150 Mbits−1 ch−1 12-channel optical parallel interface using an LED and a PD array

An optical fibre parallel interface has been developed for card-cage to card-cage and board-to-board interconnections, representing a practical and promising optical interconnection. For a system design of a 12 channel, 150 Mbits^–1 ch^–1 optical parallel interface over a distance of 100 m, it is shown that the choice of a long wavelength LED/PD array with graded index optical fibre array meets the requirements for both power budget and skew limitation over this transmission distance. A 7 mm thick compact package transmitter and receiver module was developed, employing a Zn-doped, mesa structure, 1.3m LED array and an isolated InGaAs PD array. An optical parallel transmission experiment over 100 m was successfully demonstrated using these modules.     

应用于塑料光纤系统的LED的温度特性及其补偿

本文介绍了塑料光纤系统的特点,光源和探测器的温度特性以及温度补偿方法,并指出塑料光纤系统是当前传输距离50米以内应用最活跃的光通信系统和光纤传感器系统。     

Investigation of irradiance efficiency for LED phototherapy with different arrays

Red and yellow light emitting diodes (LEDs) are currently utilized as lighting sources during LED phototherapy. These LEDs were arranged on a disk with an external diameter of 70 mm with different arrays — radial, rhombus, square radial, and square rhombus arrays. The radial and square radial arrays had better irradiance efficiency than rhombus and square rhombus arrays by optical simulation. Additionally, the radial array had 76 sets of LEDs, but the square radial array had 100 sets. Thus, a mockup sample of radial array phototherapy was constructed for performance tests. The mixture efficiency of the radial array was observed at distances of 1-100 mm and lighting was well mixed when distance exceeded 50 mm by optical simulation. Irradiance variation with angle was approximated by experiment and theory at a treatment distance of 50 mm and 100 mm using the phototherapy mockup. The radial array was one good choice for LED phototherapy.     

球面阵列LED太阳模拟器光学系统设计

针对氙灯太阳模拟器光电转换效率低、寿命短、辐照强度低,均匀性差等不足,基于LED太阳模拟器光学系统,提出了一种球面阵列LED太阳模拟器光学系统,包括准直光学系统、匀光系统以及光源系统的设计方法。利用同轴透射式光学系统技术设计了双分离结构的准直光学系统, 在分析比较常用匀光系统的性能与组成形式的基础上,阐述积分器与视场光阑的设计过程, 然后基于球面光源的设计思想完成光源系统的设计, 利用LightTools光学设计软件对LED太阳模拟器光学系统进行仿真分析与验证。实验结果表明:球面阵列LED太阳模拟器在工作距离100 mm,输出辐照面积为100 mm×100 mm范围内,其辐照强度大于1 100 W/m2,辐照不均匀度优于3.86%。     

Optimal design of 32 channels spectrum slicing WDM for optical fiber access network system

In this article, the spectrum sliced dense wavelength division multiplexed passive optical network (SS-DWDM–PON) has been investigated as a power efficient and cost effective solution for optical access networks. In this work an AWG demultiplexer is used to operate as slicing system. The high speed SS-DWDM system has been realized and investigated for 32 channels with data rate up to 3 Gb/s using broadband ASE source (LED). The 3 Gb/s signals both non-return-to-zero (NRZ) and return-to-zero (RZ) were demonstrated in 40 km optical fiber link with BER < 10⁻¹². The results obtained here demonstrate that SS-DWDM is well suited for Fiber-to-the-Home (FTTH) network.     

正方形孔径纳米半球阵列提高LED光提取效率研究

为提高氮化镓(Ga N)基发光二极管(LED)的光提取效率,基于等效介质理论设计了底面100%占空比、半径为320 nm的正方形孔径纳米半球阵列。利用时域有限差分法(FDTD)对正方形孔径纳米半球阵列结构底面占空比、半径对光提取效率的影响进行了仿真计算研究。仿真结果表明:LED p-Ga N表面刻蚀半径为320 nm、底面占空比为100%的正方形孔径纳米半球阵列的光提取效率最优。采用电子束曝光配合热回流技术和ICP刻蚀完成正方形孔径纳米半球阵列的Ga N基LED制作及测试实验。结果表明:在20 m A和150 m A工作电流下,有微纳结构的LED较无微纳结构的参考样品的发光效率分别提高4.67倍和4.59倍,计算结果与实验结果比较一致,说明加入方形孔径纳米半球阵列可以有效提高LED光提取效率。     

基于双光导纤维延时法测量光速

介绍了利用光波在已知长度差的两段不同长度的光导纤维中传输时间延时差测量光速的基本原理。时钟方波信号通过LED调制电路转变为光信号在一段光导纤维中传输,后经SPD再生电路重新转变为方波再生信号,将原始方波信号与再生方波信号同时输入示波器中测量延时τ1,采用相同的方法测量另一端光导纤维传输延时τ2,通过已知的长度差和延时计算出光导纤维中的光速VZ,最终计算出光速c。     

用于红外焦平面的正方形孔径球面微透镜阵列研究

针对目前红外焦平面光敏阵列中存在的占空比小、光能利用率低的实际问题,展开了正方形孔径球面微透镜阵列制作及其与红外焦平面阵列集成应用的研究.本文从红外焦平面光敏阵列特点入手,对比分析了正方形孔径相比于传统圆形孔径微透镜阵列在光能利用上的优势.提出正方形孔径微透镜阵列激光直写变剂量曝光制作技术,建立光刻胶曝光数学模型和正方形球面微透镜面型函数,以此为基础,编制直写设备变剂量曝光控制软件;利用长春理工大的学复合坐标激光直写系统和等离子刻蚀机进行相关工艺实验,制作了阵列256×256、单元尺寸40×40 μm²、球面半径60 μm、单元间距1 μm的红外石英微透镜阵列;并将其与相应阵列的碲-镉-汞红外光敏阵列进行集成.结果表明:微透镜的占空比达到95%,红外焦平面光能利用率从原来的60%提高到90% 以上.由此得出结论:变剂量曝光制作微透镜技术是可行的,正方形孔径球面微透镜阵列代替圆形孔径微透镜阵列,对于提高红外探测器的灵敏度、信噪比、分辨率等性能具备明显优势.     

原棉异纤维检测系统照明光源光照度分布研究

在基于机器视觉的原棉异纤维检测系统中,选择能满足检测系统的光源和照明方案是提高系统检测率和检出率的关键,使检测对象尽可能多地显现出特征信息。选用单芯片InGaN(蓝)/YAG荧光粉型白光LED作为照明光源,采用理论计算和非成像光学设计的方法对LED阵列的光照度分布进行了研究,并根据原棉异纤维检测系统对光源光照度的具体要求,设计出了LED正方形阵列和三角形阵列两种排列方式,并利用TracePro软件对两种阵列形式进行仿真。通过比较两种阵列形式光照度分布的结果,最终选用高光照度且均匀性好的LED三角形阵列作为原棉异纤维检测系统的照明光源,满足了机器视觉成像的要求。     

Efficient parallel interference cancellation algorithm for multiuser detection schemes in CDMA-based 20.48-Gb/s optical MIMO-OFDM system over 1200 km of SSMF

This paper presents an efficient algorithm to cancel the parallel interference for multiuser detection (MUD) schemes in code division multiple access (CDMA) based 20.48 Gb/s optical multiple input multiple output orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (O-MIMO-OFDM) system over 1200 km of standard single mode fiber (SSMF). The performance of the system is compared by simulation results using the efficient algorithm and minimum mean square error (MMSE) schemes. It shows the superior performance of efficient algorithm.     

光纤照明用LED耦合装置设计

光纤照明用LED光源耦合装置多采用透镜组,其汇聚光斑小,但透镜组光能损失大。针对LED光源发光特性及聚合物光纤孔径大的特点,提出LED灯珠侧式安装和反射器切割移位优化法,设计一种基于椭圆反射器的光纤照明用LED耦合装置。运用John OFarrell的逼近算法计算出不同偏心率的椭圆反射器结构参数,结合光纤光学参数仿真比较耦合光效,得到一组偏心率和光纤直径匹配的高效耦合装置结构参数,并运用该方法设计了一款光纤直径10 mm、数值孔径0.5的光纤照明用LED耦合装置,其理想耦合光效达93.35%。     

平面LED阵列远场条件研究与实验验证

平面LED(light-emitting diode)阵列远场条件是实现其光度学参数正确测量的前提,为了确定不同平面LED阵列的远场条件,基于点光源发光强度的测量原理建立了面光源光轴上的不同距离下照度与距离平方乘积的函数关系模型,用其表征面光源光轴上光场的分布规律.在此基础上利用照度平方反比定律,以及平面LED阵列远场...     

Effect of light-curing units on push-out fiber post bond strength in root canal dentin

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of different light-curing units on the bond strength (push-out) of glass fiber posts in the different thirds of the root (cervical, middle and apical) with different adhesive luting resin systems (dual-cure total-etch; dual-cured and self-etch bonding system; and dual-cure self-adhesive cements), Disks of the samples (n = 144) were used, with approximately 1 mm of thickness of 48 bovine roots restored with glass fiber posts, that were luted with resin cements photo-activated by halogen LCU (QTH, Optilux 501) and blue LED (Ultraled), with power densities of 600 and 550 mW/cm², respectively. A universal testing machine (MTS 810 Material Test System) was used with a 1 mm diameter steel rod at cross-head speed of 0.5 mm/min until post extrusion, with load cell of 50 kg, for evaluation of the push-out strength in the different thirds of each sample. The push-out strength values in kgf were converted to MPa and analyzed through Analysis of Variance and Tukey’s test, at significance level of 5%. The results showed that there were no statistical differences between the QTH and LED LCUs. The self-adhesive resin cement had lower values of retention. The total-etch and self-adhesive system resin cements seem to be a possible alternative for glass fiber posts cementation into the radicular canal and the LED LCU can be applied as an alternative to halogen light on photo-activation of dual-cured resin cements.     

光纤传输激光驱动飞片实验研究

构建了一种基于光纤传输高功率激光的飞片发射系统,并测试了飞片速度.飞片膜层为三明治结构:铝烧蚀层、氧化铝隔离层和铝飞片产生层.飞片膜层采用磁控溅射技术沉积在玻璃衬底上,总厚度为5.5 μm.激光辐照铝膜层产生高温高压等离子体,驱动剩余膜层产生高速飞片,速度达数km/s.同时,实验研究了光纤传能系统的输出激光空间分布特性和传输激光能量容量,它们决定了飞片的平面性和最大速度.光纤端面损伤是限制光纤传输激光能量容量的关键因素,光纤端面通过精密机械抛光和激光预处理可以获得理想的抗激光损伤能力.采用基于光纤阵列探针的时间序列测试技术获得了飞片的平均速度,并评估了飞片的平面性.采用搭建的基于光纤传输高功率激光的飞片发射系统获得了速度达1.7 km/s、直径接近1 mm的高速飞片. 关键词： 激光驱动飞片 激光辐照 光纤阵列探针 激光等离子体     

Realization of 2-D OCDMA network using EDW code

The attraction towards two-dimensional optical code division multiple access (2D-OCDMA) systems has increased due to its potential in enhancing the performance of optical access networks and producing optical code-based signals. 2D-OCDMA network systems enable better bit-error-ratio (BER) performance as well as increase the number of supportable users in the optical network. Time-spreading wavelength-hopping is one of the many techniques that has been proposed for 2D-OCDMA. In this paper, we present the simulative study of a 2D-OCDMA system. The developed time-spreading, wavelength-hopping network utilizes enhanced double weight (EDW) code which has enhanced properties such as a cross-correlation value of 1 and has a simple encoder/decoder design. The output BER was satisfactory at above 10^?9 at data rate of 1.25 Gbps for 20 km distance with the ITU-T G.652 standard single mode optical fiber for 3 users.     

LED光源DOAS方法的夜间NO2气体浓度遥测研究

针对现有利用自然光源的被动DOAS测量方法无法实现夜间对NO₂等痕量气体进行垂直分布探测的问题,提出构建一种基于窄带光源蓝光LED技术的DOAS测量NO₂的方法,搭建了仪器系统,成功地实现了夜间对NO₂气体浓度的测量。该系统主要分为灯源发射系统和望远镜接收系统两部分,采用主波长为450nm的LED作为光源,通过望远镜采集发光束的散射光,利用光纤耦合将望远镜接收到的散射光导入光谱仪中,结合DOAS原理运用计算机进行处理。DOAS的理论基础是朗伯-比尔（Lambert-Beer）定律,据此原理可将数据处理过程概述如下：首先采集相对干净光谱作为背景参考谱,用实际测量大气谱除以参考谱,利用数字高通滤波去除慢变化部分,然后取对数,即可获得光学厚度;其次将仪器函数与NO₂的高分辨率截面卷积,得到与所用仪器相匹配的低分辨率吸收截面;最后将差分吸收截面与处理后的差分光学厚度相结合,运用最小二乘法拟合并结合光程L即可获得NO₂浓度值。同时可通过调节灯源光速发射角度及望远镜接收角度,测出不同位置处NO₂浓度值,进而给出NO₂气体浓度的立体分布信息。在算法确定的情况下,LED灯谱质量对仪器系统的可靠性显得尤为重要。由于LED光谱受温度及驱动电流影响较大,为了保证LED处于最佳工作状态,开展了LED光谱温度及驱动电流敏感性实验。测试结果表明,要确保采集到的光谱稳定且具有较高质量,LED工作温度应低于20 ℃,驱动电流需控制在1.5 A以内,且两者波动范围较小。实验中,LED实际工作温度为10~15 ℃,驱动电流为1.4 A,控制精度±1 mA,能够满足实验要求。为了提高LED阵列密度、获得更加集中的发光束,LED底座基板采用正六边形结构,每块正六边形基板上7只LED串联,各个基板之间并联。经计算较采用矩形结构,其空间利用率提高了8%。各基板工作电流1.4 A,最大电压23.8 V,易于扩展,维护方便。为了验证方案可行性及系统的可靠性,进行了实验室测试及外场实验。实验室采用NO₂样气浓度为1 642.86 mg·m-3, 不确定度5%。系统测量结果为1 607.54 mg·m-3, 与标定值误差为2.15%,在标定的不确定度范围以内,经计算系统检测线为0.014 3 mg·m-3(6.942 ppb),因此可认为测量结果准确。将外场实验测量结果与同时段国控站点给出的NO₂数据进行了对比,对应时间段结果偏差均在10%以内,两组数据线性拟合一致性较好,相关系数达0.967,表明该系统所测NO₂结果较准确。研究结果表明,在确保LED光源稳定的基础上,采用基于窄带光源蓝光LED的DOAS方法能够实现夜间对NO₂气体垂直分布情况测量。为大气痕量气体垂直分布测量、特别是在夜间条件下对痕量气体立体分布测量提供了一种新的思路。     

基于非球面透镜的空间光场光纤耦合系统研究

针对全光纤激光雷达中空间光场与单模光纤的耦合问题,设计了基于非球面透镜的望远镜光纤耦合系统.利用ZEMAX软件以单模光纤耦合效率为优化目标对其结构参量进行优化设计,然后分别用LED和激光器作为光源进行初步实验,比较直接耦合和非球面透镜耦合效果.实验结果表明,采用非球面透镜耦合可使多模光源的耦合效率比直接耦合增加约47％,与仿真结果45％非常接近,且不同芯径耦合光功率之比大略等于芯径比平方;而该耦合方式可使单模光源的耦合效率增加约20％,且耦合进不同小芯径光纤的耦合效率之比约为其芯径比平方的2.4倍,这对构建全光纤转动喇曼激光雷达系统具有重要意义.     

高效率PBRS InGaAsP/InP LED的研究

用于单模光纤系统的平面隐埋脊型(PBRS)InGaAs P/IuP DH LED已研制成功.本文对材料和器件设计作了简要描述.异质结晶体系采用二次液相外延生长,器件具有斜胶面受激抑制结构和平面隐埋脊型有源区,用激光焊接金属化封装技术使器件与单模光纤耦合对接.波器件在单模光纤中的入纤功率达35μW,是国内已见报道中最高的结果,带宽195MHz.在四次群传输实验中,无中继传输距由大于20公里.     

A Surface Mounting Embedded Optical Transceiver with Bi-Directional Data Rate of Eight Channels × 10 Gbps

Abstract

The bi-directional data rate is investigated of an eight-channel × 10-Gbps optical transceiver with a size of 15 mm × 15 mm × 6 mm and ball grid array package form that was designed and fabricated. A passive optical coupling method is designed based on a coupling lens array, which is transformed to substrate through a carrier. This electrical performance is characterized through a 3D full wave simulation and shows great advantages compared with traditional pluggable optical transceivers. Experimental eye diagram measurement in loop-back mode via a 2-m-long multi-mode fiber array shows an eye width of 51.984 ps at a bit-error rate order of 10^?12, which proves the transceiver's ability for 10.3125-Gbps data transmission.     

基于非球面透镜的空间光场光纤耦合系统研究

针对全光纤激光雷达中空间光场与单模光纤的耦合问题,设计了基于非球面透镜的望远镜光纤耦合系统.利用ZEMAX软件以单模光纤耦合效率为优化目标对其结构参量进行优化设计,然后分别用LED和激光器作为光源进行初步实验,比较直接耦合和非球面透镜耦合效果.实验结果表明,采用非球面透镜耦合可使多模光源的耦合效率比直接耦合增加约47%,与仿真结果45%非常接近,且不同芯径耦合光功率之比大略等于芯径比平方;而该耦合方式可使单模光源的耦合效率增加约20%,且耦合进不同小芯径光纤的耦合效率之比约为其芯径比平方的2.4倍,这对构建全光纤转动喇曼激光雷达系统具有重要意义.