Decomposition of ammonia on rhenium II. Nitrogen adsorption on rhenium

Field emission microscopy and thermal desorption studies of nitrogen adsorption on a monocrystal tip and a polycrystalline rhenium wire indicate the formation of molecular () and dissociative () forms of adsorption. Adsorption-desorption characteristics have been measured.

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. - - , - .

     

High temperature thermal decomposition of propane

The thermal decomposition of propane has been studied by pulse chromatographic method within the temperature range of 975–1083 K. The kinetic parameters of the reaction have been determined.

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- 975–1083 . .

     

Transformations of cyclic C6 unsaturated hydrocarbons on a palladium catalyst

A reaction scheme for transformations of 1,3- and 1,4-cyclohexadiene on 3% Pd/C catalyst in the liquid phase in the presence of hydrogen or nitrogen is suggested. The transformations give rise to benzene, cyclohexene and cyclohexane. The rate constants of the individual steps were determined.

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1,3- 1,4- 3% Pd . , . .

     

The thermal properties of carbon-silica adsorbents (carbosils) prepared by methylene chloride pyrolysis

The thermal properties of complex carbon-silica adsorbents (carbosils) were investigated using differential thermal analysis. The adsorbents were prepared by pyrolysis of methylene chloride. Pyrolysis reaction on silica surface was carried out at different temperatures (400–700 °C) and at different pressures of CH₂Cl₂ vapours. Thermal analysis was carried out in air atmosphere. The following parameters characterizing the properties of the adsorbents were determined: carbon content, specific surface area, carbon layer thickness, pore volume, mean pore radius, differential of heats of adsorption ofn-hexane and benzene, and micrographs. The correlation between topography and morphology of carbon deposits (dependent on the parameters of the pyrolysis process) and the courses of DTA and TG curves corresponding to individual carbosils have been determined.

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Zusammenfassung Mittels DTA wurden die thermischen Eigenschaften von komplexen Kohlenstoff-Silikaadsorptionsmitteln (Carbosil) untersucht. Die Adsorptionsmittel wurden durch Pyrolyse von Methylenchlorid gefertigt. Die Pyrolyse wurde an der Oberfläche von Silika bei verschiedenen Temperaturen (400–700 °C) und bei verschiedenen CH₂Cl₂-Drücken durchgeführt. Die Thermoanalyse geschah in Luftatmosphäre. Folgende Parameter zur Charakterisierung der Eigenschaften der Adsorbenten wurden ermittelt: Kohlenstoffgehalt, spezifische Oberfläche, Kohlenstoffschichtdicke, Porenvolumen, Porendurchmesser, Ableitung der Adsorptionswärme vonn-Hexan und Benzol sowie Oberflächenmikrogramme. Es konnte der Zusammenhang zwischen Topografie und Morfologie der Kohlenstoffablagerungen (abhängig von den Parametern des Pyrolysevorganges) sowie dem Verlauf der DTA- und TG-Kurven der entsprechenden Carbosile festgestellt werden.

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- (). . (400–700°) . . : , , , , - , . , , .

     

Effect of ligands on the hydrogenation selectivity in the presence of rhenium catalysts

It has been established that the catalytic activity of rhenium oxohalide complexes with phosphorus- or sulfur-containing ligands in hydroganation of C₆–C₁₀ olefins, nitrobenzene and p-nitrotoluene is primarily determined by the original ligand to rhenium ion bond. Chain length of olefins does not affect their hydrogenation rate.

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- C₆–C₁₀, - - . .

     

Response studies of the mechanism of o-xylene oxidation over a vanadium-titanium oxide catalyst

A response method has been used to study the mechanism of o-xylene oxidation over a vanadium-titanium oxide catalyst. The products of partial and destructive oxidation are shown to be formed under the influence of molecular oxygen on the surface intermediates produced by the interaction between o-xylene and oxidized surface sites.

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- . , , - .

     

The relationship between the structures of Cu(II) complexes and their chemical transformations

The structures of compounds M ₂ ^I M^II(SEO₄)₂ (M^I=K, Tl; M^II=Cu and Ni), were studied using IR, electronic and EPR spectra. The results indicate a hexacoordination of both central atoms, and a bridging function of selenato groups, the mode of their coordination varies with M^I and M^II. The compound Tl₂Cu(SeO₄)₂ was prepared also in the amorphous glassy form, although with partial decomposition. It is presumed that in the homogeneous smaragd-green material -Cu-O-Cu-, -Cu-OSeO₂-Cu- and -Cu-OSeO₃-Cu- bridges are present simultaneously. The course of the thermal decomposition of the studied compounds depends on the nature of the M^I and M^II cations. According to powder X-ray patterns, the decomposition products do not contain individual oxides. Nearly complete removal of selenium was observed in the decomposition of hydrated ammonium double selenates of Ni(II) and Cu(II).

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Zusammenfassung Mittels IR-, Elektronen- und EPR-Spektren wurden die Strukturen der Verbindungen M ₂ ^I M^II (SeO₄)₂ mit M^I=K und Tl sowie M^II=Cu and Ni bestimmt. Die Ergebnisse zeigen eine Hexakoordination beider Zentralatome und eine Brückenfunktion der Selenatgruppen, deren Koordination sich mit M^I und M^II ändert. Die Verbindung Tl₂Cu(SeO₄)₂ wurde, wenn auch unter geringen Zerfalles, auch in einer amorphen Glasform hergestellt. Es wird angenommen, daß in den Smaragdgrün-Stoffen gleichzeitig-Cu-O-Cu-, -Cu-OSeO₂-Cu- und -Cu-OSeO₃-Cu- Brücken vorkommen. Der Verlauf der thermischen Zersetzung der untersuchten Verbindungen hängt von der Art der M^I und M^II-Kationen ab. In Bezugnahme auf Röntgenpulverdiffraktionsaufnahmen enthalten die Zersetzungsprodukte keine getrennten Oxide. Beim Zerfall von hydratierten Ammoniumdoppelselenaten von Ni(II) und Cu(II) wurde eine fast vollständige Abgabe von Selen beobachtet.

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M ₂ ^I Mⁱⁱ(SeO₄)₂, ⁱ — , , ⁱⁱ , - , . , - ^{i ii}. Tl₂Cu(SeO₄)₂ , . , ----, --OSeO₂- -Cu-OSeO₃-u-. ^{i ii}. , . .

     

Platinum-palladium catalysts in hydrogenation of methylbenzenes

Hydrogenation of benzene, toluene, o,m and p-xylene over Pt, Pd and Pt–Pd/Al₂O₃ catalysts has been studied. Experimental data show that when Pd is added to Pt catalysts, a decrease in activity and changes in selectivity occur. This is explained by the formation of electron-deficient and electrorich metallic species.

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, , -, - - Pt, Pd Pt–Pd/Al₂O₃. , Pd Pt . .

     

Influence of the substructure of supported titanium-magnesium catalysts on their activity in olefin polymerization

The influence of the substructure of magnesium chloride on the composition and activity of catalysts prepared by supporting TiCl₄ on MgCl₂ has been studied. Strong binding of TiCl₄ with the formation of highly active catalysts is shown to occur upon interaction with defects in the magnesium chloride structure.

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, TiCl₄ MgCl₂. , TiCl₄ .

     

Reactions of C4?C6 alkanes on platinum and platium-gold films

Results are reported on the reactions of n-butane, n-pentane and n-hexane on Pt and Pt/Au alloy films. The results are compared with those obtained for Pt–Au alloys on a SiO₂ carrier. It is concluded that alloying can change the selectivity of the catalyst. No indication has been found for the possible role of oxygen in the high selectivity of Pt in non-destructive reactions.

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-, - - Pt . , Pt–Au SiO₂. , . - Pt .

     

Investigation of n-hexane dehydrocyclization over supported Pt catalyst modified by adsorbed rhenium

A -Al₂O₃ supported Re–Pt bimetallic catalyst prepared by electrochemical adsorption has been studied in n-hexane dehydrocyclization, using the slug-pulse method. The activity of the Re–Pt/Al₂O₃ catalyst treated only in hydrogen was low, but markedly increased by a calcination step before hydrogen treatment. The modified catalyst showed higher activity and increased selectivities for benzene and iso-hexanes than the base Pt/Al₂O₃ catalyst.

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Pd/Pt, -Al₂O₃, -. Pd–Pt/Al₂O₃, , , . Pd–Pt/Al₂O₃ , Pt/Al₂O₃.

     

Reactivity of coordinated O2? towards. One-electron oxidants

Ion-radical complexes Ti(IV) (O ₂ ^– ) are unreactive towards most oxidants except Ce(IV) and Cr₂O ₇ ^2– . The one-electron redox potential for the O_{2 coord.}/O _{2 coord.} ^– couple lies between 1 and 1.6 V.

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- O ₂ ^– Ti(IV) , Ce(IV) Cr₂ O ₇ ^2– . - O_{2 .}/O ₂ ^– . 1 1,6 .

     

Effect of specific and nonspecific interactions on deutero-protium exchange in solution

The effect of electrostatic type interactions on the deutero-protium heteroexchange of dihydrogen with solutions catalyzed by bases, with the decisive role of hydrogen bonds and particularly of the H-bonds having increased strength, is discussed.

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- .

     

Pressure-jump method in the dehydrogenation of propane over chromia-alumina-potassium oxide

The pressure-jump method was applied to the dehydrogenation of C₃H₈ over a Cr₂O₃–Al₂O₃–K₂O catalyst in a closed static reactor at 443°C. The rate equation proposed for initial kinetics was shown to apply to the dehydrogenation of C₃H₈.

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C₃H₈ Cr₂O₃–Al₂O₃–K₂O 443°C. , , , C₃H₈.

     

Dilution effect on catalytic pyrolysis of hydrocarbons

It is shown that unlike thermal pyrolysis, the rate of catalytic pyrolysis is greatly affected by dilution of hydrocarbons with inert gases. The nature of this effect has been analyzed.

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, . .

     

Photocatalytic electron transfer across the membranes of lipid vesicles mediated by diglycylamide of mesoporphyrin-IX N-metylglycomate

A peculiarity of the photocatalytic action of porphyrin molecules with different localization inside lipid bilayers of lecithin vesicles has been studied. The influence of an electrostatic field in the lipid membrane on the efficiency of electron photocatalytic transfer across the membrane is discussed.

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, - . . .

     

Characterization of the interaction of CO and H2 at the ZnO surface by adsorption microcalorimetry

CO and H₂ are both chemisorbed by ZnO but H₂ is more sensitive than CO to the surroundings of adsorption sites. When the two gases are coadsorbed, a strong interaction occurs, ascribed to the formation of a possible precursor in methanol synthesis.

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CO H₂ ZnO, H₂ , , CO. , , .

     

Mixed suspensions of semiconductors forming microheterojunctions. A new type of highly efficient photocatalysts: Photocatalytic production of dihydrogen from a water solution of sulfide ions in the presence of platinized ZnyCd1-y/CuxS suspension

A new method is proposed for increasing the quantum efficiency of H₂ production for the photocatalysts based on semiconductor suspensions. The method consists of the formation of suspended particles with microheterojunctions between their components--semiconductor phase.

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H₂ .

     

Activation energies of the thermal decompositions of C3AH6 AND C3AD6 by the isothermal TG method

Dehydroxylation of C₃AH₆ and C₃AD₆ minerals was studied by means of the isothermal TG method in ambient air and in a constant stream of nitrogen. It was found that the mechanism of dehydroxylation changed during the reaction in ambient air. In a dynamic inert atmosphere the experimental data conform very closely to a first order kinetics model. The activation energy values 85.4 kJ · mole^–1 and 103.4 kJ · · mole^–1 were obtained for C₃AH₆ and for C₃AD₆ samples, respectively.

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Zusammenfassung Die Dehydroxylierung der Mineralien C₃AH₆ und C₃AD₆ wurde mittels isothermer TG-Methode in Luft und in einem konstanten Stickstoffstrom untersucht. Hierbei zeigte sich, daß sich der Mechanismus der Dehydroxylierung während der Reaktion in Luft ändert. Wenn in einer dynamischen inerten Atmosphäre gearbeitet wird, sind die Daten in guter Übereinstimmung mit einem kinetischen Modell erster Ordnung. Aktivierungsenergien von 85.4 kJ · mol^–1 für C₃AH₆ und 103.4 kJ · mol^–1 für C₃AD₆ wurden erhalten.

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Résumé On a étudié la déshydroxylation des minéraux C₃AH₆ et C₃AD₆ par TG isotherme, dans l'air et dans un courant constant d'azote. Dans l'air ambiant, on trouve que le mécanisme de la déshydroxylation se modifie pendant la réaction. En travaillant dans une atmosphère inerte dynamique, les données d'expérience sont en bon accord avec un modèle cinétique du premier ordre. On a obtenu les énergies d'activation suivantes: 85.4 kJ · mol^–1 pour C₃AH₆ et 103.4 kJ · mol^–1 pour C₃AD₆.

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(III) . ²²⁰Rn ( ) , . , . (III) , —²²⁸Th. , , , .

     

Effect of free phosphine on the reactivity of phosphine-containing rhodium(I) complexes

The photolysis products of SO₂-pentane-NO mixtures are N₂O, H₂O and a compound designated as RNO. Kinetic data obtained by OC method confirm the previously proposed scheme of photolysis. Also studied was the photolysis of SO₂, NO and cyclohexane mixtures. From comparison of spectral characteristics of RNO and its analog 2-methyl-2-nitrosopropane, the probable structure of RNO is suggested.

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SO₂--NO N₂O, H₂O , RNO. , , . SO₂ NO . RNO 2--2- RNO.