有限长螺线管磁场的全场分布

采用数值计算的方法给出了不同径向与轴向比的有限长螺线管磁场的全场数值解,借助DigitalMicrographTM软件给出L∶R =1,L∶R =2,L∶R =4三幅典型轴向与径向比的有限长螺线管磁场的全场分布图像.对不同径向与轴向比的有限长螺线管磁场均匀性的变化规律做了详细分析.     

疏松载流螺线管轴线上磁场的分布研究

疏松载流螺线管轴线上磁场实验的设计可以测量螺线管轴线不同位置上的轴向磁场和径向磁场,实验结果与数值计算结果吻合。另外,从该实验测量结果发现疏松型螺线管轴线上的轴向磁场与螺距呈近似线性关系。这些工作不仅可作为大学物理实验课的选做内容,还可以为设计基于测量磁场的位移和应力传感器提供依据。     

高超声速飞行器磁控热防护系统建模分析

针对高超声速飞行器防热, 搭建了螺线管磁控热防护系统的物理模型. 采用低磁雷诺数磁流体数学模型, 分析了外加磁场强度及磁场形态对磁控热防护效果的影响. 对比了三种磁场类型(磁偶极子、螺线管、均布磁场)下磁控热防护效果的差异, 分析了螺线管几何参数对磁控热防护效果的影响. 研究表明, 磁场降低表面热流作用存在“饱和现象”; 三种磁场形态的磁控热防护能力从小到大依次为磁偶极子、螺线管、均布磁场; 相同驻点磁感应强度条件下, 增大螺线管半径有利于提高磁控热防护效果, 缩短螺线管与驻点距离不利于驻点和肩部防热, 螺线管长度对磁控热防护效果影响相对较小.     

基于阶梯电流法的双螺线管超导磁体的研究

超导磁体在统一电流下每个双饼线圈受到的径向磁场大小不同,而临界电流主要受最大径向磁场影响决定,使得磁体带材利用率低.本文将根据双饼线圈所受径向磁场的不同给其通入不同电流的阶梯电流方法应用于双螺线管超导磁体,建立了双螺线管超导磁体的有限元模型,提出了一种快速求解阶梯电流临界电流大小的迭代方法,计算了二阶梯双螺线管磁体临界电流大小,储能,互感与磁体间距大小的变化关系.仿真结果表明,采用阶梯电流法能够提高双螺线管的平均储能密度,提高带材的利用率,并且从机械应力方面验证了阶梯电流的可行性.相同磁体结构下,双螺线管磁体的储能密度与临界电流在间距的增大过程中存在最大值,变化趋势先增大再减小,最后趋于稳定.     

基于磁致旋光效应测量有限长通电螺线管轴向磁场分布

基于磁致旋光效应和倍频法的原理,通过记录重火石样品被置于有限长通电螺线管的不同位置时的磁致旋光角,探究了有限长通电螺线管轴向磁场分布.     

交变电流调制下磁光材料介电常数对螺线管内部轴向磁场的影响

基于磁光调制的方位测量系统的关键技术是磁光调制技术,交变电流驱动的含磁光材料螺线管内轴向磁场的精确表达至关重要,但是目前关于磁光材料参数特性对磁场的影响研究甚少。以磁光材料TGG晶体为例,研究了TGG介电常数变化对螺线管内部轴向交变磁场的影响。首先,当螺线管内部磁光材料的介电常数不变时,利用麦克斯韦方程建立正弦波调制下螺线管内部轴向交变磁场模型;然后根据TGG的材料构成,通过分子模拟软件VASP获得TGG的介电常数随调制信号频率变化的函数;最后将此变化函数引入到已经建立的交变磁场模型中,获得TGG介电常数变化对正弦波调制下螺线管内部轴向交变磁场的影响。结果表明:随着调制信号频率的增加,TGG晶体的介电常数减小,造成螺线管内部轴向磁场幅值衰减变缓、磁场相移衰减中的急速衰减阶段提前,且衰减速率更快。该研究思路与方法为进一步研究磁光材料对螺线管内部磁场、方位失调角测量精度的影响提供了参考。     

有限尺寸矩形截面螺线管轴向分量磁场的理论及模拟计算研究

在多层多匝矩形截面螺线管轴向分量磁场解析表达式难以求得的情况下,利用单匝矩形线圈及单层多匝矩形截面螺线管轴向分量磁场的解析表达式,采用切片求和的方法,求得了可用于软件编程的矩形截面螺线管轴向分量磁场分布的表达式,并编写了相应的Matlab计算程序.最终,利用所编写的计算程序,对各类小型加速器中应用较多的束流轨道校正磁铁轴向分量磁场的分布进行了计算,并与三维静态电磁场计算软件CST EM Studio的模拟结果进行了对比,两者符合较好.     

磁场调控型离子源的设计与实验

磁场调控型离子源在离子源等离子体扩散空间中引入轴向强脉冲磁场,磁场起两方面的作用,一是形成潘宁放电效应,使原子、气体分子碰撞电离效率增加;二是在脉冲强磁场的作用下,强轴向磁场将质量较轻的离子约束在轴线上,对质量较重的金属离子约束能力较弱,导致其在等离子体膨胀引出通道中碰壁损失,能够提升引出轻离子的比例。开展了磁场调控的离子源放电结构、强脉冲螺线管磁场以及引出束流光学结构的设计;测量分析了引出离子流强和离子打靶束斑形貌。研究结果表明,强轴向磁场通过等离子体对混合离子成分的筛选作用,可有效提高引出离子流强中的轻离子成分比例。     

CSRm束流径向和轴向振荡的耦合

 介绍了由于磁铁的安装误差和螺线管的存在而造成的束流径向和轴向的耦合，以及耦合对束流稳定的影响。结合CSRm结构的典型参数分析得出：二极磁铁和四极磁铁在纵向角安装偏差为-0.5~0.5 mrad；有螺线管存在的情况下，工作点落在和共振线时，将导致束流不稳定而大量损失，落在差共振线时，束流稳定。通过模拟计算发现：螺线管产生的耦合远大于磁铁的纵向角安装偏差产生的耦合。     

CSRm束流径向和轴向振荡的耦合

介绍了由于磁铁的安装误差和螺线管的存在而造成的束流径向和轴向的耦合，以及耦合对束流稳定的影响。结合CSRm结构的典型参数分析得出:二极磁铁和四极磁铁在纵向角安装偏差为-0.5~0.5 mrad；有螺线管存在的情况下，工作点落在和共振线时，将导致束流不稳定而大量损失，落在差共振线时，束流稳定。通过模拟计算发现:螺线管产生的耦合远大于磁铁的纵向角安装偏差产生的耦合。     

Calculation of the electric potential and Lorentz force acting on a locally ionized region in a magnetohydrodynamic flow placed in a nonuniform magnetic field

An analytical solution to electrodynamic equations for the electric potential in a locally ionized magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flow in the nonuniform magnetic field produced by a straight-line conductor is found. Analytical formulas are obtained to evaluate the volume density of the Lorentz force and the integral Lorentz force acting on the locally ionized region of the MHD flow. It is shown that the MHD action on the locally ionized flow in the nonuniform magnetic field can be used to control the elevating force as well as the ratio of the elevating force to the drag force.     

Supersonic flow about a body exposed to electric and magnetic fields

The feasibility of using nonmechanical (electrogasdynamic, EGD, and magnetohydrodynamic, MHD) methods to control shock-wave configurations emerging in supersonic flows is investigated. In the EGD method, the flow is heated by a gas discharge; in the MHD one, the flow is influenced by a Lorentz force arising in a gas discharge upon applying a magnetic field. The influence of the gas discharge and MHD interaction on the position of a detached shock wave appearing in a supersonic xenon flow about a semicylindrical body is studied. A discharge is initiated in the immediate vicinity of the leading edge of the body, and the variation of the shock wave position with the intensity of the discharge (discharge current density) is traced when the influence of the EGD action increases and/or an external magnetic field is applied (the influence of the MHD action increases). Preliminary data for a supersonic air flow about a body are presented.     

绕圆柱体自由表面磁流体流动和传热的研究

本文对在不同雷诺数下,绕圆柱体的磁流体自由表面流动及传热进行了模拟,分析了磁场对绕流圆柱尾迹和涡分离的影响,获得了两种雷诺数下的电磁力密度、流场和温度场分布。结果表明,磁场不仅影响了流动的形态,而且对湍流有抑制作用,降低了自由表面的更新机制,从而减少了传热能力;在相同的Hartmann数下,相比低雷诺数下的流动换热情况,高雷诺数下的湍流不能被完全抑制,自由表面与尾迹的相互作用也较强,因而自由表面换热也较强。     

Computation of the electric potential and the Lorentz force in a locally ionized magnetohydrodynamic flow in a nonuniform magnetic field for a transverse flow past a circular cylinder

An analytical solution to electrodynamic equations is obtained for the electric potential in a locally ionized magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flow for a transverse flow past a circular cylinder in the non-uniform magnetic field of a rectilinear conductor. Analytical formulas for computing the volume density of the Lorentz force acting on the flow in a locally ionized MHD flow are obtained for the case of the conducting and nonconducting surfaces of the cylinder. The influence of the Hall parameter and width of the MHD interaction region on the value of the Lorentz force is analyzed. It is demonstrated that the Lorentz force, which accelerates and not decelerates the flow, appears under certain conditions near the surface of the cylinder in the neighborhood of the critical point.     

Electromagnetic field perturbation by an internal void in a conducting cylinder excited by a wire loop

A thin prolate spheroidal void in an infinite conducting circular cylinder is used to model an internal flaw in a wire rope. The rope is excited by an electric ring current which is a model for a thin solenoid or multi-turn wire loop. The anomalous external fields are computed from the induced electric and magnetic dipole moments of the void. For this type of excitation, the induced axial magnetic dipole moment is the dominant contributor to the scattered field. The results have application to nondestructive testing of wire ropes.     

Calculation of dipole fields at interstices of rare-earth metals

An effective method for calculating the sum of dipole magnetic fields of lattice sites is developed using the threefold axial symmetry and performing summation over hexagonal planes. The values of fields in octahedral and tetrahedral interstices of an hcp lattice are determined for spiral structures of heavy RE metals and for samarium. It is shown that the absence of an experimentally observed jump in the dipole field at the point of ferro-antiferromagnetic transition in the disposition is due to the small angle of rotation of the spiral magnetic structure. The problem of interpretation of the Lorentz macroscopic field is discussed on the basis of calculation of microscopic fields in a homogeneous continuous medium.     

Local effect of electric and magnetic fields on the position of an attached shock in a supersonic diffuser

Effective ways for controlling shock wave configurations by means of external actions are sought. One such way is a local effect of electric and magnetic fields. In this paper, the local effect of external fields is implemented by current localization in a limited region of a diffuser. The experiment is carried out in a diffuser providing the complete internal compression of the gas with a Mach number at the inlet M=4.3. As a working medium, a xenon plasma is used. The plasma flow is formed in a shock tube equipped with an accelerating nozzle. Two ways of current localization are tested. In the first one, the diffuser inlet is a short channel of Faraday generator type. In this case, the ponderomotive force basically decelerates or accelerates the flow depending on the direction of the electric field. In the second way, the current flows through a narrow near-wall region between adjacent electrodes. In this case, the ponderomotive force compresses or expands the gas. In both cases, it is shown that the angle of an attached shock due to MHD interaction can be both decreased and increased. The central problem with the MHD control of shock waves is near-electrode and near-wall phenomena.     

A current density conservative scheme for incompressible MHD flows at a low magnetic Reynolds number. Part II: On an arbitrary collocated mesh

A conservative formulation of the Lorentz force is given here for magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flows at a low magnetic Reynolds number with the current density calculated based on Ohm’s law and the electrical potential formula. This conservative formula shows that the total momentum contributed from the Lorentz force is conservative when the applied magnetic field is constant. For the case with a non-constant applied magnetic field, the Lorentz force has been divided into two parts: a strong globally conservative part and a weak locally conservative part.The conservative formula has been employed to develop a conservative scheme for the calculation of the Lorentz force on an unstructured collocated mesh. Only the current density fluxes on the cell faces, which are calculated using a consistent scheme with good conservation, are needed for the calculation of the Lorentz force. Meanwhile, a conservative interpolation technique is designed to get the current density at the cell center from the current density fluxes on the cell faces. This conservative interpolation can keep the current density at the cell center conservative, which can be used to calculate the Lorentz force at the cell center with good accuracy. The Lorentz force calculated from the conservative current at the cell center is equivalent to the Lorentz force from the conservative formula when the applied magnetic field is constant, which can conserve the total momentum. We will further prove that the simple interpolation scheme used in the Part I [M.-J. Ni, R. Munipalli, N.B. Morley, P.Y. Huang, M. Abdou, A current density conservative scheme for MHD flows at a low magnetic Reynolds number. Part I. On a rectangular collocated grid system, Journal of Computational Physics, in press, doi:10.1016/j.jcp.2007.07.025] of this series of papers is conservative on a rectangular grid and can keep the total momentum conservative in a rectangular grid.     

感生电场与动生电场的等效性探究

本文认为在感生电场的情况下,磁场的强弱变化可以引起磁场自身的横向运动,使得线圈中电子相对于磁场发生运动,从而等效为一个动生电场,受到洛伦兹力的作用.借助磁感线模拟磁场的运动方式,得到圆形回路中任意一点与磁场相对运动速度的表达式,进而推得该＂等效动生电场＂中的洛伦兹力.以螺线管为例,验证该方法可以解释感生电场所满足的规律.将感生电场与动生电场的产生原因统一为导体中电子与磁场的相对运动,相应电动势的非静电力统一为洛伦兹力.