Kinetic distribution of Cu,Se, and Zn in mice during ascites tumor-bearing period

The kinetic distribution of⁶⁴Cu,⁷⁵Se, and^69mZn radioactive tracers were determined in tissues of mice bearing ascites tumors and healthy ones. The HPGe gamma-ray spectrometric detection system was used for radionuclide analysis in tissues which were sampled at various periods after tracer injection during ascitic tumor growth. Significantly different distribution of⁶⁴Cu,⁷⁵Se, and^69mZn were found in colon, small intestine, and liver of tumor-bearing mice. There was a dcerease of⁷⁵Se in ascites and blood of tumor-bearing mice. The⁶⁴Cu and^69mZn concentration varied significantly in kidneys, and a similar effect was observed in the spleen for⁶⁴Cu, too. A distinct variation of tracer distribution is also found at different stages after treatment. The results are discussed within the context of a correlation between elemental concentration and tumor-growth.     

Elemental analysis of Korean women’s blood serums using instrumental neutron activation analysis

Instrumental neutron activation analysis was used to assess the concentration of the inorganic trace elements in Korean women’s blood serums. It was found that a high concentration of Na and Cl incurs an analytical interference, but the 12 elements such as Br, Ca, Cl, Co, Cr, Cs, Fe, K, Na, Rb, Se and Zn could be determined under the condition of an interference minimization. Serum samples collected from 63 women were analyzed and the concentration level and range of the elements were evaluated. NIST SRMs were analyzed simultaneously for quality control. The average values of the Na and Cl determined in the serum samples were 3,365 and 3,533 mg/l, Ca was 96.4 mg/l and K was 191 mg/l. Besides, Br, Se and Zn have a concentration level of 6.46, 0.13 and 0.98 mg/l, respectively. It was found that there is no significant difference between the present values and the reported values.     

Liposomes prepared from synthetic amphiphiles. II. Their interaction with Ehrlich ascites tumor cells and tissue distribution in Ehrlich solid tumor-bearing mice

The interaction of 99mTc-labeled liposomes prepared from synthetic amphiphiles containing amino acid residues with Ehrlich ascites tumor cells in vitro and their tissue distributions in Ehrlich solid tumor-bearing mice were investigated. The amphiphiles used were N,N-didodecyl-N alpha-[6-(trimethylammonio)hexanoyl]-L-alaninamide bromide N+C5Ala2C12), N,N-didodecyl-N alpha-(6-[dimethyl(2-carboxyethyl)ammonio]hexanoyl)-L- alaninamide bromide (CAC2N+C5Ala2C12) and S-[1-carboxy-2- ([2,3-bis(hexadecyloxy)propoxy]carbonyl)ethyl]homocysteine (HcyM-G2C1 6). Most of the radioactivity of N+C5Ala2C12 and CAC2N+C5Ala2C12 liposomes was firmly bound to Ehrlich ascites tumor cells in vitro. On the other hand, the accumulation of three 99mTc-labeled liposomes in the tumor of Ehrlich solid tumor-bearing mice was low (about 1% dose per gram of tissue), and most of the liposomes were taken up highly in the liver and spleen of the tumor-bearing mice. However, the radioactivity of the liposomes in the tumor, especially that of N+C5Ala2C12 and CAC2N+C5Ala2C12 liposomes, decreased more slowly with time than in the liver in up to 24 h after injection, suggesting that these liposomes were hard to separate from the tumor cells.     

Elemental analysis in cultured cells, tobacco and grape, treated with aluminum

We discussed the relationship between Al toxicity and the Al, Fe andB amount of element in tobacco and grape cells. Al and Fe were analyzed byneutron activation analysis and B was analyzed by prompt gamma-ray analysis.Callose content was also measured as an indicator of cell damage induced Altoxicity. When tobacco cells were incubated in 1 mM and 300 µM Al solution,the pattern of callose formation was much similar to that of Fe accumulationthan that of Al accumulation in tobacco cells, suggesting that the increaseof Fe content induced toxic effect along with Al incorporated into the cells.However, this tendency was not observed in grape cells. Boron content didnot show any relation to those of Al or Fe throughout the Al treatment inboth tobacco and grape cells.     

Elemental analysis of PM2.5 using PIXE and NAA in Xinzhen,Beijing

Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry - Samples collected from February 2017 to January 2018 were analyzed by Particle Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE) and Black Carbon meter, and 17...     

Elemental blood composition of the inhabitants of Uzbekistan

An instrumental neutron activation method for determining 17 elements in human whole blood of the inhabitants of Uzbekistan has been developed. 2790 blood samples were analyzed. Statistical processing of the results obtained has been done by computer. Mean concentration values have been calculated and plotted for the whole region. Correlation between the element contents and various parameters (sex, age, residence, ethnic group, working conditions, haemoglobin content, Rh, sampling time) has been found. This should be taken into account when studying various pathologies and the environmental impact on human health.     

Elemental analysis of alloys by XRF

XRF was used for routine analysis of different kinds of alloys, such as archeological findings, materials used in dentistry, and Al alloyed with Ga used in industry. The results of these analyses are described in this paper.     

Elemental concentration of manganese and potassium in brain and other organs of fetal, sucking and developmental mice

Instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) was applied to the determination of manganese and potassium in the fetal and suckling organ samples (parietal bone, brain, cardiac muscle, lung, thymus, liver, pancreas, spleen, kidney) and of Mn, K, Na and Cl in the developmental organ (parietal bone, brain, spinal cord, liver) and blood samples from neonatal 2- to 43-days old mice. Significant variations of the elemental concentration patterns were assessed in terms of their tissue specificity and developmental changes due to birth and growth. By comparison of fetal with suckling mice, the concentration variations showed similar patterns among most organs. In the developmental and growing process, however, significant changes of the concentration of Mn and K were observed. Mn concentrations increased with growth in brain and liver, but were constant in spinal cord and parietal bone. K concentrations showed a slight decrease in soft tissues with growth. Similar way, the variation of Na concentration was also close to that of Cl.     

New azomycin acyclonucleoside. Synthesis and biodistribution of radiohalogenated analogues in tumor-bearing mice

The design, synthesis and biological activities of several acyclonucleoside analogues related to misoni-dazole are described. The hydroxy- 5 , bromo- 6 , iodo- 7 , and fluoro- 8 derivatives of ethoxymethylazomycin and iodopropenyloxymethylazomycin ( 12 ) have been prepared. Alkylation of silylated azomycin with haloethoxy-methylene chloride gave the corresponding acyclonucleosides. Similarly, propargyloxymethylene chloride gave propargyloxymethylazomycin ( 10 ), which after hydrostannylation and subsequent iododestannylation yielded iodopropenyloxymethylazomycin ( 12 ). The radiolabeled [¹²⁵I] or [¹⁸F] compounds were prepared from the corresponding substrates. Biodistribution results of the radiolabeled analogues in mice showed that compound 7 had good tumor uptake (2.0% injected dose/g at 1 hour). The high radioactive levels in blood and stomach, however, were perhaps due to in vivo deiodination or metabolism. Compound [¹²⁵I]- 12 showed the highest tumor uptake (4.8 and 3.6% injected dose/g at 1 and 4 hours respectively) of all of the compounds tested. Relatively low thyroid uptake of radioactivity in mice dosed with compound [¹²⁵I]- 12 indicates significantly reduced in vivo deiodination in comparison to compound [¹²⁵I]- 7.     

Elemental misinterpretation in automated analysis of LIBS spectra

In this work, the Stark effect is shown to be mainly responsible for wrong elemental allocation by automated laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) software solutions. Due to broadening and shift of an elemental emission line affected by the Stark effect, its measured spectral position might interfere with the line position of several other elements. The micro-plasma is generated by focusing a frequency-doubled 200 mJ pulsed Nd/YAG laser on an aluminum target and furthermore on a brass sample in air at atmospheric pressure. After laser pulse excitation, we have measured the temporal evolution of the Al(II) ion line at 281.6 nm (4s ¹ S-3p ¹ P) during the decay of the laser-induced plasma. Depending on laser pulse power, the center of the measured line is red-shifted by 130 pm (490 GHz) with respect to the exact line position. In this case, the well-known spectral line positions of two moderate and strong lines of other elements coincide with the actual shifted position of the Al(II) line. Consequently, a time-resolving software analysis can lead to an elemental misinterpretation. To avoid a wrong interpretation of LIBS spectra in automated analysis software for a given LIBS system, we recommend using larger gate delays incorporating Stark broadening parameters and using a range of tolerance, which is non-symmetric around the measured line center. These suggestions may help to improve time-resolving LIBS software promising a smaller probability of wrong elemental identification and making LIBS more attractive for industrial applications.     

Elemental analysis of hair using PIXE-tomography and INAA

3D quantitative elemental maps of a section of a strand of hair were produced using a combination of PIXE-Tomography and simultaneous On/Off Axis STIM-Tomography at the University of Surrey Ion Beam Centre. The distributions of S, K, Cl, Ca, Fe and Zn were determined using the PIXE-T reconstruction package DISRA. The results were compared with conventional bulk PIXE analysis of tomographic data as determined using Dan32. The overall concentrations determined by PIXE were compared with elemental concentrations held in the University of Surrey Hair Database. All the entries currently in the database were produced using INAA. The merits and possible contributions of tomographic PIXE analysis to analysis of hair are discussed. The conclusions drawn from the PIXE-Tomography analysis can be used to argue for more stringent procedures for hair analysis at the University of Surrey.     

Elemental analysis of size-fractionated particulate matter sampled in Göteborg,Sweden

The aim of the study was to investigate the mass distribution of trace elements in aerosol samples collected in the urban area of Göteborg, Sweden, with special focus on the impact of different air masses and anthropogenic activities. Three measurement campaigns were conducted during December 2006 and January 2007. A PIXE cascade impactor was used to collect particulate matter in 9 size fractions ranging from 16 to 0.06 µm aerodynamic diameter. Polished quartz carriers were chosen as collection substrates for the subsequent direct analysis by TXRF. To investigate the sources of the analyzed air masses, backward trajectories were calculated. Our results showed that diurnal sampling was sufficient to investigate the mass distribution for Br, Ca, Cl, Cu, Fe, K, Sr and Zn, whereas a 5-day sampling period resulted in additional information on mass distribution for Cr and S. Unimodal mass distributions were found in the study area for the elements Ca, Cl, Fe and Zn, whereas the distributions for Br, Cu, Cr, K, Ni and S were bimodal, indicating high temperature processes as source of the submicron particle components. The measurement period including the New Year firework activities showed both an extensive increase in concentrations as well as a shift to the submicron range for K and Sr, elements that are typically found in fireworks. Further research is required to validate the quantification of trace elements directly collected on sample carriers.     

Elemental analysis of water and air solids by neutron activation analysis

Instrumental neutron activation analysis was used to determine the elemental concentrations in water and air solid samples collected on Nuclepore and Whatman filters from the Walker Branch Watershed. The results from this study show that the trace element concentrations removed by water from the watershed vary seasonally, as well as geographically. The data point up the usefulness and versatility of absolute neutron activation analysis. The NBS Standard Orchard Leaves was assayed in a similar manner, and good agreement was obtained between results here and standard values.     

Elemental analysis of limestone by instrumental neutron activation analysis

Limestone samples from Assuit Governrate in Upper Egypt were subjected to elemental analysis by instrumental neutron activation analysis and X-ray fluorescence techniques. The samples were properly prepared together with their standards and simultaneously irradiated in a neutron flux of the order 7 × 1011 n/cm² s using TRIGA research reactor at Mainz. After activation the samples were subjected to γ-ray spectrometry using a high purity germanium detection system and computerized multichannel analyzer. Nineteen elements: Na, Ca, Mn, Fe, Sc, Cr, Co, Zn, Sn, La, Ce, Nd, Eu, Sm, Yb, Lu, Hf, Th and U were analyzed. X-ray fluorescence spectrometry have been also used. The presence of any elements in higher or lower levels in certain limestone samples is contingent on the occurrence of its bearing minerals, nature of parent sediments and depositional environments of these sediments. The major elements in the samples were also observed to be among the elements that had high enrichment factors in the study of suspended dust particulate within and around cement industries. This confirms cement as the major contributor to the airborne particulate matter in the environs.     

Biodistribution of tritiated benzoporphyrin derivative (3H-BPD-MA), a new potent photosensitizer, in normal and tumor-bearing mice

The biodistribution of a new and very potent photosensitizer, benzoporphyrin derivative-monoacid, ring A (BPD-MA), was determined in normal and P815 (mastocytoma) or M1 (rhabdomyosarcoma) tumor-bearing DBA/2J mice. A dose of 80 micrograms of 3H-BPD-MA was determined at 3, 24, 48, 72, 96 and 168 h post injection. The following tissues were tested: blood, brain, heart, intestine, kidney, lung, liver, muscle, skin, stomach, spleen, thymus and tumor. The biodistribution of 3H-BPD-MA in normal and tumor-bearing mice was comparable overall. 3H-BPD-MA localized in tumors better than in other tissues except kidney, liver and spleen. The tumor to tissue ratios were in the range 1.5-3 at 24 h post injection and increased further during the next 72 h. The highest levels of 3H-BPD-MA were observed in all tissues at 3 h post injection and decreased rapidly during the first 24 h. After 24 h the clearance from tissues was rather slow. The preliminary clearance data obtained in a group of five normal mice indicated that the majority of the injected dose (60%) cleared from the body via the bile and feces, while only about 4% cleared via kidneys and urine. Studies in which 3H-BPD-MA was extracted from tumor, kidney and liver 3 and 24 h after injection showed that, at 3 h, all the photosensitizing activity in tumor was retained. At 24 h only 39% of the activity was retained and considerably less active material was present in liver and kidney.     

Elemental composition and microstructure analysis of a rabbit urolith

Following physical examination and radiography analysis, cystotomy was performed to remove a rabbit’s single bladder stone. This rabbit urolith was analyzed by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (EDXRF) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The EDXRF technique was successful for the determination of major elements (Ca, Mg, P, K and S) and presented sufficient sensitivity to also trace elements (Sr, Fe, Cu, V, Cr, Mn, Zn and Pb) determination. The results showed significant quantitative and structural variations among the urolith regions. The EDXRF technique using the fundamental parameters method and SEM attend as complementary techniques that can be useful in the management of urinary stone analysis.     

Elemental analysis of biological tissues of Dmdmdx/J and C57BL/6J mice strains investigated by neutron activation analysis

Radioactivity measurement of short-lived nuclides is the basis of decay data measurement, which requires rapid separation and purification of the interested nuclides from complicated fission products. A rapid separation system based on SISAK and extraction chromatography technique was established to isolate ⁹⁵Y, which half-life is 10.3 min. With the best conditions studied in this paper, ⁹⁵Y was separated successfully from complicated fission products under the mini-reactor in the China Institute of Atomic Energy. Decontamination factors to other nuclides except ⁹⁴Y are higher than 2 × 10³.