越大差别越大.      

基于双环单轴光纤陀螺仪的3位置寻北方法

光纤陀螺寻北仪的寻北精度与光纤陀螺仪的精度及其在单位置处的采样时间长度直接相关。针对传统单环单轴光纤陀螺4位置寻北方法的寻北精度受限于光纤陀螺仪精度和单位置采样时间的问题,提出了一种采用双环单轴光纤陀螺仪的3位置寻北方案。首先设计了一种双环单轴光纤陀螺仪。其次,基于双环单轴光纤陀螺仪,提出了一种旋转0、90、180的三位置寻北方法,推导出了航向表达式。最后,对所提方法进行了实验验证。实验结果表明,在相同单次寻北时间下,相比传统的单环单轴光纤陀螺仪4位置和2个正交放置的单环单轴光纤陀螺仪2位置寻北方法,采用所提出的方法,寻北精度分别提高了40.74%和21.95%,具有明显的精度和成本优势。     

基于Fluent的超高压撞击流乳化喷嘴的优化分析

高压液体通过喷嘴加速,形成高速射流,与相反方向的另一股射流相互撞击,发生强烈的相互作用,产生强烈的径向和轴向湍流速度分量以及狭窄的高压高速湍流区,在此区域内,相间或液滴间的碰撞互磨产生的挤压力和剪切力使流体被细化。本文从液体连续相撞击流的两个特征：微观混合和压力波动入手,逐一分析了撞击速度与微观混合、压力波动的关系,得出了压力波动与撞击流速度乱U0成正比关系,微观混合与U^3 0成正比的规律。同时,用流体模拟软件Fluent对喷嘴的结构和尺寸进行优化,并得出最合理的喷嘴结构和尺寸。模拟认为：在相同压力下,采用矩形槽,出口孔径为0．2mm,槽的深度为0．27mm的结构时撞击速度达到最大,并通过实验验证了这一结论。     

研究流体在偏心环空内流动的新方法

使用双极坐标系研究流体在偏心环空内的流动。给出该坐标系下流体力学基本方程组。对牛顿流体的轴向流、旋转流求得它们的精确级数解和相应的数值结果。     

Stability of free convection in a rotating porous layer distant from the axis of rotation

The stability and onset of convection in a rotating fluid saturated porous layer subject to a centrifugal body force and placed at an offset distance from the center of rotation is investigated analytically. The marginal stability criterion is established in terms of a critical centrifugal Rayleigh number and a critical wave number for different values of the parameter representing the dimensionless offset distance from the center of rotation. At the limit of an infinite distance from the center of rotation the results are identical to the convection resulting from heating a porous layer from below subject to the gravitational body force. At the other limit, when the parameter controlling the offset distance approaches zero, the results converge to previously found solutions for the convection in a porous layer adjacent to the axis of rotation. The results provide the stability map for all positive values of the parameter controlling the offset distance from the center of rotation, hence bridging the gap between the two extreme limit cases.     

Experiments on the flow of a thin liquid film over a horizontal stationary and rotating disk surface

Experiments on characterization of thin liquid films flowing over stationary and rotating disk surfaces are described. The thin liquid film was created by introducing deionized water from a flow collar at the center of an aluminum disk with a known initial film thickness and uniform radial velocity. Radial film thickness distribution was measured using a non-intrusive laser light interface reflection technique that enabled the measurement of the instantaneous film thickness over a finite segment of the disk. Experiments were performed for a range of flow rates between 3.0 lpm and 15.0 lpm, corresponding to Reynolds numbers based on the liquid inlet gap height and velocity between 238 and 1,188. The angular speed of the disk was varied from 0 rpm to 300 rpm. When the disk was stationary, a circular hydraulic jump was present in the liquid film. The liquid-film thickness in the subcritical region (downstream of the hydraulic jump) was an order of magnitude greater than that in the supercritical region (upstream of the hydraulic jump) which was of the order of 0.3 mm. As the Reynolds number increased, the hydraulic jump migrated toward the edge of the disk. In the case of rotation, the liquid-film thickness exhibited a maximum on the disk surface. The liquid-film inertia and friction influenced the inner region where the film thickness progressively increased. The outer region where the film thickness decreased was primarily affected by the centrifugal forces. A flow visualization study of the thin film was also performed to determine the characteristics of the waves on the free surface. At high rotational speeds, spiral waves were observed on the liquid film. It was also determined that the angle of the waves which form on the liquid surface was a function of the ratio of local radial to tangential velocity.     

On the dynamics of the fluid balancer

This paper is concerned with the dynamics of a so-called fluid balancer; a hula hoop ring-like structure containing a small amount of liquid which, during rotation, is spun out to form a thin liquid layer on the outermost inner surface of the ring. The liquid is able to counteract unbalanced mass in an elastically mounted rotor. The paper derives the equations of motion for the coupled fluid–structure system, with the fluid equations based on shallow water theory. An approximate analytical solution is obtained via the method of multiple scales. For a rotor with an unbalance mass, and without fluid, it is well known that the unbalance mass is in the direction of the rotor deflection at sub-critical rotation speeds, and opposite to the direction of the rotor deflection at super-critical rotation speeds (when seen from a rotating coordinate system, attached to the rotor). The perturbation analysis of the problem involving fluid shows that the mass center of the fluid layer is in the direction of the rotor deflection for any rotation speed. In this way a surface wave on the fluid layer can counterbalance an unbalanced mass.     

EFFECT OF SPANWISE SYSTEM ROTATION ON SPATIALLY DEVELOPING DEAN VORTICES

Three-dimensional spatially developing Navier–Stokes calculations are carried out to simulate the flow in a curved, rotating channel. The competition between centrifugal and Coriolis forces, expressed by the ratio of the Dean number to the rotation number, gives rise to a variety of possible instability modes characterized by the presence of streamwise vortices. Cases in which the force produced by system rotation enhances or opposes the centrifugal force are treated and the effect on the ensuing instability are analysed. Evidence for a generalized Eckhaus instability of rotating Dean vortices is presented.     

Simulation on projectile with high rotating speed penetrating into the moving vehicular door

The numerical program LS-DYNA, is used to simulate the process of the projectile with high rotating speed penetrating into the moving vehicular door. Because of the moving of the vehicular door, the projectile will turn, and the ballistic trajectory will migrate. The paper provides a method to calculate the projectile’s angle of turning’s curve. In the process of the penetration, the projectile’s moving speed is 300 m/s, rotating speed is 0, 3600 n/s and 6370 n/s. The vehicular door’s moving speed is 0, 40 m/s and 80 m/s. The projectile is the semi-sphere nose projectile whose diameter is 7.62 mm; the vehicular door’s thickness is 2 mm. The material model is the JOHN-COOK material model that can characterize strain, strain rate hardening and thermal softening effects. Through comparing with the results by simulation to study the effects of the projectile’s final velocity, the angle of rotation and the ballistic trajectory’s migration with different projectile’s rotating speeds and the vehicular door’s moving speeds.     

高速转动圆盘流动数值模拟研究

重点研究高速离心压气机叶轮与机匣间的间隙流动及其温度分布。研究将离心压气机简化为高速转动圆盘,搭建了相关实验平台,并开展了相应的数值模拟研究。通过改变转动圆盘的转速和轴向进入的冷却流的流量,研究了转速和流量对于间隙内温度和速度分布的影响。结果显示,转速是影响温度变化的最主要因素,转速越大,温度越高;同等幅度的流量变化对温度的影响则较小。研究发现,在实验和模拟对应的大雷诺数条件下,无量纲的速度分布基本不受到圆盘转速、冷却流量和温度场的影响。     

Convective instability of a rotating fluid

A physical system may be in thermodynamic equilibrium when participating as a whole in uniform rotational motion [1]. In particular, mechanical equilibrium of a liquid in a cavity rotating about a stationary axis with the constant angular velocity (solid-body rotation of the liquid) is possible. If the liquid is uniform in composition and isothermal, then such equilibrium, as shown in [2], is stable for all . However, in the case of a nonuniformly heated liquid, stability of the solid-state rotation is, generally speaking, impossible.The appearance of two steady-state force fields is associated with uniform rotation: the centrifugal field and the Coriolis force field. The former field forces the liquid elements which are less heated and therefore more dense to move away from the axis of rotation, displacing the less dense liquid layers (centrifugation). If we maintain in the liquid a temperature gradient which prevents the establishment of equilibrium stratification of the liquid, then with a suitable value of this gradient (the magnitude obviously depending on ) undamped flows—convection—will develop in the liquid. Thus, while in conventional gravitational convection the gravity field is the reason for the appearance of the Archimedes buoyant forces, in the rotating cavity the mixing of the nonuniformly heated liquid is caused by the centrifugal field. As soon as the convective flows arise the Coriolis forces come into play. Account for the latter, as is shown below, prevents reducing in a trivial fashion the study of convective stability of rotating liquid to the well-studied problems of gravitational convection.     

离心惯性力效应对超临界二氧化碳干气密封流场与密封特性影响分析

为揭示离心惯性力效应对S-CO₂干气密封流场与密封特性的影响规律，以螺旋槽干气密封为研究对象，引用考虑离心惯性力效应的Reynolds方程，在考虑气膜真实气体效应、黏度随压力与温度双重变化的同时，基于N-S方程与能量守恒定律，建立了绝热状态下考虑离心惯性力效应作用的能量控制方程. 然后，采用有限差分法对压力控制方程与能量控制方程进行耦合求解，并对考虑离心惯性力效应与没有考虑离心惯性力效应下的压力分布、温度分布以及密封特性进行了分析讨论. 研究表明:离心惯性力效应具有削弱流场内压力与温度的作用；从避免凝结流动角度考虑，离心惯性力效应引起的温降将不利于S-CO₂干气密封；考虑离心惯性力效应作用时，气膜开启力在不同槽深与转速下存在最佳工况点，泄漏率随着转速的增加显著减小，而离心惯性力效应与膜厚之间没有强交互作用；考虑离心惯性力效应作用的气膜开启力、泄漏率、出口温度均比不考虑离心惯性力效应作用的小，且这种差异随着转速的增大而增加，而随着膜厚的变化没有改变. 这些结果为进一步研究S-CO₂干气密封奠定了一定的理论基础.      

Steady Flow Generated by a Core Oscillating in a Rotating Spherical Cavity

Steady flow generated by oscillations of an inner solid core in a fluid-filled rotating spherical cavity is experimentally studied. The core with density less than the fluid density is located near the center of the cavity and is acted upon by a centrifugal force. The gravity field directed perpendicular to the rotation axis leads to a stationary displacement of the core from the rotation axis. As a result, in the frame of reference attached to the cavity, the core performs circular oscillation with frequency equal to the rotation frequency, and its center moves along a circular trajectory in the equatorial plane around the center of the cavity. For the differential rotation of the core to be absent, one of the poles of the core is connected to the nearest pole of the cavity with a torsionally elastic, flexible fishing line. It is found that the oscillation of the core generates axisymmetric azimuthal fluid flow in the cavity which has the form of nested liquid columns rotating with different angular velocities. Comparison with the case of a free oscillating core which performs mean differential rotation suggests the existence of two mechanisms of flow generation (due to the differential rotation of the core in the Ekman layer and due to the oscillation of the core in the oscillating boundary layers).