基于吡咯并吡咯二酮和苯并噻二唑聚合物的合成及其近红外电致变色性能

给-受体型窄带隙聚合物是一类新型可见-近红外电致变色材料,虽然可调性强、颜色丰富,但是其电致变色性能如对比度、稳定性等需要进一步提高。 通过调节聚合物中构筑单元吡咯并吡咯二酮(DPP)、苯并噻二唑(BTZ)和噻吩(T)的比例(n(DPP):n(BTZ):n(T)分别为1:0:1、1.5:0.5:1、2:1:1和3:2:1),合成了4种新型窄带隙电致变色聚合物,研究聚合物结构和电致变色性能的关系。 研究发现,这类聚合物在近红外光谱区具有较高的对比度(ΔT:50%60%)和变色效率(CE:300600 cm²/C),尤其是在1550 nm处,聚合物P3的ΔT高达63%、P4的CE高达471 cm²/C。 相比之下,含有BTZ基团的聚合物的吸收更长、对比度更高且更稳定。 这为设计给-受体型高性能电致变色聚合物提供了新的思路。     

Novel Ru-dioxolene complexes as potential electrochromic materials and NIR dyes

A series of Ru(bpy)(2)-dioxolene complexes 1-4 (bpy = 2,2'- bipyridine) and corresponding Ru(dcb)(2)-dioxolene complexes 5-8 (dcbH(2) = 2,2'-bipyridine-4,4'-dicarboxylic acid) have been prepared, and their spectroelectrochemical behavior in solution has been investigated. The complexes show reversible electrochemical behavior accompanied by a strong NIR absorption in their semiquinone forms due to a Ru(dpi) --> sq(pi) MLCT band. Complete quenching of the NIR absorption occurs both upon oxidation (to the quinone form) and upon reduction (to the catechol form) very close to 0 V. The color of the systems can be tuned by using a wide range of ligands. The complexes 5-8 can be anchored onto nanocrystalline inorganic semiconductors allowing incorporation into potential electrochromic devices. As a proof of principle, compound 8 has been adsorbed on nanocrystalline Sb-doped SnO(2) supported on FTO glass, and it displays reversibly switchable electrochromic behavior in the NIR.     

Synthesis, characterization, physicochemical, and photophysical studies of redox switchable NIR dye derived from a ruthenium-dioxolene-porphyrin system

Newly synthesized semi-quinone derivatives of the ruthenium polypyridyl, covalently linked to a porphyrin core, show very high epsilon values (59,000-83,500 M(-1)cm(-1)) for the absorption band in the near infrared (NIR) region of the spectrum. Further, complexes 1-4 show an interesting reversible electrochromic behavior as a function of the redox state of the coordinated dioxolene functionality, and a switching phenomenon between bleaching and the restoration of the NIR peak could be achieved electrochemically. Thus, complexes 1-4 could be ideal candidate materials for NIR-active electrochromic devices. Ultrafast studies on 1 and its mononuclear components, 5-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-10,15,20-triphenyl-21H,23H-porphyrin (H2L1) and Ru(bpy)2(bsq)+, reveal that there is no electron or energy transfer from the porphyrin to the Ru(bpy)2sq+ (bpy is 2,2'-bipyridine and sq is the deprotonated species of a substituted semi-quinone fragment) fragment or vice versa in 1. The observed decrease in the luminescence quantum yield for 1 compared to that of H2L1 can be ascribed to the increased nonradiative pathway due to higher vibronic coupling because of the direct linkage of the metal center to the porphyrin moiety.     

Absorption spectra of small niobium and gold clusters measured by photodepletion of their rare gas van der Waals complexes: some preliminary experiments

The optical absorption spectra of small niobium clusters have been determined over the wavelength range 260 – 740 nm by photodetaching Krypton atoms from the corresponding neutral van der Waals, vdW, complexes, Nb_nKr_m, n=5–15, m=1–3. Cross sections for small gold clusters were determined by photodetachment experiments oncharged vdW complexes [Au_nXe_m]⁺, m=1, 2. The absorption cross sections are observed to increase monotonically with decreasing wavelength. At the long wavelength end of the range, the cross section is practically independent of the cluster nuclearity, n; whereas, at the short wavelength end of the range, the cross section increases monotonically with n.     

Platinum(II) diimine complexes with catecholate ligands bearing imide electron-acceptor groups: synthesis, crystal structures, (spectro)electrochemical and EPR studies, and electronic structure

A series of catechols with attached imide functionality (imide = phthalimide PHT, 1,8-naphthalimide NAP, 1,4,5,8-naphthalenediimide NDI, and NAP-NDI) has been synthesized and coordinated to the Pt (II)(bpy*) moiety, yielding Pt(bpy*)(cat-imide) complexes (bpy* = 4,4'-di- tert-butyl-2,2'-bipyridine). X-ray crystal structures of PHT and NAP complexes show a distorted square-planar arrangement of ligands around the Pt center. Both complexes form "head-to-tail" dimers in the solid state through remarkably short unsupported Pt...Pt contacts of 3.208 (PHT) and 3.378 A (NAP). The Pt(bpy*)(cat-imide) complexes are shown to combine optical (absorption) and electrochemical properties of the catecholate (electron-donor) and imide (electron-acceptor) groups. The complexes show a series of reversible reduction processes in the range from -0.5 to -1.9 V vs Fc (+)/Fc, which are centered on either bpy* or imide groups, and a reversible oxidation process at +0.07 to +0.14 V, which is centered on the catecholate moiety. A combination of UV-vis absorption spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, UV-vis spectroelectrochemistry, and EPR spectroscopy has allowed assignment of the nature of frontier orbitals in Pt(bpy*)(cat-imide) complexes. The HOMO in Pt(bpy*)(cat-imide) is centered on the catechol ligand, while the LUMO is localized either on bpy* or on the imide group, depending on the nature of the imide group involved. Despite the variations in the nature of the LUMO, the lowest-detectable electronic transition in all Pt(bpy*)(cat-imide) complexes has predominantly ligand-to-ligand (catechol-to-diimine) charge-transfer nature (LLCT) and involves a bpy*-based unoccupied molecular orbital in all cases. The LLCT transition in all Pt(bpy*)(cat-imide) complexes appears at 530 nm in CH2Cl2 and is strongly negatively solvatochromic. The energy of this transition is remarkably insensitive to the imide group present, indicating lack of electronic communication between the imide and the catechol moieties within the cat-imide ligand. The high extinction coefficient, approximately 6 x 10(3) L mol(-1) cm(-1) of this predominantly LLCT transition is the result of the Pt orbital contribution, as revealed by EPR spectroscopy of the complexes in various redox states. The CV profile of the oxidation process of Pt(bpy*)(cat-imide) in CH2Cl2 and DMF is concentration dependent, as was shown for NDI and PHT complexes as typical examples. Oxidation appears as a simple diffusion-limited process at low concentrations, with an increasing anodic-to-cathodic peak separation eventually resolving as two independent consecutive waves as the concentration of the complex increases. It is suggested that aggregation of the complexes in the diffusion layer in the course of oxidation is responsible for the observed concentration dependence. Overall, the Pt(bpy*)(cat-imide) complexes are electrochromic compounds in which a series of stepwise reversible redox processes in the potential range from 0.2 to -2 V (vs Fc (+)/Fc) leads to tuneable absorbencies between 300 and 850 nm.     

Systematic synthesis, isolation, and photophysical properties of linear-shaped Re(I) oligomers and polymers with 2-20 units

Systematic synthesis routes have been developed for the linear-shaped rhenium(I) oligomers and polymers bridged with bidentate phosphorus ligands, [Re(N--N)(CO)3-PP-{Re(N--N)(CO)2-PP-}(n)Re(N--N)(CO)3](PF6)(n+2) (N--N = diimine, PP = bidentate phosphine, n = 0-18). These were isolated by size exclusion chromatography (SEC) and identified by (1)H NMR, IR, electrospray ionization Fourier transform mass spectrometry, analytical SEC, and elemental analysis. Crystal structures of [Re(bpy)(CO)3-Ph2PC[triple bond]CPPh2-Re(bpy)(CO)3](PF6)2, [Re(bpy)(CO)3-Ph2PC[triple bond]CPPh2-Re(bpy)(CO)2-Ph2PC[triple bond]CPPh2-Re(bpy)(CO)3](PF6)3 and [Re(bpy)(CO)3-Ph2PC2H4PPh2-{Re(bpy)(CO)2Ph2PC2H4PPh2-}(n)Re(bpy)(CO)3](PF6)(n+2) (bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine, n = 1, 2) were obtained, showing that they have interligand pi-pi interaction between the bpy ligand and the phenyl groups on the phosphorus ligand. All of the oligomers and polymers synthesized were emissive at room temperature in solution. For the dimers, broad emission was observed with a maximum at 523-545 nm, from the (3)MLCT excited-state of the tricarbonyl complex unit, [Re(N--N)(CO)3-PP-]. Emission from the longer oligomers and polymers with > or = 3 Re(I) units was observed at wavelengths 50-60 nm longer than those of the corresponding dimers. This fact and the emission decay results clearly show that energy transfer from the edge unit to the interior unit occurs with a rate constant of (0.9 x 10(8))-(2.5 x 10(8)) s(-1). The efficient energy transfer and the smaller exclusive volume of the longer Re(I) polymers indicated intermolecular aggregation for these polymers in an MeCN solution.     

Coordination of nickel and copper dithiolate to 2,2′‐bipyridine‐based π‐conjugated polymers

π‐Conjugated polymers (Poly1–Poly3) containing a 2,2′‐bipyridine (bpy) unit were subjected to coordination to nickel and copper dithiolate for the purpose of manipulating the photophysical properties. The absorption maximum peak of Poly1 [maximum wavelength (λ_max) = 446 nm] redshifted by 36 nm upon the coordination of bpy to NiCl₂, which produced Poly1–NiCl₂. A further bathochromic shift was observed in the spectrum of Poly1–mntNi [mntNi = (maleonitrile dithiolate)nickel; λ_max = 499 nm] bearing the dithiolate ligand, which stemmed from the extension of the conjugated system over the nickel dithiolate moiety through the bpy unit. An increase in the [Ni]/[bpy] ratio in Poly1–mntNi rendered the original maximum peak at 446 nm smaller and the lower energy charge‐transfer peak at 499 nm larger; the isosbestic points remained at 380 and 475 nm. The green fluorescence (λ_max = 504 nm) emitted from Poly1 markedly diminished upon the coordination of nickel dithiolate because of the effective energy transfer. The absorption maximum peak of Poly1–mntNi in chloroform at 499 nm blueshifted to 471 nm when the volume ratio of the chloroform/N,N‐dimethylformamide solvent reached 10:90. The coordination of nickel dithiolate to Poly2 and Poly3 also brought about redshifts of the absorption maximum peaks of as much as 55 and 61 nm, respectively. The absorption maximum peak of Poly1–(phenyldithiolate)nickel(pdtNi) (λ_max = 474 nm) redshifted by 28 nm in comparison with that of Poly1, whereas the magnitude of the shift of Poly1–bis(thiophenoxide)nickel(btpNi) bearing two thiophenoxide ligands was 20 nm. Poly1–mntCu with a tetrahedral copper center was also investigated. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 42: 2631–2639, 2004     

Low band‐gap diketopyrrolopyrrole‐containing polymers for near infrared electrochromic and photovoltaic applications

Donor–acceptor type polymers bearing diketopyrrolopyrrole and 3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene units are reported. The polymers are green and exhibit very low band‐gaps (1.19 eV) with strong and broad absorption (maxima of about 830 nm) in the near infrared (NIR) region in their neutral film states. The polymers display color changes between dark green and light blue with exceptional optical contrasts in the NIR regions of up to 78 and 63% as thin films and single‐layer electrochromic devices, respectively. Fast switching, good stabilities as well as high coloration efficiencies (743–901 cm² C^?1) were also observed. The polymers could also be potentially used as photovoltaic material, with a power conversion efficiency of up to 1.68%. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2015 , 53, 1287–1295     

Synthesis,characterization and fluorescence spectra of mixed ligand Zn(II), Cd(II) and Hg(II) complexes with 1,10-phenanthroline-5,6-dione ligand

The novel mixed ligand complexes [M(bpy)(phen-dione)](PF₆)₂ (M?=?Zn(II), Cd(II) and Hg(II), bpy?=?2,2^′-bipyridine and phen-dione?=?1,10-phenanthroline-5,6-dione) have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR, ¹H NMR and electronic absorption spectroscopies. The ν(C=O) of coordinated phen-dione in these complexes are very similar to the free phen-dione ligand showing that phen-dione is not coordinated to metal ion from its C=O sites. Absorption spectra of the complexes show two absorption bands for intraligand transitions. These absorption bands show dependence to the dielectric constant of solvent. These complexes exhibit an intensive fluorescence band around 535?nm in DMF when the excitation wavelength is 260?nm at room temperature. The fluorescence intensity of these complexes is larger than that of the free ligand.     

聚苯类共轭聚合物的重复单元连接方式对禁带宽度的影响

采用DFT/B3LYP方法对低聚物(p- P)2n、(m- P)2n、(m- P1)n和(m- P2)n(n=1~4)体系进行了全优化, 并用ZINDO, TD- DFT方法计算其吸收光谱性质. 分析了各系列HOMO- LUMO能隙、最大吸收波长随n递增的变化规律. 根据低聚物的上述结果外推得到聚合物的性质, 并由此计算了聚合物的有效共轭长度(ECL). 由于间位连接方式的影响, 削弱了间位聚苯及其衍生物的有效共轭程度, 与对位聚苯比较, 能带带隙变宽, 吸收光谱蓝移约130 nm.     

Electronic and molecular structures of the members of the electron transfer series [Cr(tbpy)3]n (n = 3+, 2+, 1+, 0): an X-ray absorption spectroscopic and density functional theoretical study

The electron transfer series of complexes [Cr((t)bpy)(3)](n)(PF(6))(n) (n = 3+, 2+, 1+, 0 (1-4)) has been synthesized and the molecular structures of 1, 2, and 3 have been determined by single-crystal X-ray crystallography; the structure of 4 has been investigated using extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) analysis. Magnetic susceptibility measurements (4-300 K) established an S = 3/2 ground state for 1, an S = 1 ground state for 2, an S = 1/2 ground state for 3, and an S = 0 ground state for 4. The electrochemistry of this series in CH(3)CN solution exhibits three reversible one-electron transfer waves. UV-vis/NIR spectra and Cr K-edge X-ray absorption spectra (XAS) are reported. The same experimental techniques have been applied for [Cr(III)(tacn)(2)]Br(3)·5H(2)O (5) and [Cr(II)(tacn)(2)]Cl(2) (6), which possess an S = 3/2 and an S = 2 ground state, respectively (tacn = 1,4,7-triazacyclononane, a tridentate, pure σ-donor ligand). The Cr K-edge XAS spectra of the corresponding complexes K(4)[Cr(II)(CN)(6)]·10H(2)O (S = 1) (7) and K(3)[Cr(III)(CN)(6)] (S = 3/2) (8) have also been recorded. All complexes have been studied computationally with density functional theory (DFT) using the B3LYP functional. The molecular and electronic structures of the anionic members of the series [Cr(bpy)(3)](1-,2-,3-) have also been calculated. It is unequivocally shown that all members of the electron transfer series 1-4 and [Cr(bpy)(3)](n) (n = 3+, 2+, 1+, 0, 1-, 2, 3-) possess a central Cr(III) ion ((t(2g))(3), S = 3/2). The three N,N'-coordinated neutral (bpy(0)) ligands in the trication 1 and [Cr(III)(bpy)(3)](3+) are one-electron reduced in a stepwise fashion to localized one, two, and three π-radical anions (bpy(?))(1-) in the dicationic, monocationic, and neutral species, respectively. Complexes 2 and [Cr(bpy)(3)](2+) cannot be described as low-spin Cr(II) species; they are in fact best described as [Cr(III)((t)bpy(?))((t)bpy(0))(2)](2+) and [Cr(III)(bpy(?))(bpy(0))(2)](2+) species. Further one-electron reductions yield one, two, and three diamagnetic (bpy(2-))(2-) dianions in the mono-, di-, and trianion. Thus, [Cr(III)(bpy(2-))(3)](3-) is a normal Werner-type Cr(III) (!) species. In all complexes containing (bpy(?))(1-) ligands, the ligand spins are strongly antiferromagnetically coupled to the spins of the central Cr(III) ion (d(3), S(Cr) = 3/2) affording the observed ground states given above. Thus, all redox chemistry of [Cr(bpy)(3)](n) complexes is ligand-based and documents that the ligand 2,2'-bipyridine is a redox noninnocent ligand; it exists in three oxidation levels in these complexes: as N,N'-coordinated neutral (bpy(0)), monoanionic π-radical (bpy(?))(1-), and diamagnetic dianionic (bpy(2-))(2-).     

Highly near‐infrared photoluminescence from aza‐borondipyrromethene‐based conjugated polymers

Near‐infrared (NIR) emissive conjugated polymers were prepared by palladium‐catalyzed Sonogashira polymerization of diiodobenzene‐functionalized aza‐borondipyrromethene (Aza‐BODIPY) monomers, which were substituted at 3 and 5 or 1 and 7 positions on the Aza‐BODIPY core, with 1,4‐diethynyl‐2,5‐dihexadecyloxybenzene or 3,3′‐didodecyl‐2,2′‐diethynyl‐5,5′‐bithiophene. The structures of the polymers were confirmed by ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, ¹¹B NMR, Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR) spectroscopies, and size exclusion chromatography (SEC). The optical properties were then characterized by UV–vis absorption and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopies, and theoretical calculation using density‐functional theory (DFT) method. The polymers were fusible and soluble in common organic solvents including tetrahydrofuran (THF), o‐xylene, toluene, CHCl₃, and CH₂Cl₂, etc. The UV–vis absorption and PL spectra of the polymers shifted to long wavelength region in comparison with simple Aza‐BODIPY as the counterpart because of extended π‐conjugation of the polymers. The polymers efficiently emitted NIR light with narrow emission bands at 713～777 nm on excitation at each absorption maximum. Especially, the polymer attached 1,4‐diethynyl‐2,5‐dihexadecyloxybenzene to 3,5‐position on the core revealed intense quantum yields (?_F = 24%) in this NIR region (753 nm). © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2010     

Photophysical properties of ligand localized excited state in ruthenium(II) polypyridyl complexes: a combined effect of electron donor-acceptor ligand

We have synthesized ruthenium(II) polypyridyl complexes (1) Ru(II)(bpy)(2)(L(1)), (2) Ru(II)(bpy)(2)(L(2)) and (3) Ru(II)(bpy)(L(1))(L(2)), where bpy = 2,2'-bipyridyl, L(1) = 4-[2-(4'-methyl-2,2'-bipyridinyl-4-yl)vinyl]benzene-1,2-diol) and L(2) = 4-(N,N-dimethylamino-phenyl)-(2,2'-bipyridine) and investigated the intra-ligand charge transfer (ILCT) and ligand-ligand charge transfer (LLCT) states by optical absorption and emission studies. Our studies show that the presence of electron donating -NMe(2) functionality in L(2) and electron withdrawing catechol fragment in L(1) ligands of complex 3 introduces low energy LLCT excited states to aboriginal MLCT states. The superimposed LLCT and MLCT state produces redshift and broadening in the optical absorption spectra of complex 3 in comparison to complexes 1 and 2. The emission quantum yield of complex 3 is observed to be extremely low in comparison to that of complex 1 and 2 at room temperature. This is attributed to quenching of the (3)MLCT state by the low-emissive (3)LLCT state. The emission due to ligand localized CT state (ILCT and LLCT) of complexes 2 and 3 is revealed at 77 K in the form of a new luminescence band which appeared in the 670-760 nm region. The LLCT excited state of complex 3 is populated either via direct photoexcitation in the LLCT absorption band (350-700 nm) or through internal conversion from the photoexcited (3)MLCT (400-600 nm) states. The internal conversion rate is determined by quenching of the (3)MLCT state in a time resolved emission study. The internal conversion to LLCT and ILCT excited states are observed to be as fast as ～200 ps and ～700 ps for complexes 3 and 2, respectively. The present study illustrates the photophysical property of the ligand localized excited state of newly synthesized heteroleptic ruthenium(II) polypyridyl complexes.     

联吡啶Ir(Ⅲ)配合物电子结构及光谱性质的理论研究

采用密度泛函理论(DFT)对配合物Ir(ppy)2(N^N)+ [ppy=2-phenylpyrine, N^N=bpy= 2,2’-bipyridine(1); N^N=H2dcbpy=4.4’-dicarboxy-2,2’-bipyridine(2), N^N=Hcmbpy=4-carboxy-4’-methyl-2,2’-bipyridine(3)] 的基态和激发态几何构型进行优化, 通过TDDFT/B3LYP方法得到这些化合物在乙腈溶液中的吸收光谱和磷光发射光谱及其跃迁性质. 研究结果表明, 化合物1 (384 nm), 2(433 nm)和3 (413 nm) 最低的吸收谱被指认为MLCT/LLCT[dIr+π(ppy)→π*(N^N)]电荷跃迁. 化合物1(486 nm), 2(576 nm)和3 (567 nm)最低的磷光发射可以描述为[dIr+π(ppy)]→[π*(N^N)]跃迁. 这是由于联吡啶配体上吸电子基团的引入, 稳定了相应的空轨道, 导致了化合物2和3的吸收和发射光谱红移. 同时, 化合物非线性光学性质的计算结果表明, 三种化合物均具有较大的一阶超极化率(β), 联吡啶配体中吸电子基团的增加, 使得分子内电子转移增强, 导致一阶超极化率增大.     

Synthesis, characterisation and theoretical study of ruthenium 4,4'-bi-1,2,3-triazolyl complexes: fundamental switching of the nature of S1 and T1 states from MLCT to MC

The series of complexes [Ru(bpy)(3-n)(btz)(n)][PF(6)](2) (bpy = 2,2'-bipyridyl, btz = 1,1'-dibenzyl-4,4'-bi-1,2,3-triazolyl, 2n = 1, 3n = 2, 4n = 3) have been prepared and characterised, and the photophysical and electronic effects imparted by the btz ligand were investigated. Complexes 2 and 3 exhibit MLCT absorption bands at 425 and 446 nm respectively showing a progressive blue-shift in the absorption on increasing the btz ligand content when compared to [Ru(bpy)(3)][Cl](2) (1). Complex 4 exhibits a heavily blue-shifted absorption spectrum with respect to those of 1-3, indicating that the LUMO of the latter are bpy-centred with little or no btz contribution whereas that of 4 is necessarily btz-centred. DFT calculations on analogous complexes 1'-4' (in which the benzyl substituents are replaced by methyl) show that the HOMO-LUMO gap increases by 0.3 eV from 1'-3' through destabilisation of the LUMO with respect to the HOMO. The HOMO-LUMO gap of 4' increases by 0.98 eV compared to that of 3' due to significant destabilisation of the LUMO. Examination of TDDFT data show that the S(1) states of 1'-3' are (1)MLCT in character whereas that of 4' is (1)MC. The optimisation of the T(1) state of 4' leads to the elongation of two mutually trans Ru-N bonds to yield [Ru(κ(2)-btz)(κ(1)-btz)(2)](2+), confirming the (3)MC character. Thus, replacement of bpy by btz leads to a fundamental change in the ordering of excited states such that the nature of the lowest energy excited state changes from MLCT in nature to MC.     

Trichromophoric systems from square-planar Pt-ethynylbipyridine and octahedral Ru- and Os-bipyridine centers: syntheses, structures, electrochemical behavior, and bipartition of energy transfer

The synthetic approach, electrochemical behavior, and optical absorption and emission properties are reported of the Pt-bipyridine-acetylide/Ru-bipyridine complex [(dbbpy)Pt{(ebpy)Ru(bpy) 2} 2] (4+), PtRu 2, the Pt-bipyridine-acetylide/Os-bipyridine analogue, PtOs 2, and the Pt/Ru/Os complex [(dbbpy)Pt(ebpy) 2Ru(bpy) 2Os(bpy) 2] (4+), PtRuOs; ebpy is 5-ethynylbpy, dbbpy is 4,4'-ditertiobutylbpy, and bpy is 2,2'-bipyridine. These triads are investigated in acetonitrile solvent by comparing their electrochemical and spectroscopic properties with those of the mononuclear species [(dbbpy)Pt(ebpy) 2], Pt, [Ru(ebpy)(bpy) 2] (2+), Ru, and [Os(ebpy)(bpy) 2] (2+), Os. Results of X-ray analysis of Pt are reported, which show the planar arrangement of this unit that features two free bpy sites. The absorption spectra of the triads and the mononuclear species show that light at 452 or 376 nm can be employed to observe luminescence spectra of these complexes; for the observation of emission lifetimes, nanoled sources at 465 and 373 nm are employed. With lambda exc = 452 (and 465) nm, one selectively produces Ru --> bpy/ebpy CT (RuLCT) or Os --> bpy/ebpy CT states (OsLCT); MLCT is a metal-to-ligand charge-transfer. With lambda exc = 376 (and 373) nm, one populates Pt --> dbbpy CT and intraligand charge transfer (ILCT, involving the ebpy fragment) levels, in addition to Ru(II)- or Os(II)-centered excited states, in aliquots that are estimated from comparison of the absorption features of the components. Upon excitation with light at 376 (and 373) nm, the optical studies of PtRu 2, PtOs 2, and PtRuOs reveal full quenching of the Pt-based emission and occurrence of efficient photoinduced energy transfer, leading to exclusive MLCT emission from the ruthenium and osmium centers. In particular, PtRuOs is found to exhibit a Ru- and Os-based dual luminescence, whose intensities ratio is consistent with a Pt --> Os intramolecular energy transfer step being 3-6 times faster than the Pt --> Ru one.     

近红外吸收PC滤光片的制备与性能研究

使用染料-高聚物混合(dye-in-polymer)的方法将近红外吸收染料作为功能添加剂分散在聚碳酸酯(PC)中,采用注塑成型的方法制备了用于夜视兼容照明的近红外吸收滤光片.研究了近红外吸收剂在PC材料中的吸收行为,确定了近红外吸收剂的添加量,最终制备的近红外吸收滤光片在660～930 nm波长范围内有良好的吸收能力,在此波段范围内的光线透过率为0.15%,同时在450～630 nm波长范围内保持了较好的可见光透过性.按照标准测试手段对样品的耐热老化性能,耐光老化性能和力学性能进行了测试.结果表明,制备的近红外吸收滤光片性能稳定,强度大,具有良好的应用性能.     

Crystal structures and spectroscopic properties of zinc(II) ternary complexes of vitamin L, H' and their isomer m-aminobenzoic acid with bipyridine

The crystal structures of the three Zn(II) complexes, [Zn(bpy)(o-AB)2] (1) (bpy=2,2'-bipyridine, o-AB=o-aminobenzoic acid=Vitamin L), [Zn(bpy)(m-AB)Cl]2 (2) (m-AB=m-aminobenzoic acid), [Zn(bpy)(p-AB)Cl]*p-AB*H2O (3) (p-AB=p-aminobenzoic acid=Vitamin H'), have been determined and the basic coordination geometries and architectures organized by hydrogen-bonds and pi-pi interactions also characterized. The substitute amine group at ortho-, meta-, and para-position of AB plays an important role to produce completely different coordination motif of these complexes, further, in all complexes, aromatic amines are not coordinated to Zn(II) atom. While two different types of coordination modes of the carboxylate O atoms are present in these complexes: one mode consists of the usual Zn-O bond lengths (2.009(2)-2.251(2) A) in complex 1, 2 and 3; another consists of a very long Zn-O bond lengths (2.422(2) A) in complex 1. Each of the complexes has the characteristic UV absorption bands around 250-310 nm region, and the intense fluorescence band at near 325 nm.     

Charged, but Found "Not Guilty": Innocence of the Suspect Bridging Ligands [RO(O)CNNC(O)OR](2-) = L(2-) in [(acac)(2)Ru(μ-L)Ru(acac)(2)](n), n = +,0,-,2-

Neutral diastereoisomeric diruthenium(III) complexes, meso- and rac-[(acac)(2)Ru(μ-adc-OR)Ru(acac)(2)] (acac(-) = 2,4-pentanedionato and adc-OR(2-) = dialkylazodicarboxylato = [RO(O)CNNC(O)OR](2-), R = tert-butyl or isopropyl), were obtained from electron transfer reactions between Ru(acac)(2)(CH(3)CN)(2) and azodicarboxylic acid dialkyl esters (adc-OR). The meso isomer 3 with R = isopropyl was structurally characterized, revealing two deprotonated and N-N coupled carbamate functions in a reduced dianionic bridge with d(N-N) = 1.440(5) ?. A rather short distance of 4.764 ? has been determined between the two oxidized, antiferromagnetically coupled Ru(III) centers. The rac isomer 4 with R = isopropyl exhibited stronger antiferromagnetic coupling. While the oxidation of the neutral compounds was fully reversible only for 3 and 4, two well-separated (10(8) < K(c) < 10(10)) reversible one-electron reduction steps produced monoanionic intermediates 1(-)-4(-) with intense (ε ≈ 3000 M(-1) cm(-1)), broad (Δν(1/2) ≈ 3000 cm(-1)) absorptions in the near-infrared (NIR) region around 2000 nm. The absence of electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) signals even at 4 K favors the mixed-valent formulation Ru(II)(adc-OR(2-))Ru(III) with innocently behaving bridging ligands over the radical-bridged alternative Ru(II)(adc-OR(?-))Ru(II), a view which is supported by the metal-centered spin as calculated by density functional theory (DFT) for the methyl ester model system. The second reduction of the complexes causes the NIR absorption to disappear completely, the EPR silent oxidized forms 3(+) and 4(+), calculated with asymmetrical spin distribution, do not exhibit near infrared (NIR) activity. The series of azo-bridged diruthenium complex redox systems [(acac)(2)Ru(μ-adc-R)Ru(acac)(2)](n) (n = +,0,-,2-), [(bpy)(2)Ru(μ-adc-R)Ru(bpy)(2)](k) (k = 4+,3+,2+,0,2-), and [(acac)(2)Ru(μ-dih-R)Ru(acac)(2)](m) (m = 2+,+,0,-,2-; dih-R(2-) = 1,2-diiminoacylhydrazido(2-)) is being compared in terms of electronic structure and identity of the odd-electron intermediates, revealing the dichotomy of innocent vs noninnocent behavior.     

Organometallic complexes for nonlinear optics. 30.1 electrochromic linear and nonlinear optical properties of alkynylbis(diphosphine)ruthenium complexes

A combination of cyclic voltammetry, UV-vis-NIR spectroelectrochemistry, time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT), and Z-scan measurements employing a modified optically transparent thin-layer electrochemical (OTTLE) cell has been used to identify and assign intense transitions of metal alkynyl complexes at technologically important wavelengths in the oxidized state and to utilize these transitions to demonstrate a facile electrochromic switching of optical nonlinearity. Cyclic voltammetric data for the ruthenium(II) complexes trans-[RuXY(dppe)(2)] [dppe = 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane, X = Cl, Y = Cl (1), Ctbd1;CPh (2), 4-Ctbd1;CC(6)H(4)Ctbd1;CPh (3); X = Ctbd1;CPh, Y = Ctbd1;CPh (4), 4-Ctbd1;CC(6)H(4)Ctbd1;CPh (5)] show a quasi-reversible oxidation at 0.50-0.60 V (with respect to ferrocene/ferrocenium 0.56 V), which is assigned to the Ru(II/III) couple. The ruthenium(III) complex cations trans-[RuXY(dppe)(2)](+) were obtained by the in situ oxidation of complexes 1-5 using an OTTLE cell. The UV-vis-NIR optical spectra of 1(+)-5(+) contain a low-energy band in the near-IR region ( approximately 8000-16 000 cm(-)(1)), in contrast to 1-5, which are optically transparent at wavelengths < 22 000 cm(-)(1). TD-DFT calculations have been applied to model systems trans-[RuXY(PH(3))(4)] [X = Cl, Y = Cl, Ctbd1;CPh, or 4-Ctbd1;CC(6)H(4)Ctbd1;CPh; X = Ctbd1;CPh, Y = Ctbd1;CPh or 4-Ctbd1;CC(6)H(4)Ctbd1;CPh] to rationalize the optical spectra of 1-5 and 1(+)-5(+). The important low-energy bands in the electronic spectra of 1(+)-5(+) are assigned to the promotion of an electron from either a chloride p orbital or an ethynyl p orbital to the partially occupied HOMO. These absorption bands have been utilized to demonstrate a facile switching of cubic nonlinear optical (NLO) properties at 12 500 cm(-)(1) (corresponding to the wavelength of maximum transmission in biological materials such as tissue) using the OTTLE cell, the first electrochromic switching of molecular nonlinear refraction and absorption, and the first switching of optical nonlinearity using an electrochemical cell.