低并发症医用涂层构建策略研究进展

医用材料的功能性主要通过医用材料表面与生物环境接触而表现出来,需要对医用材料表面进行功能化改性,否则在植入/介入过程中会吸附侵入的细菌引发感染或产生凝血引发血栓等并发症,导致器械服役时间缩短及应用失败。基于上述问题在材料表面调控结构组成、构建功能表面、实现低并发症和生物相容性一直是该领域亟需解决的重要科学问题。目前低并发症医用涂层构建方法主要有表面化学接枝改性、单分子层自组装、层层自组装、多巴胺涂层等,结合本课题组近年来在低并发症医用高分子材料及医疗器械的医用涂层研究成果,简单介绍了国内外医用涂层表面构建的研究进展。     

医用高分子材料抗菌表面构建及在医疗器械中应用

医疗器械在介(植)入体内后,在其表面滋生细菌是引发院内感染的最主要原因,给病患带来重大的经济损失,甚至危及生命安全。细菌首先在材料/器械表面粘附,进而形成生物膜,生物被膜一旦形成,会引起细菌持续性感染。为了赋予材料表面抗菌性能,有针对性地进行抗菌表面的构建,其策略主要为:抗细菌粘附策略、杀菌策略、抗细菌粘附-杀菌(抗-杀)结合策略和抗细菌粘附-杀菌转化策略。结合本课题组近年来在抗菌医用高分子材料及医疗器械的研究成果,简单介绍了国内外其抗菌表面构建及在医疗器械中应用的研究进展。     

抗植入式高分子医用材料感染的研究进展

植入式高分子医用材料表面会粘附细菌形成生物膜引发生物材料相关的感染(BRI),给高分子医用材料的广泛应用提出了重大挑战.本文从BRI发生的机制入手,综述了通过高分子医用材料表面改性减少细菌粘附与使用抗菌素-生物材料体系两个方面来抵抗BRI发生的研究进展,重点阐述了局部抗菌药物缓释体系及纳米技术在抗菌药物缓释体系中的应用,并指出高分子前药控释体系的研究和应用是抗高分子医用材料感染的发展趋势.     

生物医用材料表面光引发活性接枝聚合研究新进展

表面接枝聚合改性已经成为提升生物医用材料性能的最重要方法之一.参比其他活性接枝聚合方法,光引发活性接枝聚合因其独特的优势已被越来越广泛地应用于生物医用材料表面改性.根据光引发剂的类型,目前应用最多的光引发活性接枝聚合的引发体系主要有3种:光引发-转移-终止剂介导的聚合引发体系、二苯甲酮及其衍生物引发体系、硫杂蒽酮类引发体系.本文首先简要介绍了上述3种光引发活性接枝聚合体系的发展历程、接枝机理以及特点.同时结合本课题组相关研究工作,重点论述了光引发接枝聚合技术在3个不同生物医用领域的主要应用:(1)抗菌表面,利用光活性接枝的特点构建层状功能高分子刷,实现表面抗菌功能的阶段性需求.(2)免疫检测表面,使用光活性接枝方法构建层状功能高分子刷,解决检测灵敏度低以及蛋白干扰问题.(3)生物活性分子表面固定,利用可见光活性接枝聚合体系,实现酶在表面的固定化使用以及细胞表面修饰以提高细胞稳定性.最后展望了生物医用材料表面光引发活性接枝聚合研究的发展趋势.     

具有“杀菌-释菌”功能转换的智能抗菌表面

细菌在生物材料表面的黏附和后续生物被膜的形成会引起一系列严重后果,因此赋予生物材料表面抗菌性能成为国内外科研工作者们的研究热点.然而目前常见的抗菌策略主要集中在杀死表面黏附的细菌,而忽略了死细菌在表面的积累所引起的如抗菌效率下降、二次污染等诸多问题.针对此,研究者们提出了"杀菌-释菌"功能转换的智能抗菌策略并以此发展了一系列智能抗菌表面.本专论基于我们课题组的研究成果,根据杀菌剂与材料表面结合方式的不同(永久固定杀菌剂、可重复负载杀菌剂和不需要杀菌剂),对近年来智能抗菌表面领域的研究进展进行了评述.这些智能抗菌表面能够在杀灭细菌后及时清除表面残留的死细菌,从而保持了长效抗菌功能.最后对该领域未来的研究方向进行了展望.     

医用高分子材料抗凝血表面构建策略及研究进展

医用高分子材料及医疗器械主要用于疾病的诊断和治疗。此种材料/器械在植/介入人体与血液接触时,血浆蛋白会在几秒钟内吸附到材料/器械表面,并与血小板上的糖蛋白受体结合,导致血小板活化、凝血级联以及补体激活,形成凝血及血栓,严重危及病人的健康及生命安全。为了赋予材料/器械表面抗凝血性能,需有针对性地进行抗凝血表面构建,其方法主要为:生物惰性涂层、生物活性涂层、具有内皮(EC)特异性生长因子的表面涂层和复合抗凝涂层。本文结合国内外该领域研究动态及本课题组近年来在医用高分子材料及医疗器械抗凝血表面构建的研究成果,概述了抗凝血表面构建及其在医疗器械中应用的研究进展。     

层层自组装技术在生物医用材料领域中的应用研究进展

基于聚电解质阴阳离子交替组装的层层自组装技术由于可在温和的条件下实现多种生物大分子在材料表面的固定,并通过对组装条件的控制实现多种生物功能,已成为生物医用材料表面设计的重要手段。本文对层层自组装技术在构建血液相容性界面、组织工程表面、药物控释涂层等生物医用材料领域的应用研究进行了比较系统的阐述。     

抗菌生物材料的研究进展

生物材料的感染限制了生物材料的进一步应用.细菌在材料表面粘附、生长成细菌生物膜是生物材料相关感染难治的根本原因.因此,最有效的解决方法是防止细菌生物膜的形成.本文对目前抗菌生物材料的研究现状进行综述,提出目前防止细菌生物膜生成的方法主要有三种:抗细菌粘附的方法;杀菌的方法及二者相结合的方法.在设计抗粘附生物材料时,除了考虑材料表面的化学结构外,也要考虑材料的表面拓扑结构及材料的本体性能对细菌粘附的影响;在设计杀菌的生物材料时,不但要考虑杀菌性能,也要考虑杀菌剂对材料血液相容性的影响.总的来说,抗粘附的方法及杀菌相结合(多重抗菌)的方法是可望解决生物材料感染的一条新方法.     

聚合物抗污涂层的研究进展

构筑聚合物抗污涂层表面是解决生物污损的有效策略. 聚合物具有耐酸碱性和易于功能化及表面修饰等优点, 聚合物抗污涂层在降低生物污损对材料的影响和减少经济损失中发挥着重要作用. 本文综合评述了聚合物抗污涂层的各种研究策略和研究进展, 介绍了相关新型聚合物抗污涂层的成果, 并展望了该领域面临的挑战.     

层状组装：先进药物控释涂层材料的新选择*

先进的药物控释体系和医用植入体是生物医用材料研究的重要内容,将两者有机结合构成的结合装置为采用药物控释的手段有效解决医用植入体面临的挑战,提升医用植入体的功能提供了新的可能。基于静电交替组装的层层组装技术具有操作简单,涂层组成、厚度可控,适用组装分子和组装基材种类广泛,利于保持药物活性等一系列优点,已成为先进药物控释涂层材料的新选择。本文从层状组装多层膜构建原位药物控释涂层的方法研究,对药物释放的调控和功能药物涂层研究三个方面对这一技术在该领域的应用进行了简要介绍。系统总结了层状组装作为先进药物控释涂层材料的优势。并针对将药物控释与医用植入体有机结合的要求,对现有层状组装涂层方法的不足和今后发展的方向进行了论述。     

Inorganic material coatings and their effect on cytotoxicity

Inorganic materials have become an increasingly researched topic due to their applications in many areas especially health care. One major problem with them is the effect that their surface coatings have on cells. The same coatings that are meant to increase biocompatibility can actually invoke cytotoxicity. This tutorial review focuses on the various types of coatings and how their properties, such as electrostatic charge and hydrophobicity, affect the observed toxicity. The theorized mechanisms by which the coatings induce toxicity are also presented. Finally, the prospects for the future of this field are discussed.     

Multifunctional cold spray coatings for biological and biomedical applications: A review

A variety of coating techniques are available for medical devices to be tailored with surface properties aimed at optimizing their performance in biological environments. Cold spray, as a member of the thermal spray family, is now being exploited to efficiently deposit micro- to nanometer sized metallic or non-metallic particles on surgical implants, medical devices and surfaces in the healthcare environment to create functional coatings. Cold spray has attracted attention in the context of biomedical applications due to the fact that multiple materials can be combined easily at the surface of these devices, and that oxygen-sensitive and heat-sensitive organic molecules, including bioactive compounds, can be incorporated in these coatings due to the relatively low temperatures used in the process. The ability to maintain material and chemical properties and the ability to create functional coatings make the cold spray process particularly suitable for applications in the MedTech industry sector.This review explores the fabrication of cold spray coatings including the types of materials that have been used for biomedical purposes, provides a detailed analysis of the factors affecting cold spray coating performance, and gives an overview over the most recent developments related to the technology. Cold spray coatings that have been used until this point in time in biomedical applications can be broadly classified as biocompatible coatings, anti-infective coatings, anti-corrosive coatings, and wear-resistant coatings. In addition, this review discusses how these applications can be broadened, for example by providing antiviral effect against coronavirus (COVID-19). While we highlight examples for multifunctional cold spray coatings, we also explore the current challenges and opportunities for cold spray coatings in the biomedical field and predict likely future developments.     

石墨烯基纳米材料在抗菌涂层中的研究进展

抗菌涂料广泛应用于医疗保健、食品保鲜和医院消毒等多个行业领域。石墨烯是目前最受欢迎的纳米材料之一,在抗菌方面细菌表现出低耐药性,同时对哺乳动物细胞有较小的细胞毒性。石墨烯从物理和化学两个层面协同发挥抑菌效果,物理方面其尖锐边缘与细菌细胞膜的直接接触从而对脂质分子进行破坏性提取,而化学方面通过氧化应激所产生的活性氧以及电荷转移破坏细菌细胞膜。此外,石墨烯用于作为分散和稳定各种纳米材料的载体,且得益于材料之间的协同作用,其复合材料具有较高的抗菌效率和良好的生物相容性,目前已在抗菌包装、伤口敷料和器械表面清洁等方面投入使用。本文首先概述了石墨烯的结构、安全性以及抗菌机理,对石墨烯复合涂层所取得的重要成果进行简要总结,最后综述了石墨烯材料在支架表面改性中的研究进展,展望了石墨烯抗菌涂层的未来发展趋势。     

甲壳素基新材料研究进展

甲壳素/壳聚糖良好的生物相容性、生物可降解性及独特的生理活性使其成为非常有应用价值的天然高分子材料,当前已成为新材料领域的研究热点.甲壳素/壳聚糖具有良好的可加工性能,可固定贵金属、半导体纳米材料等活性催化物质,同时其本身也具有催化作用,是一类绿色环境友好的高分子催化材料.良好的生物相容性和生物可降解性使甲壳素/壳聚糖...     

A review on antibacterial silk fibroin-based biomaterials: current state and prospects

Bacterial contamination of biomaterials is a common problem and a serious threat to human health worldwide. Therefore, the development of multifunctional biomaterials that possess antibacterial properties and can resist infection is a continual goal for biomedical applications. Silk fibroin (SF), approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration as a biomaterial, is one of the most widely studied natural polymers for biomedical applications owing to its unique mechanical properties, biocompatibility, tunable biodegradation, and versatile material formats. In the last decade, many methods have been used for the development of antibacterial SF-based biomaterials (SFBs) such as physical loading or chemical functionalization of SFBs with different antibacterial agents and bioinspired surface modifications. In this review, we first describe the current understanding of the composition and structure-property relationship of SF as a leading-edge biomaterial. Then we demonstrate the different antibacterial agents and methods implemented for the development of bactericidal SFBs, their mechanisms of action, and different applications. We briefly address their fabrication methods, advantages, and limitations, and finally discuss the emerging technologies and future trends in this research area.     

Graphene-Based Antimicrobial Biomedical Surfaces

Biomedical application of graphene derivatives have been intensively studied in last decade. With the exceptional structural, thermal, electrical, and mechanical properties, these materials have attracted immense attention of biomedical scientists to utilize graphene derivatives in biomedical devices to improve their performance or to achieve desired functions. Surfaces of graphene derivatives including graphite, graphene, graphene oxide and reduce graphene oxide have been demonstrated to pave an excellent platform for antimicrobial behavior, enhanced biocompatibility, tissue engineering, biosensors and drug delivery. This review focuses on the recent advancement in the research of biomedical devices with the coatings or highly structured polymer nanocomposite surfaces of graphene derivatives for antimicrobial activity and sterile surfaces comprising an entirely new class of antibacterial materials. Overall, we aim to highlight on the potential of these materials, current understanding and knowledge gap in the antimicrobial behavior and biocompatibility to be utilized of their coatings to prevent the cross infections.     

Antibacterial Hybrid Hydrogels

Bacterial infectious diseases and bacterial‐infected environments have been threatening the health of human beings all over the world. In view of the increased bacteria resistance caused by overuse or improper use of antibiotics, antibacterial biomaterials are developed as the substitutes for antibiotics in some cases. Among them, antibacterial hydrogels are attracting more and more attention due to easy preparation process and diversity of structures by changing their chemical cross‐linkers via covalent bonds or noncovalent physical interactions, which can endow them with various specific functions such as high toughness and stretchability, injectability, self‐healing, tissue adhesiveness and rapid hemostasis, easy loading and controlled drug release, superior biocompatibility and antioxidation as well as good conductivity. In this review, the recent progress of antibacterial hydrogel including the fabrication methodologies, interior structures, performances, antibacterial mechanisms, and applications of various antibacterial hydrogels is summarized. According to the bacteria‐killing modes of hydrogels, several representative hydrogels such as silver nanoparticles‐based hydrogel, photoresponsive hydrogel including photothermal and photocatalytic, self‐bacteria‐killing hydrogel such as inherent antibacterial peptides and cationic polymers, and antibiotics‐loading hydrogel are focused on. Furthermore, current challenges of antibacterial hydrogels are discussed and future perspectives in this field are also proposed.     

Silver bromide nanoparticle/polymer composites: dual action tunable antimicrobial materials

We present a simple method of fabricating highly potent dual action antibacterial composites consisting of a cationic polymer matrix and embedded silver bromide nanoparticles. A simple and novel technique of on-site precipitation of AgBr was used to synthesize the polymer/nanoparticle composites. The synthesized composites have potent antibacterial activity toward both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. The materials form good coatings on surfaces and kill both airborne and waterborne bacteria. Surfaces coated with these composites resist biofilm formation. These composites are different from other silver-containing antibacterial materials both in the ease of synthesis and in the use of a silver salt nanoparticle instead of elemental silver or complex silver compounds. We also demonstrate the ability to tune the release of biocidal Ag(+) ions from these composites by controlling the size of the embedded AgBr nanoparticles. These composites are potentially useful as antimicrobial coatings in a wide variety of biomedical and general use applications.     

Copper-Based Nanoparticles as Antibacterial Agents

Over the past few decades, the resistance of different pathogenic bacteria to various antibiotics has gradually increased. In order to solve the problems of this modern era, metal nanoparticles have attracted more attention than ever. Copper has been recognized as a non-toxic, safe inorganic material and cheap antibacterial or antifungal agent, showing potential antibacterial effect in many biomedical fields. This interest has accelerated the generation of many novel methods for the synthesis of copper-based nanoparticles. Due to the non-toxicity and safety requirements of antibacterial agents, the recent green synthesis of copper-based nanoparticles is gradually replacing the traditional methods. In addition, the antibacterial mechanism of copper-based nanoparticles has provoked great curiosity. This review summarizes the synthetic methods, the possible antibacterial mechanisms and applications of copper-based nanoparticles. Additionally, the application prospects of copper-based nanoparticle antibacterial agent in biomedical applications and clinical field have been described and discussed.