LaNiO3缓冲层对化学溶液法制备的Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-PbTiO3薄膜的结构与电学性能的影响

采用化学溶液法在Pt/TiO2/SiO2/Si衬底上制备了92;Pb(Mg1/3/Nb2/3)O3-8;PbTiO3(PMNT)薄膜,对于在衬底上引入缓冲层LaNiO3(LNO)和没有引入缓冲层LNO所制备的PMNT薄膜结构及电学性能进行了比较和研究.x射线衍射测试结果表明:直接在Pt/TiO2/SiO2/Si衬底上所制备的PMNT薄膜含有大量的烧绿石相,且薄膜呈现高度的(111)择优取向;而当在Pt/TiO2/SiO2/Si衬底上引入LNO缓冲层后,所制备的PMNT薄膜是纯钙钛矿相,且薄膜呈现(100)择优取向.通过铁电和介电性能测试表明:当在Pt/TiO2/SiO2/Si衬底上引入缓冲层LNO后,所制备的PMNT薄膜的剩余极化和介电常数也都得到了较大提高.     

MgTiO3掺杂对Ba0.56Sr0.34Ca0.1TiO3铁电陶瓷性能的影响

采用传统固相反应合成主晶相Ba0.56Sr0.34Ca0.1TiO3 (BSCT)粉末,复合掺杂MnCO3、Nb2O5、MgTiO3,在空气气氛下常压烧结制备BSCT基陶瓷.研究了MgTiO3的掺杂量对BSCT陶瓷材料的相组成、微观形貌、介电性能和储能密度的影响.结果表明:MgTiO3具有细化晶粒的作用;烧结体的致密度、介电常数和抗压强度随着MgTiO3的含量的增加先增大后减小;居里温度Tc随MgTiO3含量的增加向负温度方向移动,当烧结温度为1250℃,MgTiO3含量为0.69wt;,BSCT陶瓷的综合性能较好:击穿强度和储能密度达到最高值,分别为21.33 kV/mm、2.629 J/cm3.     

化学溶液分解法制备(Bi0.8Ce0.2)2Ti2O7薄膜及性能研究

采用化学溶液分解法(CSD)在p型Si<100>衬底上制备了(Bi0.8Ce0.2)2Ti2O7薄膜,采用X射线衍射技术研究了薄膜的结构和结晶性.研究表明:Ce3+部分取代Bi3+能够显著提高Bi2Ti2O7薄膜的相稳定性.同时还研究了薄膜的电容-电压特性、介电常数、介电损耗.结果表明,该薄膜具有良好的介电特性.     

Y3+掺杂BST/ZrO2复合薄膜的制备及介电性能研究

运用溶胶-凝胶法在Si/SiO2/Ti/Pt基底上制备了掺杂不同量的Y3+的单层Ba0.65Sr0.35TiO3 (BST)薄膜和并联结构的BST/ZrO2复合薄膜.研究发现:当BST溶胶中掺入了适量的Y3+后,制备的单层BST的表面形貌得到改善,介电性能提高;掺杂的Y3+为1mol;时单层BST薄膜介电性能最佳,介电常数为400.53;介电损耗为0.0125.BST/ZrO2复合薄膜的电容值相对于单层BST薄膜得到明显提高,当烧结温度为750℃时,BST/ZrO2复合薄膜综合介电性能最佳,介电常数790.12;介电损耗达到0.051.     

La_(1-x)Sr_xMnO_3电极的制备及其对Ba_(1-x)Sr_xTiO_3薄膜介电性能的影响

采用溶胶-凝胶法在Si(100)基底上制备了La_(1-x)Sr_xMnO_3电极材料.采用XRD、SEM对材料的晶体结构、表面形貌、薄膜厚度进行了表征,研究了退火温度对薄膜结构及电阻率的影响,以及介电常数与介电损耗随频率变化的关系.结果表明:在x=0.5,退火温度为800 ℃时,La_(0.5)Sr_(0.5)MnO_3薄膜的电阻率为1.2×10~(-2) Ω·cm.La_(0.5)Sr_(0.5)MnO_3薄膜与Ba_(1-x)Sr_xTiO_3匹配性较好,实现了BST薄膜的外延生长,其介电性能比在Pt上制备的Ba_(1-x)Sr_xTiO_3得到了明显的改善.     

射频磁控溅射法制备TiO2-xNx薄膜的结构性能研究

利用射频磁控溅射法室温下在Si(100)衬底上制备了N掺杂的TiO2薄膜,并且采用x射线衍射(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)和透射光谱对薄膜进行了表征.XRD结果表明在纯Ar和N2(33.3;)/Ar气氛下制备的TiO2-xNx薄膜均为单一的金红石相,薄膜结晶性良好,呈高度(211)择优取向,而在N2(50.0;)/Ar下制备的薄膜结晶性明显变差;对于N掺杂的TiO2薄膜,XPS表明部分N原子进入TiO2晶格,并且以N-Ti-O、N-O键以及间隙式N原子形式存在;透射光谱表明掺N后的TiO2薄膜吸收边发生了红移.     

c轴倾斜CuCr1-xMgxO2(x=0,0.02)薄膜的外延生长

采用脉冲激光沉积技术在0°,5°,10°c轴倾斜α-Al2 O3 (0001)衬底上制备出c轴生长CuCr1-xMgx O2(x=0,0.02)薄膜.用x射线衍射Φ扫描分析薄膜与衬底(000l)晶面的结晶取向关系为＜1100＞ CuCrO2∥＜1120＞α-Al2O3,并进一步通过θ扫描、2θ扫描表征5°和10°c轴倾斜衬底上CuCrO2薄膜与衬底(0006)晶面之间的倾斜角度差值由0.43°增加到1.76°,得到薄膜c轴外延性随衬底倾斜角变大而变差.AFM观察生长在α-A12 O3 (0001)衬J芪上的CuCr1-xMgxO2薄膜为层状形貌,且倾斜衬底上薄膜晶粒尺寸减小,晶界增加.p-T测量曲线表明:相比平直衬底,10°倾斜衬底上CuCrO2薄膜的电阻率略有升高,这是由于倾斜衬底上薄膜结晶质量较差及晶界对载流子散射增强所致,与XRD和AFM结果相一致.     

(001)高度择优取向Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3/Pt异质结的结构及性能

采用射频磁控溅射法结合高真空后退火处理,在MgO(001)单晶基片上制备了Pt薄膜.应用脉冲激光沉积法在Pt/MgO上进一步生长了Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3(BST)薄膜.借助X射线衍射仪(XRD)、铁电测试仪、LCR表研究了BST/Pt/MgO的结构和性能.研究发现,700 ℃真空退火可以保证Pt薄膜在MgO基片上实现(001)高度择优生长,以(001)Pt薄膜为模板,可以进一步获得(001)高度择优取向具有铁电性能BST薄膜.在100 Hz测试频率下,BST薄膜最大介电常数为1100、调谐率为81;、品质因数为21;在7 V的电压下,漏电流密度1.85×10-5 A/cm2,进一步分析表明,BST薄膜在0～2.6 V之间满足欧姆导电机制,在2.6～7 V之间满足普尔-弗兰克导电机制.     

Nd掺杂对磁控溅射Bi4-xNdxTi3O12铁电薄膜结构和性能的影响

采用磁控溅射工艺在p-Si衬底上制备了Bi4-xNdxTi3O12铁电薄膜,研究了Nd掺杂对Bi4-xNdxTi3O12薄膜微观结构、介电和铁电性能的影响.结果表明,Nd掺杂并未改变薄膜的晶格对称性,仍然保持Bi层状钙钛矿结构,但能在一定程度上抑制晶粒的生长,使薄膜的晶粒更加细小、均匀,同时能明显改善薄膜的介电、铁电性能.Nd掺杂量x=0.30 ～0.40时,Bi4-xNdxTi3O12薄膜的综合性能较好,其介电常数εr＞250,介电损耗tanδ ＜0.1,剩余极化Pr=20.6 μC/cm2,Ec＜ 150 kV/cm.Ag/Bi4-xNdxTi3O12/p-Si异质结顺时针回滞的C-V曲线表明该异质结可实现极化存储,其记忆窗口达1.6V.但掺杂量不宜过多,当Nd掺杂量达到0.45以后,薄膜的介电、铁电性能反而有所下降.     

Bi1.65Zn1.0Nb1.5O7.225陶瓷和薄膜的结构和介电性能对比

以立方焦绿石Bi1.5Zn1.0Nb1.5O7(BZN)为配方基础,通过掺入过量10％的Bi2O3,形成Bi1.65Zn1.0Nb1.5O7.225非化学计量比分子式.采用固相反应法合成具有焦绿石立方结构的Bi1.65Zn1.0Nb1.5O7.225陶瓷,并采用脉冲激光沉积法在Pt/SiO2/Si(100)基片上制备其薄膜.对比研究了非化学计量比Bi1.5Zn1.0Nb1.5O7.225陶瓷和薄膜的结晶性能,微观形貌以及介电性能的差异.结果表明烧结的Bi1.65Zn1.0Nb1.5O7.225陶瓷和沉积的BZN薄膜都保持立方焦绿石单相结构,但是薄膜展现出较强的(222)晶面择优取向.陶瓷和薄膜的晶格常数,微观形貌都体现出差异.对比二者的介电特性后发现,Bi1.65Zn1.0Nb1.5O7.225薄膜的介电常数明显高于陶瓷的介电常数,这归因于薄膜和块体材料之间的差异,例如厚度,致密度,择优取向等.     

Synthesis and Structure Determination of 1, 4, 7, 11, 14, 17, 21, 24, 27-Nonaoxatriacontan-8, 10, 18, 20, 28, 30-Esaone

The title compound crystallizes in the trigonal space group R-3, with unit-cell parameters: a = 23.261(4), c = 9.537(2) Å; λ(MoKα) = 0.71073 Å, V = 4469(2) Å³, and Z = 6. The structure has been solved by direct methods using X-ray diffraction techniques. The final reliability index for the computed structure is 0.0826 for 929 observed reflections and 121 refined parameters. Crown ether adopts an almost circular shape and macrocycles are piled up in a columnar arrangement forming tubular nanochannels. The channels are filled with guest CDCl₃ molecules, characterised by rotational disorder.     

Apparent entropy,residual entropy,causality, metastability,constraints, and the glass transition

A thermodynamic framework for the investigation of ‘residual entropy’ and related phenomena is developed, expanding and clarifying the work of Kivelson and Reiss and the important work of several other investigators. The main difficulties encountered in the development of such a framework are the need to deal with constrained equilibrium as well as to include irreversible processes in the overall study. These challenges are met by using the device of auxiliary constraints and the equivalent equilibrated states that they produce. The importance of a thermodynamic framework is tied to the fact that evolving molecular theories of residual entropy, which also impact the glass transition, no matter how sophisticated, invariably contain approximations whose effects are hard to assess. Thus a thermodynamic framework provides a vehicle within which the internal consistency of a theory can be tested. Phenomena that are treated in such a framework, along with others, are those mentioned in the title of this paper. The concept of residual entropy, its reality or unreality, is often considered to be an unimportant issue. The findings of this paper, besides emphasizing the unreality of residual entropy, show that the question of its existence is a significant one. Among other things, the fundamental principle of causality is involved and we should not be so cavalier as to dispense with it. Among other rigorous analysis we present an argument involving an ideal binary solution whose behavior as the limiting behavior of a real solution provides access, in principle, to experiment. The argument does make the generally accepted assumption that, at equilibrium at 0 K, pure crystals of the binary system’s components have zero entropy. It strongly suggests that residual entropy, in general, is an impression that stems from the inclusion of an irreversible step in an experimental thermodynamic cycle.     

Intermetallic Compounds KnMm (М = Ag,Au, As,Sb, Bi,Ge, Sn,Pb): Geometrical and Topological Analysis,Cluster Precursors,and Self-Assembly of Crystal Structures

Crystallography Reports - A geometrical and topological analysis and simulation of the self-assembly of the crystal structures of intermetallic compounds formed in the K–M (M = Ag, Au, As,...     

Intermetallic Compounds CsnMk (М = Na,K, Rb,Pt, Au,Hg, Te): Geometrical and Topological Analysis,Cluster Precursors,and Self-Assembly of Crystal Structures

Crystallography Reports - A geometrical and topological analysis has been performed, and self-assembly of the crystal structures of intermetallic compounds CsnMk (М = Na, K, Rb, Pt, Au, Hg,...     

D-β,β-dimethylcysteic acid,its preparation,structure, and spectroscopic properties

The X-ray crystal structure ofd-,-dimethylcysteic acid, C₅H₁₁NO₅S, has been determined. The compound is monoclinic, space groupP2₁₄ (No. 4), with cell dimensionsa=8.133(1),b=8.094(1),c=6.3138(7) Å,=96.36(1)° andZ=2. The structure was solved by Patterson and electron density difference methods and refined toR=0.025,R _w=0.022 for 1081 reflections. Bond lengths and angles do not differ from those in similar structures. The crystal is held together by intermolecular hydrogen bonds. The vibrational spectra have been recorded and assigned and the¹ H and¹³C NMR spectra were measured.     

Glass foams: formation, transport properties, and heat, mass, and radiation transfer

Energy efficiency, environmental impact, and quality of the final product in glass manufacturing depend, to a large extent, on foams formed on the surface of the molten glass and of the batch due to entrapment of gas bubbles generated by the batch fusion and refining chemical reactions during the melting process. Hence, understanding the mechanisms of foam formation as well as development of theoretical models for thermophysical and transport properties and heat, mass, and radiation transfer in glass foams are not only a problem of significant fundamental interest but also of tremendous practical impact. In this paper, the review of the current state-of-the-art in our understanding of glass foams is provided, including some of our recent results in modeling the dynamics of the foam growth and its steady-state thickness, prediction of gas diffusion through glass foams, and thermal radiative properties of glass foams. In addition, the new results on simulation of combined conduction and radiation heat transfer in glass foams and radiative transfer in primary (batch) foams are presented and discussed in some detail. The paper also presents practical means available for reducing foaming in glass melting and concludes with the discussion of unresolved problems and summary of the directions for the future work in the area.