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1.
A reliable high‐throughput ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC‐MS/MS) method was developed and validated for oleanolic acid (OA) determination in rat plasma and liver tissue using glycyrrhetic acid as the internal standard (IS). Plasma and liver homogenate samples were prepared using solid‐phase extraction. Chromatographic separation was achieved on a C18 column using an isocratic mobile phase system. The detection was performed by multiple reaction monitoring mode via positive electrospray ionization interface. The calibration curves showed good linearity (R2 > 0.9997) within the tested concentration ranges. The lower limit of quantification for plasma and liver tissue was ≤0.75 ng/mL. The intra‐ and inter‐day precision and accuracy deviations were within ±15% in plasma and liver tissue. The mean extraction recoveries ranged from 80.8 to 87.0%. In addition, the carryover, matrix effect, stability and robustness involved in the method were also validated. The method was successfully applied to the plasma and hepatic pharmacokinetics of OA after oral administration to rats. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

2.
A simple, sensitive and robust liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LCESI-MS/MS) method with low matrix effects was developed and validated for the quantification of the lipophilic antipsychotic ziprasidone from rat plasma and brain tissue. Ziprasidone was extracted from rat plasma and brain homogenate using a single-step liquid-liquid extraction. Ziprasidone was separated on an Agilent Eclipse XDB C8 column (150 x 2.1 mm i.d., 5 microm) column using a mobile phase of acetonitrile-0.02% ammonia in water (pH 7.20 adjusted with formic acid) using gradient elution. Ziprasidone was detected in the positive ion mode using multiple reaction monitoring. The method was validated and the specificity, linearity, lower limit of quantitation (LLOQ), precision, accuracy, recovery, matrix effects and stability were determined. The LLOQ was 0.2 ng/mL for plasma and 0.833 ng/g for brain tissue. The method was linear over the concentration range from 0.2 to 200.0 ng/mL for plasma and 0.833-833.3 ng/g for brain tissue. The correlation coefficient (R2) values were more than 0.996 for both plasma and brain homogenate. The precision and accuracy intra-day and inter-day were better than 8.13%. The relative and absolute recovery was above 81.0% and matrix effects were lower than 5.2%. This validated method has been successfully used to quantify the rat plasma and brain tissue concentration of ziprasidone after chronic treatment.  相似文献   

3.
Through blocking the cardiac persistent sodium current, riluzole has the potential to prevent myocardial damage post cardiac bypass surgery. A sensitive UHPLC–MS/MS method was developed and validated for quantitation of riluzole and 5‐methoxypsoralen in human plasma and myocardial tissue homogenate using a liquid–liquid extraction with dichloromethane. The chromatographic separation was achieved using Shimadzu Shim‐pack XR‐ODS III, 2.0 × 50 mm, 1.6 μm column with a gradient mobile phase comprising methanol and ammonium acetate buffer pH 3.6 in purified water. The analyte and internal standard were separated within 3.5 min. Riluzole quantitation was achieved using the mass transitions of 235–138 for riluzole and 217–156 for 5‐methoxypsoralen. The method was linear for riluzole plasma concentrations from 0.2 to 500 ng/mL and myocardial tissue homogenate concentrations from 0.2 to 100 ng/mL. The method developed was successfully applied to a clinical study for patients receiving riluzole while undergoing cardiac bypass surgery.  相似文献   

4.
Eflornithine (α‐difluoromethylornithine) has been used to treat second‐stage (or meningoencephalitic‐stage) human African trypanosomiasis and currently is under clinical development for cancer prevention. In this study, a new ultraperformance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC‐MS/MS)‐based assay was developed and validated for the quantification of eflornithine in rat brain. To improve chromatographic retention and MS detection, eflornithine was derivatized with 6‐aminoquinolyl‐N‐hydroxysuccinimidyl carbamate for 5 min at room temperature prior to injection. Derivatized eflornithine was separated on a reverse‐phase C18 UPLC column with a 6‐min gradient; elution occurred at approximately 1.5 min. Prior to derivatization, eflornithine was reproducibly extracted from rat brain homogenate by methanol protein precipitation (~70% recovery). Derivatized eflornithine was stable in the autosampler (6 °C) for at least 24 h. This new assay had acceptable intra‐ and interday accuracy and precision over a wide dynamic range (5000‐fold) and excellent sensitivity with a lower limit of quantification of 0.1 µm (18 ng/mL) using only 10 μL of rat brain homogenate. The validated eflornithine assay was applied successfully to determine eflornithine distribution in different regions of rat brain in an in situ rat brain perfusion study. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

5.
A simple and sensitive LC‐MS/MS method was developed and validated for the quantitation of pitolisant, an H3 receptor antagonist/inverse agonist. Acetonitrile protein precipitation technique was used to prepare rat blood and brain tissue homogenate samples by using aripiprazole as internal standard (IS). Chromatographic separation was performed by using Xbridge column (2.1 × 50 mm, 3.5 µm) with a gradient elution program. The mobile phase consists of ammonium formate (10 mm ) with 0.2% formic acid and acetonitrile. Multiple reaction monitoring mode was used in positive polarity with a transition of m/z 296.3 → 98.2 for the pitolisant and m/z 448.2 → 285.3 for the IS. The calibration curves were linear in the range of 0.1–100 ng/mL in both the blood and brain homogenate samples. This method was applied to quantify samples obtained from the pharmacokinetic and brain penetration studies in male wistar rats. Mean maximum concentration, area under the curve from zero to infinity and half‐life of the pitolisant were found to be 3.4 ± 1.7 ng/mL, 5 ± 4 ng h/mL and 1.9 ± 0.3 h, respectively, after a 3 mg/kg oral dose. The mean calculated concentrations in the brain were found to be 38, 60 and 52 ng/g at 0.5, 1 and 2 h, respectively. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

6.
A sensitive high‐performance liquid chromatography–positive ion electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS) method was developed and validated for the quantification of methyllycaconitine (MLA) in rat plasma and brain tissue. Following acetonitrile protein precipitation, the analyte was separated using a gradient mobile phase on a reversed‐phase column and analyzed by MS/MS in the multiple reaction monitoring mode using the respective [M + H]+ ions, m/z 683–216 for MLA and m/z 260–116 for the internal standard. The assay exhibited a linear dynamic range of 0.5–250 ng/mL for MLA in rat plasma and brain tissue. The lower limit of quantification was 0.5 ng/mL. Acceptable precision (<12%) and accuracy (100 ± 6%) were obtained for concentrations over the standard curve range. The method was successfully applied to quantify MLA concentrations in a rodent pharmacokinetic and brain penetration study. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

7.
A highly sensitive, accurate and robust LC‐MS/MS method was developed and validated for determination of nimorazole (NMZ) in rat plasma using metronidazole (MNZ) as internal standard (IS). The analyte and IS were extracted from plasma by precipitating protein with acetonitrile and were chromatographed using an Agilent Poroshell 120, EC‐C18 column. The mobile phase was composed of a mixture of acetonitrile and 0.1 % formic acid (85:15 v/v). The total run time was 1.5 min and injection volume was 5 μL. Multiple reaction monitoring mode using the transitions of m/z 227.1 → m/z 114.0 for MNZ and m/z 172.10 → m/z 128.1 for IS were monitored on a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer, operating in positive ion mode. The calibration curve was linear in the range of 0.25–200 ng/mL (r2 > 0.9996) and the lower limit of quantification was 0.25 ng/mL in the rat plasma samples. Recoveries of NMZ ranged between 88.05 and 95.25%. The precision (intra‐day and inter‐day) and accuracy of the quality control samples were 1.25–8.20% and ?2.50–3.10, respectively. The analyte and IS were found to be stable during all sample storage and analysis procedures. The LC‐MS/MS method described here was validated and successfully applied to pharmacokinetic study in rats. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

8.
This study presents a simple and sensitive high‐throughput matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight tandem mass spectrometry (MALDI‐MS/MS) method for ex vivo quantification of methylphenidate (MPH) in rat plasma and brain. The common MALDI matrix alpha‐cyano‐4‐hydroxycinnamic acid was used to obtain an optimal dried droplet preparation. For method validation, standards diluted in plasma and brain homogenate prepared from untreated (control) rats were used. MPH was quantified within a concentration range of 0.1–40 ng/ml in plasma and 0.4–40 ng/ml in brain homogenate with an excellent linearity (R2 ≥ 0.9997) and good precision. The intra‐day and inter‐day accuracies fulfilled the FDA's ±15/20 critera. The recovery of MPH ranged from 93.8 to 98.5% and 87.2 to 99.8% in plasma and homogenate, respectively. We show that MPH is successfully quantified in plasma and brain homogenate of rats pre‐treated with this drug using the internal standard calibration method. By means of this method, a linear correlation between plasma and brain concentration of MPH in rodents pre‐treated with MPH was detected. The simple sample preparation based on liquid‐liquid extraction and MALDI‐MS/MS measurement requires approximately 10 s per sample, and this significantly reduces analysis time compared with other analytical methods. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first MALDI‐MS/MS method for quantification of MPH in rat plasma and brain. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

9.
Tigecycline (TIG), a derivative of minocycline, is the first in the novel class of glycylcyclines and is currently indicated for the treatment of complicated skin structure and intra‐abdominal infections. A selective, accurate and reversed‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC‐MS/MS) method was developed for the determination of TIG in rat brain tissues. Sample preparation was based on protein precipitation and solid phase extraction using Supel‐Select HLB (30 mg/1 mL) cartridges. The samples were separated on a YMC Triart C18 column (150 mm x 3.0 mm. 3.0 µm) using gradient elution. Positive electrospray ionization (ESI+) was used for the detection mechanism with the multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. The method was validated over the concentration range of 150–1200 ng/mL for rat brain tissue. The precision and accuracy for all brain analyses were within the acceptable limit. The mean extraction recovery in rat brain was 83.6%. This validated method was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study in female Sprague Dawley rats, which were given a dose of 25 mg/kg TIG intraperitoneally at various time‐points. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

10.
A sensitive, selective and robust liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS) method was developed for the rapid determination of linarin in rat plasma. Separation of the analyte and warfarin as internal standard (IS) from 100 μL rat plasma was carried out by simple protein precipitation treatment. Chromatographic separation of the analyte was performed on a Diamonsil® C18 column (150 × 4.6 mm, 5 µm) using isocratic mobile phase consisting of methanol–0.5% formic acid (80:20, v/v). The flow rate was 0.6 mL/min and the total run time was not more than 4.0 min. The method was validated over a wide dynamic concentration range of 1.00–1000 ng/mL for linarin. The precision and accuracy values for linarin met the acceptance criteria according to US Food and Drug Administration guidelines. Linarin was stable in the stability studies including a long‐term test (?80°C for 43 days), a short‐term test (ambient for 2 h and autosampler for 8 h) and three freeze–thaw cycles (?80–25°C). The developed assay method was applied to the pharmacokinetic study in rats after a single intramuscular administration of 713 µg/kg linarin. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

11.
A simple and sensitive liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐ESI‐MS/MS) method was developed and validated for determination of two highly lipophilic anticancer drug candidates, LG1980 and GH501, in rat plasma and tissues (liver, kidney and femur bones). LG1980 and GH501 were extracted from rat plasma and tissue homogenates using liquid–liquid extraction. The method provided a linear range of 1.0–200.0 ng/mL for GH501 in plasma and LG1980 in plasma and liver. For both analytes in other tissue homogenates the linear range was 2.0–400.0 ng/mL. The method was validated with precision within 15% relative standard deviation, accuracy within 15% relative error and a consistent recovery. This method has been successfully applied in two preclinical studies for LG1980 and GH501 to determine their concentrations in rat plasma, liver, kidney and bone over 24 h after intravenous injection of compounds.  相似文献   

12.
A new, fast and sensitive high‐performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC/ESI‐MS/MS) method was developed and validated for isovalerylshikonin in rat plasma using emodin as internal standard (IS). The analyte was extracted from rat plasma with ethyl acetate, after 10% HCl treatment and protein precipitated by methanol. The compound was separated on an Ultimate? XB‐C18 analytical column using a mobile phase of methanol–10 mM ammonium acetate in water–acetonitrile containing 0.05% formic acid (45 : 10 : 45, v/v/v) with isogradient elution. The analyte was detected in negative ion mode using multiple‐reaction monitoring. The method was validated and the specificity, linearity, lower limit of quantitation (LLOQ), precision, accuracy, recoveries and stability were determined. LLOQ was 9 ng/mL for isovalerylshikonin. Correlation coefficient (r) value for the linear range of the analyte was greater than 0.99. The intra‐day and inter‐day precision and accuracy were better than 8.52%. The relative and absolute recovery was above 86% and no matrix effects were observed for isovalerylshikonin. This validated method provides a modern, rapid and robust procedure for the pharmacokinetic study of the two compounds in rats after intravenous administration to rats (n = 4). Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

13.
In this study, a liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS) method was developed and validated to simultaneously determine the anticancer drugs etoposide and paclitaxel in mouse plasma and tissues including liver, kidney, lung, heart, spleen and brain. The analytes were extracted from the matrices of interest by liquid–liquid extraction using methyl tert‐butyl ether–dichloromethane (1:1, v/v). Chromatographic separation was achieved on an Ultimate XB‐C18 column (100 × 2.1 mm, 3 μm) at 40°C and the total run time was 4 min under a gradient elution. Ionization was conducted using electrospray ionization in the positive mode. Stable isotope etoposide‐d3 and docetaxel were used as the internal standards. The lower limit of quantitation (LLOQ) of etoposide was 1 ng/g tissue for all tissues and 0.5 ng/mL for plasma. The LLOQ of paclitaxel was 0.4 ng/g tissue and 0.2 ng/mL for all tissues and plasma, respectively. The coefficients of correlation for all of the analytes in the tissues and plasma were >0.99. Both intra‐ and inter‐day accuracy and precision were satisfactory. This method was successfully applied to measure plasma and tissue drug concentrations in mice treated with etoposide and paclitaxel‐loaded self‐microemulsifying drug‐delivery systems.  相似文献   

14.
A general practice in bioanalysis is that, whatever the biological matrix the analyte is being quantified in, the validation is performed in the same matrix as per regulatory guidelines. In this paper, we are presenting the applicability of a validated LC‐MS/MS method in rat plasma for JI‐101, to estimate the concentrations of JI‐101 in various tissues that were harvested in a rat tissue distribution study. A simple protein precipitation technique was used to extract JI‐101 and internal standard from the tissue homogenates. The recovery of JI‐101 in all the matrices was found to be >70%. Chromatographic separation was achieved using a binary gradient using mobile phase A (acetonitrile) and B (0.2% formic acid in water) at a flow rate of 0.30 mL/min on a Prodigy ODS column with a total run time of 4.0 min. The MS/MS ion transitions monitored were 466.1 → 265 for JI‐101 and 180.1 → 110.1 for internal standard. The linearity range was 5.02–4017 ng/mL. The JI‐101 levels were quantifiable in the various tissue samples harvested in this study. Therefore, the use of a previously validated JI‐101 assay in plasma circumvented the tedious process of method development/validation in various tissue matrices. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

15.
A sensitive and selective liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) method was developed and validated for simultaneous determination of urapidil and aripiprazole in human plasma. A simple liquid–liquid extraction with ethyl acetate was used for the sample preparation. Chromatographic separation was achieved on a Phenomenex C18 (4.6 × 50 mm, 5 µm) column with 0.1% formic acid–acetonitrile (10:90, v/v) as the mobile phase with flow rate of 0.6 mL/min. The quantitation of the target compounds was determined in a positive ion multiple reaction monitoring mode. Calibration plots were linear over the range of 2.0–2503.95 ng/mL for urapidil and 1.0–500.19 ng/mL for aripiprazole. The lower limit of quantitation for urapidil and aripiprazole was 2.0 and 1.0 ng/mL, respectively. Mean recovery was in the range of 69.94–75.62% for both analytes and internal standards. Intra‐day and inter‐day precisions of the assay at three concentrations were 2.56–5.89% with accuracy of 92.31–97.83% for urapidil, and 3.14–6.84% with accuracy of 91.38–94.42% for aripiprazole. The method was successfully applied to human pharmacokinetic study of urapidil and aripiprazole in healthy human male volunteers. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

16.
A highly sensitive LC–MS/MS method was developed to measure oroxin B in rat plasma and tissue homogenates. The analyte and IS were isolated from biological matrices by a simple protein precipitation followed by centrifugation. Detection was conducted by electrospray negative‐ionization mass spectrometry in selected‐reaction monitoring mode. The assay was linear in the concentration range 4.52–904 ng/mL with intra‐ and inter‐day precision of <14.41%. It was successfully applied to the pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution studies of oroxin B after an intravenous dose of 1.0 mg/kg in rats. The results would be useful for further development of oroxin B.  相似文献   

17.
CSUOH0901, a novel anticancer derivative of nimesulide, exhibits very promising anticancer activities in various cancer cell lines. In order to support further pharmacological and toxicological studies of this promising anticancer drug candidate, an LC‐MS/MS method was developed and validated in accordance with the US Food and Drug Administration guidelines. The drug molecules were extracted from plasma samples by protein precipitation and then analyzed with LC‐ESI‐MS/MS. An excellent analyte separation was achieved using a phenomenex C18 column with a mobile phase of 90% methanol and 5 m m of ammonium formate. The validated linear dynamic range was between 0.5 and 100 ng/mL and the achieved correlation coefficient (r2) was >0.9996. The results of inter‐ and intra‐day precision and accuracy were satisfactory, that is, <12% for accuracy and within ±5% for precision at a low and high quality control concentrations, respectively. In addition, the analyte and internal standard (JCC76) were found to be stable under the storage conditions at ?20°C for about 2 months. Hence, the acquired results proved that the LC‐ESI‐MS/MS method developed is precise, accurate and selective for the quantification of CSUOH0901 in plasma, and can be used for pharmacokinetic studies. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

18.
A rapid and sensitive LC‐MS/MS method was developed for the determination of linarin in small‐volume rat plasma and tissue sample. Sample preparation was employed by the combination of protein precipitation (PPT) and liquid–liquid extraction (LLE) to allow measurement over a 5‐order‐of‐magnitude concentration range. Fast chromatographic separation was achieved on a Hypersil Gold column (100 × 2.1 mm i.d., 5 µm). Mass spectrometric detection was achieved using a triple‐quadrupole mass spectrometer equipped with an electrospray ionization interface operating in positive ionization mode. Quantification was performed using selected reaction monitoring of precursor‐product ion transitions at m/z 593 → 285 for linarin and m/z 447 → 271 for baicalin (internal standard). The total run time was only 2.8 min per sample. The calibration curves were linear over the concentration range of 0.4–200 µg/mL for PPT and 0.001–1.0 µg/mL for LLE. A lower limit of quantification of 1.0 ng/mL was achieved using only 20 μL of plasma or tissue homogenate. The intra‐ and inter‐day precisions in all samples were ≤14.7%, while the accuracy was within ±5.2% of nominal values. The validated method has been successfully applied to pharmacokinetic and tissue distribution study of linarin. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

19.
A rapid and sensitive method using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectroscopy (LC-MS/MS) was developed and validated for the quantitative determination of cynandione A in rat plasma and tissues. The plasma samples were pretreated by liquid-liquid extraction with ethyl acetate after the internal standard (honokiol) had been spiked. The tissue samples were homogenized with physiological saline and treated further like the plasma samples. The separation was performed using a Zorbax SB-C(18) column (3.5 microm, 2.1 x 100 mm) and a C18 guard column (5 microm, 4.0 x 2.0 mm) with an isocratic mobile phase consisting of methanol-0.1% formic acid (78:22, v/v) at a flow rate of 0.2 mL/min. The Agilent G6410A triple quadrupole LC/MS system was operated under the multiple-reaction monitoring mode using the electrospray ionization technique in negative mode. The nominal retention times for cynandione A and honokiol were 1.41 and 2.63 min, respectively. The method was validated within the concentration range 0.2-1000 ng/mL in plasma and homogenized tissue for cynandione A, and the calibration curves were linear with correlation coefficients >0.992. The lower limit of quantification of cynandione A was 0.2 ng/mL. The intra-day and inter-day precision and accuracy of the assay in plasma were less than 14.4%, while the intra-day and inter-day precision and accuracy of the assay in tissue homogenate were less than 14.2%. This method proved to be suitable for study of pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of cynandione A in rat.  相似文献   

20.
Hinokiflavone has drawn a lot of attention for its multiple biological activities. In this study, a sensitive and selective method for determination of hinokiflavone in rat plasma was developed for the first time, using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). Amentoflavone was used as an internal standard. Separation was achieved on a Hypersil Gold C18 column with isocratic elution using methanol–water (65:35, v /v) as mobile phase at a flow rate of 0.3 mL/min. A triple quadrupole mass spectrometer operating in the negative electrospray mode with selected reaction monitoring was used to detect the transitions of m/z 537 → 284 for hinokiflavone and m/z 537 → 375 for IS. The LOQ was 0.9 ng/mL with a linear range of 0.9–1000 ng/mL. The intra‐ and inter‐day accuracy (RE%) ranged from −3.75 to 6.91% and from −9.20 to 2.51% and the intra‐ and inter‐day precision (RSD) was between 0.32–14.11 and 2.85–10.04%. The validated assay was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study of hinokiflavone in rats. The half‐life of drug elimination at the terminal phase was 6.10 ± 1.86 h, and the area under the plasma concentration‐time curve from time zero to the time of last measurable concentration and to infinity values obtained were 2394.42 ± 466.86 and 2541.93 ± 529.85 h ng/mL, respectively.  相似文献   

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