Determination of trace elements of some Egyptian crops by instrumental neutron activation,inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometric and flameless atomic absorption spectrophotometric analysis

Instrumental neutron activation analysis was used for the determination of Al, Br, Ca, Ce, Cl, Co, Cr, Cs, Eu, Fe, K, La, Mg, Mn, Na, Rb, Sb, Sc, Se, Ti, Th, V and Zn, ICP-AES for the determination Al, Ag, Ba, Be, Ca, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ga, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, P, Sc, Sr, Ti, V and Zn and flameless AAS for the determination of Cd, Hg and Pb in egg plant, potatoes, green pepper (Leguminosae), vegetable marrow (Cucurbitaceae), pears, apple (Rosaceae), castor oil plant (Euphorbiaceae), lettuce (compositae), dill, parsley, coriander (Umbelliferae), and in some soil samples collected from Aswan province.     

57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy of banded iron formations from eastern India

Samples of the mosses Hylocomium splendens and Pleurozium schreberi, collected in the summer of 1998, were used to study the atmospheric deposition of heavy metals and other toxic elements in the Chelyabinsk Region situated in the South Urals, one of the most heavily polluted industrial areas of the Russian Federation. Samples of natural soils were collected simultaneously with moss at the same 30 sites in order to investigate surface accumulation of heavy metals and to examine the correlation of elements in moss and soil samples in order to separate contributions from atmospheric deposition and from soil minerals. A total of 38 elements (Na, Mg, Al, K, Ca, Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Zn, As, Se, Rb, Sr, Zr, Mo, Sb, Cs, Ba, La, Ce, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Yb, Hf, Ta, W, Au, Th, U) in soil and 33 elements Na, Mg, Al, Cl, K, Ca, Sc, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Zn, As, Se, Br, Rb, Ag, Sb, Cs, Ba, La, Ce, Sm, Tb, Yb, Hf, Ta, W, Au, Th, U) were determined by epithermal neutron activation analysis. The elements Cu, Cd and Pb (in moss samples only) were obtained by atomic absorption spectrometry. VARIMAX rotated principal component analysis was used to identify and characterize different pollution sources and to point out the most polluted areas.     

Investigations on the development of a scheme of silicate analysis based principally on spectrographic and ion exchange techniques

An attempt is made to integrate into an analytical “scheme” a series of investigations on the complete analysis of the naturally occurring silicates. Emphasis is placed on simplicity, high sensitivity (if necessary), wide element coverage, speed and satisfactory accuracy, The analytical operations involve ion exchange, solvent extraction and spectrochemical techniques. Observations are made on the following elements: Ag, Al, Au, Ba, Bi, Ca, Cd, Ce, Cs, Cu, Fe, Ga, In, K, La, Li, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Nd, Ni, Pb, Pd plus other elements of the platinum group, Rh, Sc, Si, Sn, Si, Ti, Tl, V, Y, Zn and Zr.     

Grundlagen zur halbquantitativen Bestimmung von zwanzig Elementen in der Lasermikrospektralanalyse

Zusammenfassung Für die folgenden 20 Elemente wurden die Grundlagen für eine halbquantitative Konzentrationsbestimmung mit Hilfe des Laser-Mikrospektralanalysators ermittelt, und zwar differenziert für Untersuchungen an oxidischen und an metallischen Materialien: Mg, Al, Si, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Ge, Pd, Ag, Cd, In, Sn, Sb, Pb, Bi, Fe bzw. Au.

---

Principles of semi-quantitative determination of 20 elements by laser-microspectroscopy

The principles for the determination of the following 20 elements by Laser-microspectroscopy have been investigated separately for oxidic and metallic materials: Mg, Al, Si, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Ge, Pd, Ag, Cd, In, Sn, Sb, Pb, Bi, Fe resp. Au.

     

The analysis of copper refinery slimes

Methods are reviewed for the determination of the following constituents of copper refinery slimes: aluminium, antimony, arsenic, barium, bismuth, calcium, cobalt, copper, gold, iron, lead, magnesium, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, platinum metals, selenium, silicon, silver, sulphur, tellurium, tin and zinc.     

Summary of preparation and homogeneity characterization of ten agricultural food reference materials for elemental composition

Summary Preparation and development has been completed of ten agricultural/food reference materials (RMs): bovine muscle powder, corn starch, hard red spring wheat flour, soft winter wheat flour, whole milk powder, wheat gluten, corn bran, durum wheat flour, whole egg powder and microcrystalline cellulose. Homogeneity tests for 14 elements, Al, Ca, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, Pb, Sr and Zn were performed by the initiating laboratories by application of precise and reliable analytical methods based on flame atomic absorption spectrometry and graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. An extensive set of analytical results obtained from the interlaboratory cooperative characterization campaign was assessed to provide homogeneity estimates for other elements. Estimates of homogeneity from within-laboratory precision indicated that all materials exhibited acceptable homogeneity for virtually all 29 elements (Al, As, B, Ba, Br, Ca, Cd, Cl, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, I, K, Mg, Mn, Mo, N, Na, Ni, P, Pb, Rb, S, Se, Sr, V, Zn) for which best estimate concentration values are available. Two thirds of all homogeneity coefficients of variation were below 5%.     

Preparation and homogeneity characterization of ten agricultural/food reference materials for elemental composition

Summary Ten agricultural/food reference materials (RM): bovine muscle powder, corn starch, hard red spring wheat flour, soft winter wheat flour, whole milk powder, wheat gluten, corn bran, Durum wheat flour, whole egg powder and microcystalline cellulose, were prepared by milling, irradiation, sieving, blending and packaging procedures. Homogeneity tests for 14 elements in randomly selected units were performed by the initiating laboratories by application of various analytical methods. Al, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Sr and Zn were determined by acid digestion flame atomic absorption spectrometry, and Cd, Co, Ni and Pb using acid digestion graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry after separation/preconcentration of the analytes by co-precipitation. In addition, the extensive set of analytical results obtained from the interlaboratory cooperative characterization campaign was assessed to provide homogeneity estimates for other elements. Measures of homogeneity were estimated from the within-laboratory precision from the more precise laboratories. All materials exhibited acceptable homogeneity for virtually all 29 elements (Al, As, B, Ba, Br, Ca, Cd, Cl, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, I, K, Mg, Mn, Mo, N, Na, Ni, P, Pb, Rb, S, Se, Sr, V, Zn) for which best estimate concentration values were available, an essential pre-requisite in establishing reference values for these materials. Sixty-two percent of all homogeneity coefficients of variation (CV) were below 5%, with Br, Ca, Cl, Mg, Na, P, Zn and especially K and N exhibiting very high homogeneity CV less than 1% in some cases.Contribution no. 92–148 from Centre for Land and Biological Resources Research     

Chemical characterization of gas- and oil-bearing shales by instrumental neutron activation analysis

The concentration of As, Ba, Ca, Co, Cr, Cs, Dy, Eu, Fe, Ga, Hf, K, La, Lu, Mn, Mo, Na, Ni, Rb, Sb, Sc, Se, Sm, Sr, Ta, Tb, Th, U, Yb, and Zn were determined by instrumental neutron activation analysis in block shale samples of the New Albany Group (Devonian-Mississippian) in the in the Illinois Basin. Uranium content of the samples was as high as 75 ppm and interfered in the determination of samarium, molybdenum, barium and cerium. In the determination of selenium a correction was made for interference from tantalum. U, As, Co, Mo, Ni and Sb as well as Cu, V and pyritic sulphur which were determined by other methods, were found to correlate positively with the organic carbon content of the samples.     

Trace elements in brown coal and its products of combustion

Concentrations of 38 elements in brown coal, bottom ash and size fractionated ESP coal ash from the Belchatów I Power Plant were determined by INAA. Based on enrichment factors calculated relatively to iron and average crustal rock composition as a function of particle size the elements are grouped into three classes: Group I, elements that show little or no enrichment in the small particles /Na, Mg, Al, K, Sc, Ti, Mn, Co, Rb, Cs, Ba, La, Ce, Sm, Eu, Lu, and Th/; Group II, elements whose enrichment increases greatly with decreasing particle size /Cl, Zn, As, Se, Br, Cd, Sb, and I/; and Group III, elements whose behaviour is intermediate to that of elements in Group I and II /Ca, V, Cr, Ni, Cu, Ga, Sr, Mo, In, W, and Au/.     

Assessment of atmospheric deposition of metals in Ha Noi using the moss bio-monitoring technique and proton induced X-ray emission

Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry - The concentration of 22 metal elements including Mg, Al, Si, P, S, Cl, K, Ca, Ti, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Br, Rb, Sr, Zr, Ba and Pb in Barbula...     

Determination of impurities in natural diamonds using neutron activation and high-resolution gamma-spectrometry

Thirty-five natural diamonds from six widely differing localities, weighing from 3.6 mg to 305.3 mg were subjected to instrumental neutron activation analysis using high-resolution semiconductor gamma-spectrometry. By means of short-term and long-term activation in a nuclear reactor, Na, Sc, Cr, Mn, Co, La, Ce, Sm, Eu, Hf, Au, Hg, and Th were determined in all the samples, K, Sr, Ag, Cs, Ba, Yb, Lu and W in some, and qualitative determination was carried out with Ca, Fe, Ni, Ga, As, Zr, Sb, Tb, Dy, Ta, It and U. The study serves as a basis for the study of the relationship between the colour, morphology and luminescence of diamonds and their impurity contents.     

Study of hair element content from an urban Bulgarian population using NAA assessment of environmental status

In this preliminary study, scalp hair samples from 36 individuals resident in Sofia, Bulgaria, were analysed and Ag, Al, As, Au, Ba, Br, Ca, Cd, Ce, Cl, Co, Cr, Cs, Cu, F, Fe, Hg, I, K, La, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Ni, Rb, S, Sb, Sc, Se, Sn, Sr, Ti, V, W, and Zn were determined. Instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) methods were used. Three washing procedures.: distilled-deionised water; acidacetone-water; and Triton X-100 detergent-water, showed a variable elemental change strongly dependent on the procedure used. More than 18 elements (Al, As, Ba, Ca, Ce, Cl, Co, Cs, F, Fe, I, K, La, Mo, Na, Ni, Sb, Sc, Sr and V) were easily removed by water-washing. Triton X-100 detergent was more effective in removing Ag, As, Au, Cl, Cs, K, Na and Rb; but not Hg. Only S and Zn were strongly incorporated in the hair structure (less than 10% being removable by any washing technique). There is no significant age correlation with any element between the various hair treatment groups. Elevated cadmium levels were found in the hair of smokers (0.711–4.913 g/g Cd) compared with nonsmokers (0.568–2.681 g/g Cd). Comparison of the elemental data for distilled water-washed hair and studies from Oxford, England and Hastings, and Hastings, New Zealand (using the same INAA method) revealed interesting variations dependent on local industrial and nutritional factors.     

Determination of trace elements in Egyptian cane sugar by neutron activation analysis

Major, minor, trace and ultratrace concentrations of Ag, Al, As, Au, Ba, Be, Br, Ca, Cd, Ce, Cl, Co, Cr, Cs, Cu, Dy, Eu, Fe, Ga, Hf, K, La, Li, Lu, Mg, Mn, Na, Nb, Ni, P, Pb, Sb, Sc, Se, Sm, Sn, Sr, Ta, Th, Ti, U, V, W and Zn in crude juice, principal juice, sirup juice (produced during the successive stages of sugar industry), sugar cane plant, molasses, deposits (produced as a result of the addition of Ca(OH)₂ and superphosphate and passage of SO₂ through juice), A-and B-sugar and soil samples have been determined by destructive and nondestructive instrumental neutron activation (INAA), atomic absorption spectrophotometric (AAS) and inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometric (ICP-AES) analyses. The results obtained by the methods applied are in excellent agreement. Concentrations of the elements are different. Variations in element concentrations in cance plants and in crude juice may be attributed to composition changes or different botanical structures; in mixed juice, sirup, molasse and deposits they may be due to chemical treatments or corrosion effects on containers, whereas in soil samples to geochemical and biogeochemical fractionation as a result of adsorption and uptake of trace elements by plants from surrounding soil solutions.     

Determination of elemental levels in medicinally important Indian leaves by instrumental neutron activation analysis

Levels of As, Ba, Br, Ca, Ce, Cl, Cr, Cs, Eu, Fe, Hg, I, K, La, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, Rb, Sb, Sc, Sm, Sr, Th, Zn, and U have been determined in ten leaves widely used in ayurvedic medicine by instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA). The neutron irradiations were performed with a 100 kW Triga nuclear reactor and the induced activity was counted with a gamma-ray spectrometer. Based on elemental levels obtained the utility of these leaves in medicine are discussed.     

Chelate von β-dicarbonylverbindungen und ihren derivaten: Teil XXXIV. Die verwendung von thiodibenzoylmethan zur extraktionsphotometrischen bestimmung von thallium- und quecksilberspuren

Thiodibenzoylmethane is a very suitable ligand for the extraction and spectrophotornetric determination of traces of mercury (0.05–0.5 μmol) and thallium (0.1–1.0 μmol). Both methods are rapid and can be made highly selective by means of masking reagents. The influence of numerous other metals, e.g. Ga, In, Pb, Sn, As, Sb, Bi, Cd, Zn, Pd, Ag, Cu, Ni, Co, Fe, Mn, Cr, alkali and alkaline earth metals, and also of anions as fluoride, chloride, bromide, iodide, thiocyanate, sulphide, sulphate, nitrate, EDTA and thioglycolic acid was examined.     

Multielement analysis of green coffee and its possible use for the determination of origin

Using instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA), graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS), flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS) and combustion elemental analysis, green coffees of the Arabica species produced in crop year 1987/88 in Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, El Salvador, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panamá and Papua New Guinea were analysed for the elements Ba, Br, C, Ca, Co, Cr, Cu, Cs, Fe, H, K, La, Mg, Mn, N, Na, Rb, Sc, Sr and Zn. In accordance with the concentrations determined, the elements could be ranked into five groups: Sc (sub-ppb level); Br, Co, Cr, Cs and La (ppb level); Ba, Cu, Fe, Mn, Na, Rb, Sr and Zn (ppm level); Ca and Mg (%o level); and C, H, K and N (% level). On the basis of the results obtained, an attempt was made to establish the origin of the green coffee via its elemental composition. Among the investigated elements, manganese was found to be best suited as an indicator for this purpose. However, the elements C, Co, Cs, Na and Rb proved to be of interest too.     

Analysis of marine biological certified reference material by various non-destructive neutron activation methods

By the use of non-destructive neutron activation analysis (NAA) twenty-four trace (Ag, As, Br, Cd, Ce, Cr, Co, Cu, Eu, Fe, Hf, I, La, Mn, Ni, Rb, Sb, Sc, Se, Sm, Sr, U, V and Zn) and six minor (Ca, Cl, Mg, K, Na and S) elements were determined in a certified marine tissue standard reference material. Four non-destructive methods including thermal, epi-thermal, prompt-gamma ray and delayed neutron counting activation analyses were performed. Results when compared to the certified values showed the reliability of employing these methods in such standards program.     

菊花微量及宏量元素分析

用ＩＣＰ－ＡＥＳ法测定了药用野菊花和抗白菊及６种人工栽培菊花中Ａｓ，Ｂ、Ｂａ、Ｃａ、Ｃｄ、Ｃｏ、Ｃｕ、Ｆｅ、Ｍｇ、Ｍｎ、Ｍｏ、Ｎｉ、Ｐｂ、Ｓｅ、Ｓｉ、Ｖ、Ｚｎ、Ｐ、Ｓ、Ｋ等元素的含量。结果表明：（１）菊花中Ｃａ、Ｍｇ、Ｐ、Ｓ、Ｋ含量很高，Ｂ、Ｆｅ、Ｍｎ、Ｚｎ也有较高的含量；（２）野菊花中Ｂ、Ｃａ、Ｆｅ、Ｍｇ含量较其他品种高、，抗白菊中Ｍｎ、Ｓｅ、Ｓ含量高地其他品种；（３）代栽培的菊花Ｋ、Ｐ含量高于     

中药微量元素数据（20）

＂中药微量元素数据＂分为植物药、动物药、生物甲壳药、矿物药和中成药刊出,其中又细分为解表药、泻下药、清热药、利水渗湿药、祛风湿药、温里祛寒药、芳香化湿药、理气药、理血药、补养药、固涩药、化痰止咳药、消导药、熄风镇痛药、养心安神药、芳香开窍药、外用药、驱虫药、各类中药煎煮液。检测的中药747种,共6 780味。每种药包括药名、学名、科属、部位、产地、元素含量、分析方法和文献来源等8个内容。以表格形式表示。每味药物最多测定38种元素,最少测定4种元素,平均测定17种元素,共展示出的元素数据约12万个。每一个数据含义非常深刻,如序号为113的黄芩,共测定河北、山西、辽宁、黑龙江、山东、云南、四川、河南、吉林、陕西、甘肃、内蒙古、江苏等50个不同产地黄芩中的20种元素。又如序号为114的猕猴桃,共测定其中花、果、叶、枝、茎、根、皮、汁等8个不同部位中的23种元素。从元素的角度去研究中药不同产地、不同部位的药用功效,很有科研价值和实用意义。还可以用模式识别法去研究微量元素与中药的解表、清热、理气、理血等药性的关系,指导合理用药和配伍,深入研究中药与元素数据的关系,可以发现其中许多意想不到的科学规律。＂数据＂所参考的1 036条文献,全是公开发表的论文和专著,是中国科研人员使用34种先进的分析测试方法所得的分析测试数据,是研究课题的＂数据＂,有高度的可靠性。对中药进行＂解剖＂测试,不但测定其＂全身＂中的元素,还测定其不同＂器官＂中的元素含量,如人参,既测定全参,又测定人参子、人参叶、人参皮、人参花、人参芦、人参茎、人参果、人参须等8个不同部位的元素含量,用元素功能指导临床用药很有帮助,甚至有些可用替代药,而且用中药治疗的阴虚、阳虚、气?     

A systematic neutron activation analysis of peat from Burundi

Mean concentrations of Al, As, Au, Ba, Br, Ca, Ce, Cl, Co, Cr, Cs, Cu, Eu, Fe, Ga, Hf, Ho, I, K, La, Lu, Mg, Mn, Na, Pr, Rb, Sb, Sc, Sm, Sr, Ta, Tb, Ti, Th, V, W, Yb, and Zr, determined in 6 samples of peat from Burundi, were equal to 3911, 1.7, 0.025, 33, 21, 472, 14, 55, 4.2, 16, 0.43, 14, 0.27, 14675, 1. 2, 1.5, 0.09, 2.9, 203, 5.6, 0.29, 745, 20, 70, 1.5, 13, 2.1, 6.5, 0.8, 6, 0.4, 0.2, 2.9, 392, 15.7, 0.43, 0.09 and 101 ppm resp. The peat in Burundi contain approximately the same concentrations of elements as the peat in other countries. It is enriched in Br and depleted in Ca, K, Mn, Na, Sr and Yb.