Automated synthesis of transmission lines loaded with complementary split ring resonators (CSRRs) and open complementary split ring resonators (OCSRRs) through aggressive space mapping (ASM)

This paper is focused on the application of space mapping optimization to the automated synthesis of transmission lines loaded with complementary split ring resonators (CSRRs) and open complementary split ring resonators (OCSRRs). These structures are of interest for the implementation of resonant-type metamaterial transmission lines and for the design of planar microwave circuits based on such complementary resonators. The paper presents a method to generate the layouts of CSRR- and OCSRR-loaded microstrip lines from the elements of their equivalent circuit models. Using the so-called aggressive space mapping, a specific implementation that uses quasi-Newton type iteration, we have developed synthesis algorithms that are able to provide the topology of these CSRR- and OCSRR-loaded lines in few steps. The most relevant aspect, however, is that this synthesis process is completely automatic, i.e., it does not require any action from the designers, other than initiating the algorithm. Moreover, this technique can be translated to other electrically small planar elements described by lumped element equivalent circuit models.     

Selective mode suppression in coplanar waveguides using metamaterial resonators

In this paper, it is shown that split-ring resonators (SRRs) and complementary split-ring resonators (CSRRs) can be used to selectively suppress the odd (slot) mode or the even (fundamental) mode, respectively, in coplanar waveguides. To this end, it is necessary to symmetrically etch the SRRs and the CSRRs in the line. An interpretation of this behavior is reported. The paper is also supported by experimental results, and some applications are highlighted.     

Crystal quartz optical whispering-gallery resonators

A quality factor exceeding 5x10(9) is obtained in whispering-gallery mode (WGM) resonators fabricated of crystalline quartz. We observe significant electrical tunability of WGMs in x-cut resonators and demonstrate an electro-optic modulator with a submegahertz passband at 12 GHz. We discuss other photonics applications of the crystal quartz WGM resonators in narrowband agile tunable filters, compact narrow linewidth lasers, and microwave and millimeter wave oscillators.     

新型复合左右手传输线及其在滤波器设计中的应用

开环谐振器阵列由于结构庞大, 难以实现小型化, 而逆开环谐振器则由于刻蚀在接地板上, 容易对微波电路中其他部件造成干扰. 针对上述问题, 提出了一种新型双层介质复合左右手传输线结构, 并提取了其等效相对介电常数和等效相对磁导率, 然后分析了新结构的尺寸参数对其传输特性的影响程度, 最后将一种新型Minkowski分形曲线应用于该结构, 设计和制作了两款双频滤波器, 验证了该复合左右手传输线的双频特性.     

Ring resonators with N × M couplers

Multiple-zero multiple-pole optical filter transfer functions may be implemented more efficiently in an integrated optics architecture if higher order N × M optical couplers are utilized. For example, a coherent ring resonator made from two 3×3 couplers offers some advantages over the three mirror Fabry-Perot etalon, which is its analog. To this end we develop the formalism for obtaining the transfer functions and scattering matrices of ring resonators made from two N × M couplers. We then present a methodology for analyzing serial and parallel systems of N × M optical coupler ring resonators.     

High-power solid-state lasers with unstable resonators

The thermal lensing properties of stable and unstable resonators are compared and rules are given for the design of optimized unstable resonators containing a focusing rod. Experimental verification with a high-power Nd: YAG system proved that for unstable resonators the restricting relationship between beam quality and output power no longer holds. Careful resonator design enables high output power to be extracted with unstable resonators without destroying the output couplers.     

C波段卫星通信中高温超导双工器的研制

文中提出一种紧凑型的c波段高温超导双工器的设计方法,利用一个公共输入节点和两个带通滤波器组成双工器。公共节点是由中心谐振频率处在防护频带上的开环微带环实现,每个带通滤波器都包括四个矩形螺旋线谐振器。双工器的中心频率为4GHz,带宽为0.23GHz。该双工器采用氧化镁衬底双面镝钡铜氧高温超导薄膜加工而成,薄膜上下表面均溅射金保护层。将超导双工器封装在铜制屏蔽盒中并在机械制冷机(77K温度条件)中测试。实验结果表明,每个信道的插入损耗低于0.1dB,两个信道间的隔离度超过40dB。仿真和实验结果达到很好的吻合,有效的说明了设计方法的正确性。     

High-power solid-state lasers with unstable resonators

The thermal lensing properties of stable and unstable resonators are compared and rules are given for the design of optimized unstable resonators containing a focusing rod. Experimental verification with a high-power Nd: YAG system proved that for unstable resonators the restricting relationship between beam quality and output power no longer holds. Careful resonator design enables high output power to be extracted with unstable resonators without destroying the output couplers.     

Theory of integrated ring resonators using electro-optical couplers

In this paper we focus on integrated resonators that employ electro-optical couplers and phase shifters and, thus, are capable of providing high-speed channel tunability and coupling constant variation. We find that, although a conventional operation is always attainable, integrated resonators can, in some cases, present an anomalous behavior compared to that of their fiber-based equivalents. These can have potential applications.     

Subwavelength grating waveguide devices in siliconon-insulators for integrated microwave photonics

We provide an overview of our recent work on developing subwavelength grating(SWG) waveguide devices as an enabling technology for integrated microwave photonics. First, we describe wavelength-selective SWG waveguide filters, including ring resonators, Bragg gratings, and contradirectional couplers. Second, we discuss the development of an index variable optical true time delay line that exploits spatial diversity in an equal-length waveguide array. These SWG waveguide components are fundamental building blocks for realizing more complex structures for advanced microwave photonic signal processing.     

Compact bandwidth-tunable microring resonators

Using interferometric couplers and thermal tuning, we demonstrate a novel design of compact microring resonators on silicon-on-insulator platform with tunable bandwidth from 0.1 to 0.7 nm. The structures present an extinction ratio higher than 23 dB and a footprint of less than 0.001 mm(2), which are suitable for integrated optical signal processing such as reconfigurable filtering and routing.     

Electro-optically tunable microring resonators on lithium niobate

Electro-optical tuning of a microring resonator fabricated on lithium niobate (LiNbO3) is presented. The device structure, including microring resonator and couplers, is designed in detail and is produced by titanium diffusion on the wet-etched LiNbO3 ridge surface. The resonance wavelengths for TM and TE polarizations can be tuned by electro-optic effect. The output characteristics of through port and drop port in the microring resonators are measured, and the effect of applied voltage on the shift of resonant wavelength is discussed. The presented microring resonators have the features of fast tuning speed, high material stability, bidirection wavelength shift, and no heating interference. Realization of such a microring resonator on LiNbO3 makes the utilization of electro-optic tuning and nonlinear effects in the versatile photonic applications of microring resonators achievable.     

Compact cavity resonators using high impedance surfaces

This paper presents a miniaturization concept for cavity resonators. The idea is to create a λ/4 long cavity resonator by using a combination of Perfect Electric Conductor (PEC) and Perfect Magnetic Conductor (PMC) boundary conditions. Reducing by half the length and width of a metallic cavity resonator and placing PMC boundary conditions on two adjacent side walls allows the resonance of a λ/4 mode inside the hybrid cavity resonator, at the same frequency as the λ/2 long metallic one. The practical implementation of the PMC boundary condition is realized by using High Impedance Surfaces (HIS). The design of the surfaces is realized at the element level and is implemented on standard microwave substrate. Measurements demonstrate a cavity resonator operating at 4 GHz with half the length and width of a metallic cavity resonator, meanwhile its volume is divided by four.     

基于发卡式开口谐振环的柔性双频带超材料

本文设计了一种基于开口谐振环(split ring resonator, SRR)混合排列单元格的小型化双频带超材料(metamaterial, MM). 该MM的单元结构为发卡式SRR, 所设计的双频带MM可以应用于无线局域网(2.4 GHz) 和全球微波互联接入(3.5GHz)系统. 并且, 采用柔性介质作为基板增加了MM的柔韧度和普适性, 实验和测试结果表明: 双频带MM的中心频率可以通过调节SRR的尺寸进行控制. 此外, 本文也对MM在不同入射角的情况进行了分析, 结果表明MM对入射角度不敏感.最后, 通过MM的表面电流分布情况研究, 进一步解释了其双频带谐振频率的产生原理.     

Temperature compensated, high permittivity dielectric resonators for millimeter wave systems

The properties of selected low loss, temperature compensated high permittivity microwave and millimetre wave dielectrics are summarised and experimental convenience suggests that planar hybrid microstrip is the preferred circuit technology for the initial studies of dielectric resonators at the millimetre wavelengths. Data are presented for temperature stabilised oscillators and some simple band pass filters are discussed.This paper is based on a talk given by G. B. Morgan, Dielectric resonators for millimetre wave circuits, Digest No. 1983/8, Inst. of Elect. Eng. Colloquium on Millimetre Waves, pp. 6.1–6.5, Jan. 1983.     

Compact superconducting single-and dual-band filter design using multimode stepped-impedance resonator

This study presents two multimode stepped-impedance structures to design single-and dual-band filters. Transmission zeroes are introduced for the single-band filter by using dual-mode stepped-impedance resonators. The single-band filter with high selectivity is centered at 6.02 GHz and has a fractional bandwidth(FBW) of 25.6%. Four stubs(two low frequency and two high frequency ones) are connected to the rectangular patch in the center to construct a quadruplemode resonator. The independent conditions of the center frequencies of the high and low bands of the resonator are analyzed. A dual-band filter, which operates at 1.53 GHz and 2.44 GHz with FWBs of 12.1% and 14.1%, respectively is designed. The single-and dual-band filters are both fabricated with double-sided YBCO films and they can be used in mobile and satellite communications.     

Mode cycling in microring optical resonators

Electromagnetic resonators are important not only as realizable models of fundamental concepts in classical and quantum physics, based on the existence and properties of eigenmodes, but also in the practical design of lasers, amplifiers, sensors, filters, and delay lines. Coupled-eigenmode systems may be realized via the multiple eigenmodes of a single resonator or by the coupling of a mode across multiple resonators. Mode cycling is demonstrated as a distinct concept of sequential population transfer in coupled multiple-eigenvalue resonators. Based on this principle, a coupled polymeric microring resonator interferometer is fabricated and characterized; the device achieves greater than 30 dB extinction and (loaded) Q approximately 5.5 x 10(3).     

Simulation of 60-GHz microwave photonic filters based on serially coupled silicon microring resonators

The microwave photonic filters (MPFs) based on serially coupled silicon microring resonators (MRRs) are theoretically analyzed for the application of 60-GHz millimeter wave wireless personal area networks. This is achieved by calculating the improvement of bit error ratio (BER). According to the simulation results, the requirement of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the received data can be reduced by 14 dB for the same BER with and without MPFs. The performance of the MPF with five serially coupled microring structures is better than that of the MPF with a single microring, owing to the improvement of the shape factor.     

Engineering of the metamaterial-based cut-band filter

Metamaterial-based cut-band filters are realized by combining either split-ring resonators (SRRs) close to a microstrip line or complementary split-ring resonators under this line. Indeed, their use reduces the size of conventional microwave filters. The study of this paper focuses on the influence of the association of different arrays of SRR especially on the bandwidth of the cut-band filter.     

Coupling between microring resonators in presence of Kerr effect

The high degree of intensity values in microring resonators needs a careful treatment of nonlinear phenomena. Nonlinear effects are analyzed in coupling problem of ring-ring directional couplers. It has been observed that the nonlinearity affects the coupling device dramatically, and can be used as controlling techniques in such as coupled resonator optical waveguides.